煤层邻近基岩风化带地面预注浆加固与矿压显现特征研究
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摘要
在薄基岩风氧化带下煤层开采易发生出水压架事故,为了保证薄基岩煤层的安全开采,以淮南顾北煤矿薄基岩煤层1512(3)工作面为研究背景,通过数值计算、理论分析、实验室试验及现场实测的方法研究了不同岩层结构对薄基岩采场覆岩运移规律的影响,提出了地面对工作面上方的基岩风氧化带进行预注浆加固方法并成功进行了试验。研究得出:松散含水层载荷传递作用下,当采场覆岩中只有单承载岩层时,顶板易出现大范围的下沉,工作面压架几率较高,而当采场有双承载岩层时,压架几率大幅减小;地面预注浆能够有效提高基岩风氧化带岩层整体强度,提高其承载能力;工作面来压步距大于类似条件下未注浆的工作面,且实现了工作面安全回采。
Mining coal seam adjacent to weathering bedrock is easily to induce accidents such as water flushing. In order to ensure the safety during mining coal seam with thin bedrock, the 1512(3) working face of Gubei coal mine with thin bedrock is taken as the research objective. The influence of different rock strata structure on overburden strata movement with thin bedrock are investigated by using numerical calculations, lab testing and field measurements. The method of ground pre-grouting reinforcement for weathering bedrock over the coal seam is proposed and the application is successful. It is concluded that: under the load transfer of loose aquifer, coal seam, the roof tends to a large subsidence when there is only a single hard rock layer in overburden strata. The possibility of pressure racking is very high while it is significantly reduced when there are two or more hard rock layers existing. The ground pre-grouting application can effectively improve the overall strength and carrying capacity of the weathering bedrock. After grouting, the weighting interval is greater than the one before grouting under similar geological conditions. The longwall panel has been safely recovered.
Mining coal seam adjacent to weathering bedrock is easily to induce accidents such as water flushing. In order to ensure the safety during mining coal seam with thin bedrock, the 1512(3) working face of Gubei coal mine with thin bedrock is taken as the research objective. The influence of different rock strata structure on overburden strata movement with thin bedrock are investigated by using numerical calculations, lab testing and field measurements. The method of ground pre-grouting reinforcement for weathering bedrock over the coal seam is proposed and the application is successful. It is concluded that: under the load transfer of loose aquifer, coal seam, the roof tends to a large subsidence when there is only a single hard rock layer in overburden strata. The possibility of pressure racking is very high while it is significantly reduced when there are two or more hard rock layers existing. The ground pre-grouting application can effectively improve the overall strength and carrying capacity of the weathering bedrock. After grouting, the weighting interval is greater than the one before grouting under similar geological conditions. The longwall panel has been safely recovered.
引文
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[11]康永华,耿得庸,茹瑞典,等.兴隆庄煤矿提高回采上限的试验研究[J].煤炭学报,1995,20(5):449-454.KANG Yonghua,GENG Deyong,RU Ruidian,et al.Experiments with extending the upper extraction limit for Xinglongzhuang coal mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1995,20(5):449-454.
[12]许家林,王晓振,刘文涛,等.覆岩主关键层位置对导水裂隙带高度的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):380-385.XU Jialin,WANG Xiaozhen,LIU Wentao,et al.Effect of primary key stratum location on height of water flowing fracture zone[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(2):380-385.
[13]王晓振,许家林,朱卫兵,等.覆岩结构对松散承压含水层下采煤压架突水的影响研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(6):838-844.WANG Xiaozhen,XU Jialin,ZHU Weibing et al.Overburden structure influence to support crushing and water inrush during mining under unconsolidated confined aquifer[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(6):838-844.
[14]张华磊,涂敏,程桦,等.薄基岩煤层大采高工作面漏顶机制及控制技术研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(6):1697-1704.ZHANG Hualei,TU Min,CHENG Hua,et al.Roof leakage mechanism and control technology study of fully mechanized large mining height mining face of thin bedrock seams[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(6):1697-1704.
[15]李志华,华心祝,杨科,等.上提工作面支架围岩关系及其对矿压显现的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(6):1162-1171.LI Zhihua,HUA Xinzhu,YANG Ke,et al.Relation between support and supporting rocks and its influence on strata behaviors in working face with a raise of mining upper limit[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(6):1162-1171.
[2]国家煤炭工业局.建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规程[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2000.
[3]廖学东,疏开生.中等富水含水层下留设防砂煤柱开采的试验[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,1998,17(6):572-577.LIAO Xuedong,SHU Kaisheng.The test and study on mining with sand-against pillar under moderately water-rich and water-bearing strata[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University,1998,17(6):572-577.
[4]许光泉,胡友彪,涂敏,等.松散含水体下合理安全煤岩柱高度留设回顾与探讨[J].煤炭科学技术,2003,31(10):41-44.XU Guangquan,HU Youbiao,TU Min,et al.Review and discussion on rational height of safety coal and rock pillars under soft water bearing strata[J].Coal Science and Technology,2003,31(10):41-44.
[5]郭忠平,文志杰,王付清.厚冲积层下厚煤层分层开采提高开采上限的研究[J].煤炭学报,2008,33(11):1220-1223.GUO Zhongping,WEN Zhijie,WANG Fuqing.Study on improving upper limit in thick seams slicing mining under thick alluvium[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2008,33(11):1220-1223.
[6]张吉雄,李猛,邓雪杰,等.含水层下矸石充填提高开采上限方法与应用[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(2):220-225.ZHANG Jixiong,LI Meng,DENG Xuejie,et al.Method and application of extending mining upper limit under aquifer by gangue backfill mining[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(2):220-225.
[7]刘基.顶板高承压含水层疏水降压可行性研究[J].煤炭工程,2016,48(11):42-45.LIU Ji.Feasibility study of dewatering and depressurizing of high pressure roof water[J].Coal Engineering,2016,48(11):42-45.
[8]宋业杰.顶板含水层采前预疏降安全水位确定方法及应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2017,45(3):161-165.SONG Yejie.Method to determine pre-drainage and safety water level in aquifer of roof before mining operation[J].Coal Science and Technology,2017,45(3):161-165.
[9]陈俊杰,郭文兵,邹友峰.大型水体下顶水安全开采的可行性研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2011,21(2):57-62.CHEN Junjie,GUO Wenbing,ZOU Youfeng.Feasibility study on safety under large scale water bodies[J].China Safety Science Journal,2011,21(2):57-62.
[10]杜计平,汪理全.煤矿特殊开采方式[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003:15-29.
[11]康永华,耿得庸,茹瑞典,等.兴隆庄煤矿提高回采上限的试验研究[J].煤炭学报,1995,20(5):449-454.KANG Yonghua,GENG Deyong,RU Ruidian,et al.Experiments with extending the upper extraction limit for Xinglongzhuang coal mine[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1995,20(5):449-454.
[12]许家林,王晓振,刘文涛,等.覆岩主关键层位置对导水裂隙带高度的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):380-385.XU Jialin,WANG Xiaozhen,LIU Wentao,et al.Effect of primary key stratum location on height of water flowing fracture zone[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(2):380-385.
[13]王晓振,许家林,朱卫兵,等.覆岩结构对松散承压含水层下采煤压架突水的影响研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2014,31(6):838-844.WANG Xiaozhen,XU Jialin,ZHU Weibing et al.Overburden structure influence to support crushing and water inrush during mining under unconsolidated confined aquifer[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2014,31(6):838-844.
[14]张华磊,涂敏,程桦,等.薄基岩煤层大采高工作面漏顶机制及控制技术研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(6):1697-1704.ZHANG Hualei,TU Min,CHENG Hua,et al.Roof leakage mechanism and control technology study of fully mechanized large mining height mining face of thin bedrock seams[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(6):1697-1704.
[15]李志华,华心祝,杨科,等.上提工作面支架围岩关系及其对矿压显现的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(6):1162-1171.LI Zhihua,HUA Xinzhu,YANG Ke,et al.Relation between support and supporting rocks and its influence on strata behaviors in working face with a raise of mining upper limit[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(6):1162-1171.