考虑有效孔隙比影响的饱和黏性土中注浆渗透机理
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摘要
考虑强结合水膜对黏性土渗透特性的影响,依据土体物理特征参数建立有效孔隙比计算公式;修正经典的Kozeny-Carman渗透系数的经验公式,得到适用于黏性土的渗透系数经验计算公式;在此基础上,推导黏性土层中黏度时变性浆液注浆柱面和球面渗透扩散半径和渗透压力的计算公式.通过算例,验证了提出的黏性土渗透系数经验公式的正确性,并对比分析了不同注浆压力、注浆时间条件下是否采用有效孔隙比、是否考虑浆液黏度时变性对浆液扩散半径的影响.计算结果表明:采用天然孔隙比的扩散半径是采用有效孔隙比的扩散半径的约1.5倍,且两者的差距随注浆压力的增大、注浆时间的延长而增大;黏性土的渗透特性必须考虑强结合水膜的影响.
The calculation formula of effective void ratios was established according to the characteristic parameters of soil in view of the influence of the strong bound water layer on the permeability characteristics of clay. The empirical formula of permeability coefficients of clay was obtained through modification of the empirical formula of the Kozeny-Carman permeability coefficient. Based on the permeability coefficient of clay,the formulas for calculating the cylindrical and spherical diffusion radii and grouting pressures of time-dependent viscous slurry in saturated clay were derived. The empirical formula of permeability coefficients of clay was validated,then the diffusion radii with different grouting pressures and grouting times were compared between cases with or without the effective void ratio,and between cases with or without the time-dependent slurry viscosity. The results show that the diffusion radius with the natural void ratio is over 1.5 times larger than that with the effective void ratio,and the difference between them increases with the grouting pressure and the grouting time,so the permeability of clay is under the significant effects of the strong bound water layer.
The calculation formula of effective void ratios was established according to the characteristic parameters of soil in view of the influence of the strong bound water layer on the permeability characteristics of clay. The empirical formula of permeability coefficients of clay was obtained through modification of the empirical formula of the Kozeny-Carman permeability coefficient. Based on the permeability coefficient of clay,the formulas for calculating the cylindrical and spherical diffusion radii and grouting pressures of time-dependent viscous slurry in saturated clay were derived. The empirical formula of permeability coefficients of clay was validated,then the diffusion radii with different grouting pressures and grouting times were compared between cases with or without the effective void ratio,and between cases with or without the time-dependent slurry viscosity. The results show that the diffusion radius with the natural void ratio is over 1.5 times larger than that with the effective void ratio,and the difference between them increases with the grouting pressure and the grouting time,so the permeability of clay is under the significant effects of the strong bound water layer.
引文
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[12]KOZENY J.Uber kapillare leitung des wassers im boden[J].Royal Academy of Science,Vienna,Proc C lass I,1927,136:271-306.
[13]CARMAN P C.Fundamental principles of industrial filtration-a critical review of present knowledge[J].T ransactions of Institution of C hemical Engineering,1938,16:168-188.
[14]SCHEIDEGGERS A E.Theoretical models of porous matter[J].Producers Monthly,1953,17(10):17-20.
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[16]TERZAGHI K.Erdbaumechanik auf Bodenphysikalischer G rundlage[M].Vienna:Franz Deuticke,1925.
[17]吴凤彩.粘性土的吸附结合水测量和渗流的某些特点[J].岩土工程学报,1984,6(6):84-93.(WU Fengcai.Some characteristics of measurement and seepage of adsorbed water layer for cohesive soil[J].C hinese Journal of G eotechnical Engineering,1984,6(6):84-93.(in C hinese))
[18]王学武.基于有效孔隙比的粘土渗流固结及水土压力综合算法的研究[D].博士学位论文.西安:西安理工大学,2012.(WANG Xuewu.Research on the seepage,consolidation,and synthesis algorithm of w ater and earth pressures in clay based on the effective void ratio[D].Ph D T hesis.X i’an:X i’an U niversity of T echnology,2012.(in C hinese))
[19]李文平,于双中,王柏荣,等.煤矿区深部黏性土吸附结合水含量测定及其意义[J].水文地质工程地质,1995(3):31-34.(LI Wenping,YU Shuangzhong,WANG Borong,et al.The measuring of adsorbed bound w ater of the typical deep clay soil in coal mining area and its significance[J].H ydrogeology and Engineering G eology,1995(3):31-34.(in C hinese))
[20]叶飞,苟长飞,刘燕鹏,等.盾构隧道壁后注浆浆液时变半球面扩散模型[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(12):1789-1794.(YE Fei,GOU Changfei,LIU Yanpeng,et al.Half-spherical surface diffusion model of shield tunnel back-filled gouts[J].Journal of T ongji University(N atural Science),2012,40(12):1789-1794.(in C hinese))
[2]阮文军.注浆扩散与浆液若干基本性能研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(1):69-73.(RUAN W enjun.R esearch on diffusion of grouting and basic properties of grouts[J].C hinese Journal of G eotechnical Engineering,2005,27(1):69-73.(in C hinese))
[3]阮文军.基于浆液粘度时变性的岩体裂隙注浆扩散模型[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(15):2709-2714.(RUAN Wenjun.Spreading model of grouting in rock mass fissures based on timedependent behavior of viscosity of cement-based grouts[J].C hinese Journal of R ock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(15):2709-2714.(in C hinese))
[4]杨坪.砂卵(砾)石层模拟注浆试验及渗透注浆机理研究[D].博士学位论文.长沙:中南大学,2005.(YAN G Ping.Study on simulation grouting experiment in gravel&mechanism of permeating grouting[D].Ph D T hesis.C hangsha:C entral South U niversity,2005.(in C hinese))
[5]杨秀竹.静动力作用下浆液扩散理论与试验研究[D].博士学位论文.长沙:中南大学,2005.(YANG Xiuzhu.Study on grout diffusion theory and experiments under static or dynamic loading[D].Ph D T hesis.C hangsha:C entral South U niversity,2005.(in C hinese))
[6]冯啸.砂土体渗透注浆的有效性研究[D].硕士学位论文.济南:山东大学,2015.(FENG Xiao.R esearch on the effectiveness of the sand body permeation grouting[D].M aster T hesis.Jinan:Shandong U niversity,2015.(in C hinese))
[7]郑大为,张彬,王笑冰.粘度渐变型浆液渗透注浆灌注均匀砂层计算方法的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(S1):5086-5089.(ZHENG Dawei,ZHANG Bin,WANG Xiaobing.A study on calculation method of penetration theory for conforming sand layer[J].C hinese Journal of R ock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(S1):5086-5089.(in C hinese))
[8]韩烨.考虑黏度时变性的宾汉姆浆液注浆扩散机理研究[D].硕士学位论文.济南:山东大学,2014.(HAN Ye.Study on the mechanism of grouting diffusion of Bingham grouts w ith viscosity variation[D].M aster T hesis.Jinan:Shandong U niversity,2014.(in C hinese))
[9]杨志全,侯克鹏,郭婷婷,等.基于考虑时变性的宾汉姆流体的渗透注浆机理研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2011,43(S1):67-72.(YANG Zhiquan,HOU Kepeng,GUO Tingting,et al.Study on penetration grouting mechanism based on Bingham fluid of time-dependent behavior[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition),2011,43(S1):67-72.(in C hinese))
[10]杨志全,侯克鹏,郭婷婷,等.黏度时变性宾汉体浆液的柱-半球形渗透注浆机制研究[J].岩土力学,2011,32(9):2697-2703.(YANG Zhiquan,HOU Kepeng,GUO Tingting,et al.Study of column-hemispherical penetration grouting mechanism based on Bingham fluid of time-dependent behavior of viscosity[J].R ock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(9):2697-2703.(in C hinese))
[11]杨志全,牛向东,侯克鹏,等.流变参数时变性幂律型水泥浆液的柱形渗透注浆机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(7):1415-1425.(YANG Zhiquan,NIU Xiangdong,HOU Kepeng,et al.C olumnar diffusion of cement grout w ith time dependent rheological parameters[J].C hinese Journal of R ock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(7):1415-1425.(in C hinese))
[12]KOZENY J.Uber kapillare leitung des wassers im boden[J].Royal Academy of Science,Vienna,Proc C lass I,1927,136:271-306.
[13]CARMAN P C.Fundamental principles of industrial filtration-a critical review of present knowledge[J].T ransactions of Institution of C hemical Engineering,1938,16:168-188.
[14]SCHEIDEGGERS A E.Theoretical models of porous matter[J].Producers Monthly,1953,17(10):17-20.
[15]DARCY H.Recherches Expérimentales Relatives au Mouvement de L’Eau Dans les Tuyaux[M].MalletBacheher,1857.
[16]TERZAGHI K.Erdbaumechanik auf Bodenphysikalischer G rundlage[M].Vienna:Franz Deuticke,1925.
[17]吴凤彩.粘性土的吸附结合水测量和渗流的某些特点[J].岩土工程学报,1984,6(6):84-93.(WU Fengcai.Some characteristics of measurement and seepage of adsorbed water layer for cohesive soil[J].C hinese Journal of G eotechnical Engineering,1984,6(6):84-93.(in C hinese))
[18]王学武.基于有效孔隙比的粘土渗流固结及水土压力综合算法的研究[D].博士学位论文.西安:西安理工大学,2012.(WANG Xuewu.Research on the seepage,consolidation,and synthesis algorithm of w ater and earth pressures in clay based on the effective void ratio[D].Ph D T hesis.X i’an:X i’an U niversity of T echnology,2012.(in C hinese))
[19]李文平,于双中,王柏荣,等.煤矿区深部黏性土吸附结合水含量测定及其意义[J].水文地质工程地质,1995(3):31-34.(LI Wenping,YU Shuangzhong,WANG Borong,et al.The measuring of adsorbed bound w ater of the typical deep clay soil in coal mining area and its significance[J].H ydrogeology and Engineering G eology,1995(3):31-34.(in C hinese))
[20]叶飞,苟长飞,刘燕鹏,等.盾构隧道壁后注浆浆液时变半球面扩散模型[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2012,40(12):1789-1794.(YE Fei,GOU Changfei,LIU Yanpeng,et al.Half-spherical surface diffusion model of shield tunnel back-filled gouts[J].Journal of T ongji University(N atural Science),2012,40(12):1789-1794.(in C hinese))