软地层横波速度的偶极随钻测井反演
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摘要
在电缆测井中,可以利用偶极声场中的弯曲波反演软地层的横波速度.然而,在随钻声波测井(LWD)中,钢制钻铤的存在使得井孔结构变得复杂,同时改变了井孔声场,弯曲波也变得难以测定.此外,弯曲波与钻铤波耦合在一起,使得地层横波速度的反演变得困难.本文计算分析了随钻声场的频散曲线和激发曲线,注意到了偶极舒尔特波在较宽频带内速度频散很弱,特别是在本文研究的软地层情况下,偶极舒尔特波速度在3至25kHz的频率范围内几乎为一个常值,并且该值与地层横波速度存在一一对应关系.舒尔特波速度远小于其他模式波速度,与其他模式波在时域上易分离.相对于其他地层参数,舒尔特波对地层横波速度十分敏感.因此,它可以用来反演软地层的横波速度.
Shear velocity can be inversed from the acoustic dipole flexural wave in a slow formation during wireline logging.However,the flexural wave becomes elusive during acoustic logging while drilling(LWD).The existence of the steel collar makes the borehole structure complex and changes the borehole wave field.The flexural wave is mixed with the collar wave,and cannot be used to invert shear wave velocity effectively.Dispersion and excitation analysis show the advantage of the dipole Scholte wave in LWD.In the case of slow formation studied in this paper,Scholte wave is slightly dispersive at low frequency.Its velocity is almost constant value at the high frequency range,and this value is one-to-one correspondence with the shear wave velocity of formation.The velocity of Scholte wave is much smaller than that of other modes,so it can be separated from other mode waves in the time domain.The Scholte wave velocity is much more sensitive to the shear velocity of the formation than all other formation parameters.Thus it can be used for inversion of shear wave in a slow formation.
Shear velocity can be inversed from the acoustic dipole flexural wave in a slow formation during wireline logging.However,the flexural wave becomes elusive during acoustic logging while drilling(LWD).The existence of the steel collar makes the borehole structure complex and changes the borehole wave field.The flexural wave is mixed with the collar wave,and cannot be used to invert shear wave velocity effectively.Dispersion and excitation analysis show the advantage of the dipole Scholte wave in LWD.In the case of slow formation studied in this paper,Scholte wave is slightly dispersive at low frequency.Its velocity is almost constant value at the high frequency range,and this value is one-to-one correspondence with the shear wave velocity of formation.The velocity of Scholte wave is much smaller than that of other modes,so it can be separated from other mode waves in the time domain.The Scholte wave velocity is much more sensitive to the shear velocity of the formation than all other formation parameters.Thus it can be used for inversion of shear wave in a slow formation.
引文
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He X.2010.Simulations of acoustic logs in transversely isotropic formations and researches on permeability inversion[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology.
Hu H S,Zhang C,Zheng X B.2017.Inversion of formation shear speed from dipole Scholte wave during logging while drilling in slow formations.Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics,32(1):032004,doi:10.1121/2.0000769.
Kurkjian A L,Chang S K.1986.Acoustic multipole sources in fluid-filled boreholes.Geophysics,51(1):148-163,doi:10.1190/1.1442028.
Li X Q.2013.Theoretical studies of acoustic logging while drilling[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
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Sinha B K,Simsek E,Asvadurov S.2009.Influence of a pipe tool on borehole modes.Geophysics,74(3):E111-E123,doi:10.1190/1.3085644.
Tang X M,Dubinsky V,Bolshakov A,et al.2002a.Shear-velocity measurement in the Logging-While-Drilling environment:Modeling and field evaluations.∥72nd Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts,6:2-5.
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Vinh P C.2013.Scholte-wave velocity formulae.Wave Motion,50(2):180-190,doi:10.1016/j.wavemoti.2012.08.006.
Wang P,Bose S,Sinha B K,et al.2016.Dipole shear anisotropy using logging-while-drilling sonic tools.∥76th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts,25-29.
Wei J Q,He X,Li X Q,et al.2018.Simulations of acoustic LWDwith eccentric source and evaluation of the formation anisotropy.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),62(4):1554-1564,doi:10.6038/cjg2019L0731.
White J E.1983.Underground Sound.Amsterdam:Elsevier Science Publ.Co.
Yang Y F,Guan W,Hu H S,et al.2017.Numerical study of the collar wave characteristics and the effects of grooves in acoustic logging while drilling.Geophysics,209(2):749-761,doi:10.1093/gji/ggx044.
Zheng X B.2012.The full-waveform simulation of acoustic logging while drilling[Master′s thesis](in Chinese).Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology.
Zheng X B,Hu H S,Guan W,et al.2015.Simulation of the borehole quasistatic electric field excited by the acoustic wave during logging while drilling due to electrokinetic effect.Geophysics,80(5):D417-D427,doi:10.1190/GEO2014-0506.1.
Zheng X B.2017.Theoretical simulations of monopole and dipole acoustic logging while drilling and investigations of propagation mechanism for individual waves[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology.
崔志文.2004.多孔介质声学模型与多极源声电效应测井和多极随钻声测井的理论与数值研究[博士论文].长春:吉林大学.
何晓.2010.横观各向同性地层声波测井波场模拟与地层渗透率反演[博士论文].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学.
李希强.2013.随钻声波测井理论研究[博士论文].北京:中国科学院大学.
卫建清,何晓,李希强等.2018.含偏心点声源的随钻测井声场模拟和地层各向异性反演研究.地球物理学报,62(4):1554-1564,doi:10.6038/cjg2019L0731.
郑晓波.2012.随钻声波测井的全波计算[硕士论文].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学.
郑晓波.2017.单极和偶极随钻声波测井理论模拟与分波传播特性研究[博士论文].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学.
Cheng C H,Toks9z M N,Willis M E.1982.Determination of in situ attenuation from full waveform acoustic logs.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,87(B7):5477-5484,doi:10.1029/JB087iB07p05477.
Cui Z W.2004.Theoretical and numerical study of modified Biot′s models,acoustoelectric well logging and acoustic logging while drilling excited by multipole acoustic sources[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Changchun:Jilin University.
He X.2010.Simulations of acoustic logs in transversely isotropic formations and researches on permeability inversion[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology.
Hu H S,Zhang C,Zheng X B.2017.Inversion of formation shear speed from dipole Scholte wave during logging while drilling in slow formations.Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics,32(1):032004,doi:10.1121/2.0000769.
Kurkjian A L,Chang S K.1986.Acoustic multipole sources in fluid-filled boreholes.Geophysics,51(1):148-163,doi:10.1190/1.1442028.
Li X Q.2013.Theoretical studies of acoustic logging while drilling[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Beijing:The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Minear J W,Birchak R,Robbins C,et al.1995.Compressional slowness measurements while drilling.∥95th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts,6:26-29.
Norris A N.1989.Stoneley-wave attenuation and dispersion in permeable formations.Geophysics,54(3):330-341.
Schmitt D P.1988.Shear wave logging in elastic formations.The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,84(6):2215-2229,doi:10.1121/1.397015.
Sinha B K,Simsek E,Asvadurov S.2009.Influence of a pipe tool on borehole modes.Geophysics,74(3):E111-E123,doi:10.1190/1.3085644.
Tang X M,Dubinsky V,Bolshakov A,et al.2002a.Shear-velocity measurement in the Logging-While-Drilling environment:Modeling and field evaluations.∥72nd Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts,6:2-5.
Tang X M,Wang T,Patterson D.2002b.Multipole acoustic logging-while-drilling.∥72nd Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts,doi:10.1190/1.1817254.
Vinh P C.2013.Scholte-wave velocity formulae.Wave Motion,50(2):180-190,doi:10.1016/j.wavemoti.2012.08.006.
Wang P,Bose S,Sinha B K,et al.2016.Dipole shear anisotropy using logging-while-drilling sonic tools.∥76th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts,25-29.
Wei J Q,He X,Li X Q,et al.2018.Simulations of acoustic LWDwith eccentric source and evaluation of the formation anisotropy.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),62(4):1554-1564,doi:10.6038/cjg2019L0731.
White J E.1983.Underground Sound.Amsterdam:Elsevier Science Publ.Co.
Yang Y F,Guan W,Hu H S,et al.2017.Numerical study of the collar wave characteristics and the effects of grooves in acoustic logging while drilling.Geophysics,209(2):749-761,doi:10.1093/gji/ggx044.
Zheng X B.2012.The full-waveform simulation of acoustic logging while drilling[Master′s thesis](in Chinese).Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology.
Zheng X B,Hu H S,Guan W,et al.2015.Simulation of the borehole quasistatic electric field excited by the acoustic wave during logging while drilling due to electrokinetic effect.Geophysics,80(5):D417-D427,doi:10.1190/GEO2014-0506.1.
Zheng X B.2017.Theoretical simulations of monopole and dipole acoustic logging while drilling and investigations of propagation mechanism for individual waves[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology.
崔志文.2004.多孔介质声学模型与多极源声电效应测井和多极随钻声测井的理论与数值研究[博士论文].长春:吉林大学.
何晓.2010.横观各向同性地层声波测井波场模拟与地层渗透率反演[博士论文].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学.
李希强.2013.随钻声波测井理论研究[博士论文].北京:中国科学院大学.
卫建清,何晓,李希强等.2018.含偏心点声源的随钻测井声场模拟和地层各向异性反演研究.地球物理学报,62(4):1554-1564,doi:10.6038/cjg2019L0731.
郑晓波.2012.随钻声波测井的全波计算[硕士论文].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学.
郑晓波.2017.单极和偶极随钻声波测井理论模拟与分波传播特性研究[博士论文].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学.
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