关中盆地城市群地下文物遗迹精准探测——以茂陵为例
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摘要
关中盆地是华夏文明重要发祥地,拥有厚重的历史文化底蕴,留下灿烂的地下历史文化遗迹,但因其隐藏于地下,观赏性不强,制约着具有世界影响力的历史文化旅游品牌的打造。以举世闻名的茂陵为探测区,采用无人机航测、地面调查、高密度电法、地质雷达、高精度磁测及微重力等地面无损探测技术,对帝陵进行了精准探测,发现茂陵地宫位于封土堆之下距水平面约30～40m深,呈东西长约100m,南北宽约60m的矩形体;地宫基本完整,未坍塌;探测出南墓道、东墓道和北墓道的位置和深度与考古钻探探测出的结果基本一致。在此基础上利用3D Max软件平台等,可虚拟再现汉武帝茂陵辉煌规模及地宫形态。向游客展现汉武帝茂陵地宫的结构、景观以及时代与地域背景,将大幅度提升旅游产品品质。
Guanzhong Basin is the ancient birthplace of Chinese civilization,with a rich cultural heritage and brilliant ancient ruins,but these ancient ruins were buried underground mostly and have limited ornamental value and quality,restricting the creation of historical and cultural tourism brands with world influence.Taking the world-famous Maoling Mausoleum as a detection area,the drone aerial survey,ground survey,high-density electrical method,geological radar,high-precision magnetic survey and microgravity nondestructive detection were used to detect the Mausoleum accurately.The underground palace is about 30～40 mdeep from the horizontal plane and is shaped like a cuboid.It is about 100 mlong from east to west and about 60 m wide from north to south.The underground palace is almost intact and has not collapsed yet.The location and depth of the South,East,and North Tomb passages are almost consistent with archaeological drilling detection.On this basis,using the 3D Max software platform,etc.,the micromovie of " Detecting the underground ruins Emperor Wu of Han at Xi'an-Maoling" has been produced,which virtually reproduced the majestic scale of Emperor's Mausoleum Palace and the shape of the underground palace.It introduces the structure,landscape and era and geographical background,which will greatly enhance the quality of tourism products.
Guanzhong Basin is the ancient birthplace of Chinese civilization,with a rich cultural heritage and brilliant ancient ruins,but these ancient ruins were buried underground mostly and have limited ornamental value and quality,restricting the creation of historical and cultural tourism brands with world influence.Taking the world-famous Maoling Mausoleum as a detection area,the drone aerial survey,ground survey,high-density electrical method,geological radar,high-precision magnetic survey and microgravity nondestructive detection were used to detect the Mausoleum accurately.The underground palace is about 30～40 mdeep from the horizontal plane and is shaped like a cuboid.It is about 100 mlong from east to west and about 60 m wide from north to south.The underground palace is almost intact and has not collapsed yet.The location and depth of the South,East,and North Tomb passages are almost consistent with archaeological drilling detection.On this basis,using the 3D Max software platform,etc.,the micromovie of " Detecting the underground ruins Emperor Wu of Han at Xi'an-Maoling" has been produced,which virtually reproduced the majestic scale of Emperor's Mausoleum Palace and the shape of the underground palace.It introduces the structure,landscape and era and geographical background,which will greatly enhance the quality of tourism products.
引文
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张茂省.大西安城市地质调查与地下空间应用实施方案[R].西安:中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心,2016.ZHANG Maosheng.Geological survey and utilization of underground space in Xi'an city[R].Xi'an:Xi'an Center of Geological Survey,China Geological Survey,2016.
任保平.以西安为中心的关中城市群的结构优化及其方略[J].人文地理,2007,22(5):38-42.REN Baoping.Strategy and structural optimization of Guanzhong City Group,the center of Xi'an city[J].Human Geography,2007,22(5):38-42.
张茂省,王化齐,王尧,等.中国城市地质调查进展与展望[J].西北地质,2018,51(04):1-9.ZHANG Maosheng,WANG Huaqi,WANG Yao,et al.Progress and prospect of urban geological survey in China[J].Northwestern Geology,2018,51(04):1-9.
张明惠,杨武站,葛西军,等.汉武帝茂陵考古调查、勘探简报[J].考古与文物,2011,2:3-13.ZHANG Minghui,YANG Wuzhan,GE Xijun,et al.The brief report on archaeological investigation and exploration of the Maoling Mausoleum[J].Archaeology and Cultural Relics,2011,2:3-13.
刘士毅,吕国印,段清波,等.秦始皇陵地宫地球物理探测成果与技术[M].北京:地质出版社,2005.LIU Shiyi,LGuoyin,DUAN Qinbo,et al.Achievements and techniques of geophysical exploration on the underground palace of Qinshihuang's mausoleum[M].Bei Jing:Geological Press.2005.
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焦南峰.西汉帝陵形制要素的分析与推定[J].考古与文物,2013,5:72-81.JIAO Nanfeng.The analysis and identification of morphological components of the Western Han Mausoleums[J].Archaeology and Cultural Relics,2013,5:72-81.
陈华文.上海城市地质工作服务经济社会发展机制与模式探索[J].上海地质,2010,31(3):9-15.CHEN Wenhua.Mechanism and pattern of Shanghai urban geology in serving economic and social development[J].Shanghai Geology,2010,31(3):9-15.
张茂省,朱立峰,王晓勇.关中盆地地下水系统分析与地下水资源可持续开发利用对策[J].第四纪研究,2005,23(1):15-22.ZHANG Maosheng,ZHU Lifeng,WANG Xiaoyong.Groundwater systems and sustainable development countermeasures of groundwater resources in the Guanzhong Basin[J].Quaternary Sciences,2005,23(1):15-22.
丁辉,张茂省,王佳运,等.遥感技术在地质遗迹调查评价中的应用---以陕西华县莲花寺滑坡为例[J].地球学报,2018,39(2):233-240.DING Hui,ZHANG Maosheng,WANG Jiayun,et al.The application of remote sensing to investigation and assessment of geological relics:a case study of Lianhuasi landslides in Huaxian county,Shaanxi province[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2018,39(2):233-240.
ZHU Zhaoyu,ROBON Dennell,HUANG Weiwen,et al.Hominin occupation of the Chinese Loess Plateau since about 2.1million years ago[J].Nature,2018,559(7715).