拆除导管架时提升吊点承载能力的方法研究
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摘要
近年来拆除的导管架数量日益增多,导管架吊点的承载力成为决定拆除方案的重要因素之一。以一个仅在位7年、海生物附着厚度达到300 mm(常规厚度的10倍)的渤海导管架为例,研究如何有效提升导管架吊点的承载能力。该导管架拆除时预估吊重是安装重量的2倍多,且吊点位处潮差带,主结构出现坑蚀,内部空间狭小不利于改造。详细论述了该导管架改造的思路和方法,在解决原结构缺陷的基础上,有效提升吊点的承载能力。为今后的拆除项目提供了设计思路。
The number of jacket removal projects is increasing in recent years. The bearing capacity of jacket lifting point is one of the most important factors to determine the removal method. We select a seven-year in-service jacket in Bohai Bay of China as an example. The marine growth thickness of the jacket is about 300 mm, which is about 10 times of normal marine growth thickness. The removal weight of the jacket is more than twice of the install weight of the jacket, and the trunnion(the lifting point type of the jacket) has already appeared pitting corrosion because it is in the tidal zone. So the trunnion needs to be strengthened. But the modification is difficult because the internal space of the trunnion is small. The thought and method of transformation of the trunnion are discussed detailedly. The way to improve the bearing capacity, which can effectively solve the defects of the original structure, is put forward. This research provides a design train of thought for the jacket removal projects in the future.
The number of jacket removal projects is increasing in recent years. The bearing capacity of jacket lifting point is one of the most important factors to determine the removal method. We select a seven-year in-service jacket in Bohai Bay of China as an example. The marine growth thickness of the jacket is about 300 mm, which is about 10 times of normal marine growth thickness. The removal weight of the jacket is more than twice of the install weight of the jacket, and the trunnion(the lifting point type of the jacket) has already appeared pitting corrosion because it is in the tidal zone. So the trunnion needs to be strengthened. But the modification is difficult because the internal space of the trunnion is small. The thought and method of transformation of the trunnion are discussed detailedly. The way to improve the bearing capacity, which can effectively solve the defects of the original structure, is put forward. This research provides a design train of thought for the jacket removal projects in the future.
引文
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[13] American Petroleum Institute.API RP-2A.Recommended practice for planning,designing,and constructing fixed offshore platforms [S].2014.
[2] 郝静辉,杨树耕.海上石油平台拆除技术的发展现状[J].中国港湾建设,2004(3):51.Hao Jing-hui,Yang Shu-geng.Decommissioning and removal of offshore platforms:a state of art [J].China Harbour Engineering,2004(3):51.
[3] Thornton W,Wiseman J.Current trends and future technologies for the decommissioning of offshore platforms [C]OTC,2000.
[4] Prasthofer P H.Platform decommissioning finding the right balance [C].Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering,1998.
[5] 王勇,代兵,高军伟.废弃海洋石油平台的拆除[J].机械工程师,2010(1):134.Wang Yong,Dai Bing,Gao Jun-wei.The disposal of abandoned offshore oil platform [J].Mechanical Engineer,2010(1):134.
[6] 罗传信.海洋桩基平台[M].天津:天津大学出版社,1988:96-100.Luo Chuan-xin.The offshore pile foundation platform [M].Tian jin:Tianjin University Press,1988:96-100.
[7] 刘增明,潘阳,柴昕辰.大型深水导管架拆除方案分析与计算[J].天津理工大学学报,2012(12):63.Liu Zeng-ming,Pan Yang,Chai Xin-chen.Anaysis and calculation to the demolition of deepwater jacket [J].Journal of Tianjin University of Technology,2012(12):63.
[8] 罗振钦.固定式海洋平台拆除设计要点分析[J].化工管理,2017(14):70.Luo Zhen-qin.Analysis of the design of fixed offshore platform [J].Chemical Enterprise Management,2017(14):70.
[9] 聂武,孙丽萍,李治彬,等.海洋工程钢结构设计[M].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学出版社,2007:79-111.Nie Wu,Sun Li-ping,Li Zhi-bin,et al.Design of marine engineering steel structure [M].Harbin:Harbin Engineering University Press,2007:79-111.
[10] 张朝晖.ANSYS11.0结构分析工程应用实例解析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008.Zhan Zhao-hui.Structural analysis engineering application example by ANSYS11.0 [M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2008.
[11] 尚晓江,邱峰,赵海峰,等.ANSYS结构有限元高级分析方法与范例应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2008.Shang Xiao-jiang,Qiu Feng,Zhao Hai-feng,et al.Advanced structural finite element analysis method and example application of ANSYS [M].Beijing:China Water&Power Press,2008.
[12] 王世斌,亢一澜.材料力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2008.Wang Shi-bin,Kang Yi-lan.Mechanics of materials [M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2008.
[13] American Petroleum Institute.API RP-2A.Recommended practice for planning,designing,and constructing fixed offshore platforms [S].2014.
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