考虑堆石料空间变异性的土石坝坝坡地震稳定性随机有限元分析
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摘要
本文探讨了筑坝堆石料的空间变异性对土石坝坝坡动力稳定性的影响。以新疆某在建高面板堆石坝为例,在蒙特卡洛法的框架下,采用基于局部平均细分法的随机有限元法模拟考虑筑坝堆石料空间变异性时土石坝的地震响应及坝坡滑移情况,通过对比随机有限元法和常规确定性有限元法的计算结果,提出:在地震动作用下,考虑筑坝材料空间变异性时,坝坡滑动体的数量、规模以及滑移量和滑动历时都有不同程度的增大,因而坝坡整体危险程度显著高于不考虑材料空间变异性的情况。坝坡各项动力安全性指标对筑坝材料空间变异性非常敏感;因而,考虑筑坝材料空间变异性时,各项安全性指标的离散性较大。
The influence of spatial variability of rockfill materials on the dynamic stability of dam slope of rockfill dams was studied. Under the framework of Monte Carlo method, the random finite element method(RFEM) based on the local average subdivision method was adopted to simulate the seismic response and analyze the slope stability of a high concrete face rockfill dam in Xinjiang, China. By comparing the calculation results using the RFEM and conventional deterministic finite element method, it is determined that(1) when the spatial variability of the rockfill materials is considered, the number and dimension of sliding bodies, together with sliding movements and duration increased; therefore, the overall risk of the dam slope is significantly higher than that when the spatial variability of rockfill materials is not considered and(2) the dynamic safety indexes of dam slope are sensitive to the spatial variability of rockfill materials and show high degree of discretion consequently.
The influence of spatial variability of rockfill materials on the dynamic stability of dam slope of rockfill dams was studied. Under the framework of Monte Carlo method, the random finite element method(RFEM) based on the local average subdivision method was adopted to simulate the seismic response and analyze the slope stability of a high concrete face rockfill dam in Xinjiang, China. By comparing the calculation results using the RFEM and conventional deterministic finite element method, it is determined that(1) when the spatial variability of the rockfill materials is considered, the number and dimension of sliding bodies, together with sliding movements and duration increased; therefore, the overall risk of the dam slope is significantly higher than that when the spatial variability of rockfill materials is not considered and(2) the dynamic safety indexes of dam slope are sensitive to the spatial variability of rockfill materials and show high degree of discretion consequently.
引文
[1] NEWMARK N M.Effects of Earthquakes on Embankments and Dams[J].Geotechnique,1965,15(2):139-160.
[2] FINN W D L.Dynamic Analysis in Geotechnical Engineering[M]//J.L.V.Thun ASCE:Park City,Utah,United States,1988:523-591.
[3] FINN W D L.State-of-the-art of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Practice[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2000,20(1-4):1-15.
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[7] 赵剑明,常亚屏,陈宁.高心墙堆石坝地震变形与稳定分析[J].岩土力学,2004(增刊2):423-428.ZHAO Jianming,CHANG Yaping,CHEN Ning.Study on Earthquake-induced Permanent Deformation and Dynamic Stability of High Core Rockfill Dam[J]Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004(Supp2):423-428.
[8] 刘汉龙,费康,高玉峰.边坡地震稳定性时程分析方法[J].岩土力学,2003(4):553-556,560.LIU Hanglong,FEI Kang,GAO Yufeng.Time History Analysis Method of Slope Seismic Stability[J].Rock And Soil Mechanics,2003(4):553-556,560.
[9] 迟世春.堆石坝坝坡的抗震稳定分析[J].世界地震工程,2002(4):11-17.CHI Shichun.Seismic Stability Analysis of Downstream Slope on the Rockfili Dams[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2002(4):11-17.
[10] 李红军,迟世春,林皋.基于动强度模式和时程应力分析的newmark滑块位移法[J].岩土力学,2006(增刊2):1063-1068.LI Hongjun,CHI Shichun,LIN Gao.Effects of Dynamic Shear Strength and Time-histories Stress Analysis on Newmark Sliding Block Analyses[J].Rock And Soil Mechanics,2006(Supp2):1063-1068.
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[15] LIZARRAGA H S,LAI C G.Effects of Spatial Variability of Soil Properties on the Seismic Response of an Embankment Dam[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2014,64(9):113-128.
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[17] FENTON G A.Simulation and Analysis of Random Fields,in Department of Civil Engineering and Operations Research.1990,Princeton University:Princeton,NJ.
[18] FENTON G A,VANMARCKE E H.Simulation of Random Fields Via Local Average Subdivision[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1990,116(8):1733-1749.
[19] 顾淦臣,沈长松,岑威钧.土石坝地震工程学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2009.GU Ganchen,SHEN Changsong,CEN Weijun.Seismic Engineering of Earth-Rock Dam[M].Beijing:China Water Conservancy and hydropower Press,2009.
[20] 眭峰.心墙堆石坝的抗震性和抗震安全评价[D].南京:河海大学,1999.SUI Feng.Earthquake Resistance and Seismic Safety Assessment of Core Rockfill Dams[D].Nanjing:Hehai University,1999.
[21] VANMARCKE E H,ZAVONI E H,FENTON E A.Simqke ii Conditioned Earthquake Ground Motion Simulator:User's Manual,Version 2.1997:Princeton University Press.
[22] VANMARCKE E H,CORNELL C A,GASPARINI D A,et al.Simqke:A Program for Artificial Motion Generation[J].Civil Engineering Department,Massachusetts Institute of Technology,1976:94720-1710.
[23] NOUR A,SLIMANI A,LAOUAMI N.Foundation Settlement Statistics Via Finite Element Analysis[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2002,29(8):641-672.
[24] FENTON G A,VANMARCKE E H.Spatial Variation in Liquefaction Risk[J].Geotechnique,1998,48(6):819-831.
[25] MENQ F Y.Dynamic Properties of Sandy And Gravelly Soils.2003,University of Texas at Austin:Austin,Texas.
[26] PHOON K K,KULHAWY F H.Evaluation of Geotechnical Property Variability[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1999,36(4):625-639.
[27] PHOON K K,KULHAWY F H.Characterization of Geotechnical Variability[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1999,36(4):612-624.
[28] DEGROOT D J,BAECHER G B.Estimating Autocovariance of In-situ Soil Properties[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1993,119(1):147-166.
[29] LUMB P.The Variability of Natural Soils[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1966,3(2):74-97.
[30] 李镜培,高大钊.土性指标的变异特性研究[J].中国港湾建设,2001(6):26-29,38.LI Jingpei,GAO Dazhao.Study of Variable Behavior of Soil Index[J].China Harbor Engineering,2001(6):26-29,38.
[31] 田景元,刘汉龙,伍小玉.高土石坝极限抗震能力的评判角度及标准述评[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2013(增刊1):128-131,137.TIAN Jingyuan,LIU Hanlong,WU Xiaoyu.Evaluation Perspectives and Criteria of Maximum Aseismic Capability for High Earth-rock Dam[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2013(Supp1):128-131,137.
[32] 邵磊,迟世春,李红军,等.高心墙堆石坝极限抗震能力初探[J].岩土力学,2011(12):3827-3832,3838.SHAO Lei,CHI Shichun,LI Hongjun,et al.Preliminary Studies of Ultimate Aseismic Capacity of High Core Rockfill Dam[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011(12):3827-3832,3838.
[2] FINN W D L.Dynamic Analysis in Geotechnical Engineering[M]//J.L.V.Thun ASCE:Park City,Utah,United States,1988:523-591.
[3] FINN W D L.State-of-the-art of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering Practice[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2000,20(1-4):1-15.
[4] FINN W D L.Seismic Slope Stability[C]//Geo-Institute of ASCE.Geo-congress,2013:2262-2288.
[5] 孔宪京,邹德高,邓学晶,等.高土石坝综合抗震措施及其效果的验算[J].水利学报,2006(12):1489-1495.KONG Xianjing,ZOU Degao,DENG Xuejing,et al.Comprehensive Earthquake Resistant Measure of High Earth-rockfill Dams and Effectiveness Verification[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006(12):1489-1495.
[6] 陈生水,李国英,傅中志.高土石坝地震安全控制标准与极限抗震能力研究[J].岩土工程学报,2013(1):59-65.CHEN Shengshui,LI Guoying,FU Zhongzhi.Safety Criteria and Limit Resistance Capacity of High Earth-rock Dams Subjected to Earthquakes[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2013(1):59-65.
[7] 赵剑明,常亚屏,陈宁.高心墙堆石坝地震变形与稳定分析[J].岩土力学,2004(增刊2):423-428.ZHAO Jianming,CHANG Yaping,CHEN Ning.Study on Earthquake-induced Permanent Deformation and Dynamic Stability of High Core Rockfill Dam[J]Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004(Supp2):423-428.
[8] 刘汉龙,费康,高玉峰.边坡地震稳定性时程分析方法[J].岩土力学,2003(4):553-556,560.LIU Hanglong,FEI Kang,GAO Yufeng.Time History Analysis Method of Slope Seismic Stability[J].Rock And Soil Mechanics,2003(4):553-556,560.
[9] 迟世春.堆石坝坝坡的抗震稳定分析[J].世界地震工程,2002(4):11-17.CHI Shichun.Seismic Stability Analysis of Downstream Slope on the Rockfili Dams[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2002(4):11-17.
[10] 李红军,迟世春,林皋.基于动强度模式和时程应力分析的newmark滑块位移法[J].岩土力学,2006(增刊2):1063-1068.LI Hongjun,CHI Shichun,LIN Gao.Effects of Dynamic Shear Strength and Time-histories Stress Analysis on Newmark Sliding Block Analyses[J].Rock And Soil Mechanics,2006(Supp2):1063-1068.
[11] 中国水利水电科学研究院.水工建筑物抗震设计规范:DL5073-2000[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2001,3.China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Specifications for Seismic Design of Hydraulic Structures:DL5703-2000[S].Beijing:China Electric Powerpress,2001,3.
[12] SHANKLIN D W,RADEMACHER K R,TALBOT J R.Constructing and Controlling Compaction of Earth Fills.Vol.1384.2000:ASTM International.
[13] US Bureau of Reclamation,Embankment dams,in Chapter 10:Embankment Construction[Z]//US Bureau of Reclamation:USA,2012.
[14] 吴再光,韩国城,林皋.随机土动力学概论[M].大连:大连理工大学出版社,1992.WU Zaiguang,HAN Guocheng,LIN Gao.Introduction to Stochastic Soil Dynamics[M] Dalian:Dalian University of Technology Press,1992.
[15] LIZARRAGA H S,LAI C G.Effects of Spatial Variability of Soil Properties on the Seismic Response of an Embankment Dam[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2014,64(9):113-128.
[16] 杨鸽,朱晟.考虑堆石料空间变异性的土石坝地震反应随机有限元分析[J].岩土工程学报,2016.38(10):1822-1832.YANG Ge,ZHU Sheng.Seismicresponse of Rockfill Dams Considering Spatial Variability of Rockfill Materials Via Randomfinite Element Method[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016.38(10):1822-1832.
[17] FENTON G A.Simulation and Analysis of Random Fields,in Department of Civil Engineering and Operations Research.1990,Princeton University:Princeton,NJ.
[18] FENTON G A,VANMARCKE E H.Simulation of Random Fields Via Local Average Subdivision[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1990,116(8):1733-1749.
[19] 顾淦臣,沈长松,岑威钧.土石坝地震工程学[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2009.GU Ganchen,SHEN Changsong,CEN Weijun.Seismic Engineering of Earth-Rock Dam[M].Beijing:China Water Conservancy and hydropower Press,2009.
[20] 眭峰.心墙堆石坝的抗震性和抗震安全评价[D].南京:河海大学,1999.SUI Feng.Earthquake Resistance and Seismic Safety Assessment of Core Rockfill Dams[D].Nanjing:Hehai University,1999.
[21] VANMARCKE E H,ZAVONI E H,FENTON E A.Simqke ii Conditioned Earthquake Ground Motion Simulator:User's Manual,Version 2.1997:Princeton University Press.
[22] VANMARCKE E H,CORNELL C A,GASPARINI D A,et al.Simqke:A Program for Artificial Motion Generation[J].Civil Engineering Department,Massachusetts Institute of Technology,1976:94720-1710.
[23] NOUR A,SLIMANI A,LAOUAMI N.Foundation Settlement Statistics Via Finite Element Analysis[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2002,29(8):641-672.
[24] FENTON G A,VANMARCKE E H.Spatial Variation in Liquefaction Risk[J].Geotechnique,1998,48(6):819-831.
[25] MENQ F Y.Dynamic Properties of Sandy And Gravelly Soils.2003,University of Texas at Austin:Austin,Texas.
[26] PHOON K K,KULHAWY F H.Evaluation of Geotechnical Property Variability[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1999,36(4):625-639.
[27] PHOON K K,KULHAWY F H.Characterization of Geotechnical Variability[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1999,36(4):612-624.
[28] DEGROOT D J,BAECHER G B.Estimating Autocovariance of In-situ Soil Properties[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1993,119(1):147-166.
[29] LUMB P.The Variability of Natural Soils[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,1966,3(2):74-97.
[30] 李镜培,高大钊.土性指标的变异特性研究[J].中国港湾建设,2001(6):26-29,38.LI Jingpei,GAO Dazhao.Study of Variable Behavior of Soil Index[J].China Harbor Engineering,2001(6):26-29,38.
[31] 田景元,刘汉龙,伍小玉.高土石坝极限抗震能力的评判角度及标准述评[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2013(增刊1):128-131,137.TIAN Jingyuan,LIU Hanlong,WU Xiaoyu.Evaluation Perspectives and Criteria of Maximum Aseismic Capability for High Earth-rock Dam[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2013(Supp1):128-131,137.
[32] 邵磊,迟世春,李红军,等.高心墙堆石坝极限抗震能力初探[J].岩土力学,2011(12):3827-3832,3838.SHAO Lei,CHI Shichun,LI Hongjun,et al.Preliminary Studies of Ultimate Aseismic Capacity of High Core Rockfill Dam[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011(12):3827-3832,3838.
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