雪鸡坪-春都铜矿区土壤重金属污染评价
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摘要
以香格里拉县雪鸡坪-春都铜矿区土壤为研究对象,分析长期采矿活动对表层土壤重金属含量的影响.通过对矿区土壤的重金属(Cd,Hg,As,Cu,Cr,Zn,Pb)含量进行测定,以国家土壤环境质量3级标准和云南省土壤背景值为评价标准,采用内梅罗综合指数法分析矿区土壤的重金属污染现状,运用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法进行潜在生态风险评估.结果表明:矿区长期开采活动导致Hg,As,Pb,Zn,Cu这5种重金属含量高于云南省土壤背景值,Hg,As,Pb,Zn,Cu,Cd这6种重金属含量高于全国土壤背景值;Cu的单因子污染指数值最高,污染水平超标,为该矿区土壤的主要污染元素;综合土壤环境指数为1.14,土壤受到轻度污染;矿区Hg元素具有强的生态危害,Cu元素具有中等生态危害,其余元素为轻微生态危害,综合生态危害指数为226.22,整体上该矿区的生态风险属于中等水平.
In this paper,soil in Xuejiping-Chundu copper deposit of Shangri-la county is taken as the object of study to analyze the influence of mining activity on heavy metal content in surface soil.Through the analysis of heavy metal(Cd,Hg,As,Cu,Cr,Zn,Pb) contents of soil in the mining area,the national soil environment quality three-level standard and soil background values in Yunnan are used as evaluation criteria.Nemero comprehensive index method is used to analyze the status of heavy metal pollution in soil of the mining area and the potential ecological risk assessment is made by Hakanson potential ecological hazard index method.The results show that long-term mining activities lead to contents of five heavy metals Hg,As,Pb,Zn and Cu higher than soil background values in Yunnan.Contents of six heavy metals Hg,As,Pb,Zn,Cu and Cd are higher than national soil background values.Element Cu has the highest single factor pollution index,the pollution level exceeds the standard and is the main pollution element in soil of the mining area.The integrated soil environmental index is 1.14,and soil is lightly polluted.Element Hg in the mining area has high ecological hazard,and element Cu has moderate ecological hazard,and the other elements have minor ecological hazards.The comprehensive ecological risk index is 226.22.As a whole,ecological risk of the mining area is moderate.
In this paper,soil in Xuejiping-Chundu copper deposit of Shangri-la county is taken as the object of study to analyze the influence of mining activity on heavy metal content in surface soil.Through the analysis of heavy metal(Cd,Hg,As,Cu,Cr,Zn,Pb) contents of soil in the mining area,the national soil environment quality three-level standard and soil background values in Yunnan are used as evaluation criteria.Nemero comprehensive index method is used to analyze the status of heavy metal pollution in soil of the mining area and the potential ecological risk assessment is made by Hakanson potential ecological hazard index method.The results show that long-term mining activities lead to contents of five heavy metals Hg,As,Pb,Zn and Cu higher than soil background values in Yunnan.Contents of six heavy metals Hg,As,Pb,Zn,Cu and Cd are higher than national soil background values.Element Cu has the highest single factor pollution index,the pollution level exceeds the standard and is the main pollution element in soil of the mining area.The integrated soil environmental index is 1.14,and soil is lightly polluted.Element Hg in the mining area has high ecological hazard,and element Cu has moderate ecological hazard,and the other elements have minor ecological hazards.The comprehensive ecological risk index is 226.22.As a whole,ecological risk of the mining area is moderate.
引文
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[3] 曹莉华.能源型工业园区土壤重金属污染分布特征及评价[D].山西:中北大学,2017.CAO Lihua.Distribution and Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil of Energy Industrial Park[D].Shanxi:North University of China,2017.
[4] 胡淼,吴家强,彭佩钦,等.矿区耕地土壤重金属污染评价模型与实例研究[J].环境科学报,2014,34(2):423-430.HU Miao,WU Jiaqiang,PENG Peiqin,et al.Assessment Model of Heavy Metal Pollution for Arable Soils and a Case Study in a Mining Area[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(2):423-430.
[5] 李柱,周嘉文,吴龙华.2017年土壤重金属污染与修复研究热点回眸[J].科技导报,2018,36(1):189-198.LI Zhu,ZHOU Jiawen,WU Longhua.Hot Spots of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution and Remediation Research in 2017[J].Science and Technology Review,2018,36(1):189-198.
[6] 翟航,卢文喜,杨威,等.模糊数学和污染指数法在土壤重金属污染中的应用[J].土壤,2008(2):212-215.doi:10.3321/j.issn.0253-9829.2008.02.010ZHAI Hang,LU Wenxi,YANG Wei,et al.Application of Fuzzy Mathematics and Contamination Index Method to Evaluation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution[J].Soils,2008(2):212-215.
[7] 段志斌,王济,宣斌,等.改进模糊数学法在土壤重金属污染评价中的应用[J].安徽农业大学学报,2018,45(1):131-137.doi:10.13610/j.cnki.1672-352x.20171214.004DUAN Zhibin,WANG Ji,XUAN Bin,et al.Application of Fuzzy Mathematical Model in Evaluation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural University,2018,45(1):131-137.
[8] KHODAMI S,SURIF M,MAZNAH W W O,et al.Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Surface Sediments of the Bayan Lepas Area,Penang,Malaysia[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2017,114(1):615-622.doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.038
[9] 周艳,陈樯,邓绍坡,等.西南某铅锌矿区农田土壤重金属空间主成分分析及生态风险评价[J].环境科学,2018,39(6):2884-2892.doi:10.13227/j.hjkx.201707125ZHOU Yan,CHEN Qiang,DENG Shaopo,et al.Principal Component Analysis and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metalsin Farmland Soils Around a Pb-Zn Mine in Southwestern China[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(6):2884-2892.
[10] 唐文杰,邓华,黄江波.广西锰矿区废弃地土壤重金属污染评价[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(3):575-580.doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn.0439-8114.2016.03.008TANG Wenjie,DENG Hua,HUANG Jiangbo.Evaluation of Heavy Metal Pollution in Manganese Mine Wastelands in Guangxi[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2016,55(3):575-580.
[11] WEISSENSTEIN K,SINKALA T.Soil Pollution with Heavy Metals in Mine Environments,Impact Areas of Mine Dumps Particularly of Gold and Copper Mining Industries in Southern Africa[J].Arid Ecosystems,2011,1(1):53-53.doi:10.1134/S2079096111010082
[12] 陈优良,史琳,王兆茹.GIS的矿区土壤重金属污染评价及空间分布[J].测绘科学,2018,43(4):80-86.doi:10.16251/j.cnki.1009-2307.2018.04.013CHEN Youliang,SHI Lin,WANG Zhaoru.Pollution Assessment and Spatial Distribution of Soil Heavy Metals in Mining Area Based on GIS[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2018,43(4):80-86.
[13] 黄小娟,江长胜,郝庆菊.重庆溶溪锰矿区土壤重金属污染评价及植物吸收特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(15):4201-4211.doi:10.5846/stxb201212121791HUANG Xiaojuan,JIANG Changsheng,HAO Qingju.Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollutions in Soils and Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals by Plants in Rongxi Manganese Mineland of Chongqing[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(15):4201-4211.
[14] 章哲.土壤重金属污染现状及检测技术分析[J].现代农业科技,2018(3):192,207.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-5739.2018.03.117ZHANG Zhe.Analysis of Current Status and Detection Technology of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil[J].Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,2018(3):192,207.
[15] 常青山,马祥庆,王志勇.南方重金属矿区重金属的污染特征及评价[J].长江流域资源与环境,2007(3):395-399.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-8227.2007.03.025CHANG Qingshan,MA Xiangqing,WANG Zhiyong.Pollution Characteristics of Heavy Metals and Their Pollution Evaluation in the Heavy Metal Mining Areas in Southern China[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2007(3):395-399.
[16] 邹鲤岭,程先锋,齐武福.云南个旧锡矿区农田土壤和农作物重金属污染研究[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(2):409-416.doi:10.16213/j.cnki.scjas.2017.2.028ZOU Liling,CHENG Xianfeng,QI Wufu.Investigation of Heavy Metals of Farmland Soil and Crops in Stannary of Gejiu in Yunnan[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2017,30(2):409-416.
[17] 乔鹏炜,周小勇,杨军,等.云南个旧锡矿区大屯盆地土壤重金属污染与生态风险评价[J].地质通报,2014,33(8):1253-1259.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1671-2552.2014.08.021QIAO Pengwei,ZHOU Xiaoyong,YANG Jun,et al.Heavy Metal Pollution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Datun Basin in the Gejiu Tin Mining Area,Yunnan Province[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2014,33(8):1253-1259.
[18] 袁庆虹.云南兰坪矿区环境重金属污染及其对主要农作物影响的研究[D].大理:大理学院,2010.YUAN Qinghong.Research on Heavy Metal Pollution in Environmental and Its Impact on the Major Agricultural Products in Yunnan Lanping Mining Area[D].Dali:Dali University,2010.
[19] 李晓燕.云南大红山铜矿周围河流和土壤中Cu等重金属元素分布特征研究[D].北京:首都师范大学,2009.LI Xiaoyan.Distribution Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Rivers and Soils Around Dahongshan Copper Mine,Yunnan Province[D].Beijing:Capital Normal University,2009.
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