不同作物根茬对土壤酸度的影响
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摘要
通过室内培养试验,研究了添加大豆、玉米、谷子、花生、高粱5种根茬后对土壤酸度的影响。结果表明,培养结束时,添加5种作物根茬均显著提高了土壤pH值,高粱根茬降低土壤pH值的效果最好;添加5种作物根茬后的土壤交换性酸、交换性Al 3+含量均显著低于对照,高粱根茬对交换性酸降低效果最好。添加根茬后土壤有机质相对于对照组均有显著提升(P<0.05),其中高粱根茬的土壤有机质含量优于其他处理组;添加高粱根茬土壤的酸碱滴定S形曲线最为平缓,添加大豆根茬土壤酸碱滴定曲线坡度最大,但均优于对照组。相关性分析表明,影响土壤酸度的主要因素是交换性钙、阳离子交换量和盐基饱和度,影响添加作物根茬后土壤缓冲容量的主要因素是土壤有机质含量;缓解土壤酸化,添加高粱根茬效果最好。
By indoor culture test,we studied the effects of soy,corn,millet,peanuts,and sorghum stubble on soil acidity.The results showed that at the end of incubation,adding 5kinds of crop stubbles increased soil pH significantly,while adding sorghum stubble had the best effect on reduction of soil pH.After adding5 kinds of crop stubbles,the contents of soil exchangeable acid and exchangeable Al 3 +were significantly lower than those in the control treatment,while sorghum stubble took the key role in lowering soil exchangeable acid.Compared with the control treatment,crop stubbles significantly improved soil organic matter content(P<0.05),with sorghum stubble showing better effects than the other stubble treatment.After adding sorghum stubble,soil pH titration took on the gentlest S-shaped curve,and soil pH titration presented the steepest S-shaped curve after adding soybean stubble,but both were better than the control group.Correlation analysis showed that the main factors affecting the soil acidity were exchangeable Ca,cation exchange capacity and base saturation.The main factors affecting buffering capacity of the soil after adding crop stubbles were soil organic matter content.To ease acidification,adding sorghum stubble showed the best effect.
By indoor culture test,we studied the effects of soy,corn,millet,peanuts,and sorghum stubble on soil acidity.The results showed that at the end of incubation,adding 5kinds of crop stubbles increased soil pH significantly,while adding sorghum stubble had the best effect on reduction of soil pH.After adding5 kinds of crop stubbles,the contents of soil exchangeable acid and exchangeable Al 3 +were significantly lower than those in the control treatment,while sorghum stubble took the key role in lowering soil exchangeable acid.Compared with the control treatment,crop stubbles significantly improved soil organic matter content(P<0.05),with sorghum stubble showing better effects than the other stubble treatment.After adding sorghum stubble,soil pH titration took on the gentlest S-shaped curve,and soil pH titration presented the steepest S-shaped curve after adding soybean stubble,but both were better than the control group.Correlation analysis showed that the main factors affecting the soil acidity were exchangeable Ca,cation exchange capacity and base saturation.The main factors affecting buffering capacity of the soil after adding crop stubbles were soil organic matter content.To ease acidification,adding sorghum stubble showed the best effect.
引文
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[2]廖晓勇,陈治谏,刘邵权,等.三峡库区小流域土地利用方式对土壤肥力的影响[J].生态环境,2005,14(1):99-101.
[3]张晶,于玲玲,辛术贞,等.根茬连续还田对镉污染农田土壤中镉赋存形态和生物有效性的影响[J].环境科学,2013,34(2):685-691.
[4]夏卿.吉林玉米带黑土酸度性质研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2007.
[5]林涵.长期不同施肥对黑土酸度变化的影响[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2014.
[6]沈月,依艳丽,张大庚,等.耕地棕壤酸碱缓冲性能及酸化速率研究[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(1):95-100.
[7]张永春,汪吉东,沈明星,等.不同施肥对太湖地区典型土壤酸化的影响[J].土壤学报,2010,47(3):465-471.
[8]Caires E F,Pereira Filho P R S,Zardo Filho R,et al.Soil acidity and aluminium toxicity as affected by surface liming and cover oat residues under a no-till system[J].Soil Use&Management,2008,24(3):302-309.
[9]于洪艳.培肥方式对黑土区土壤氮素转化的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2006.
[10]解开治,徐培智,严超,等.不同土壤改良剂对南方酸性土壤的改良效果研究[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(20):160-165.
[11]徐祖祥.连续秸秆还田对作物产量和土壤养分的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2003(1):35-36.
[12]潘根兴.长期不同施肥对太湖地区黄泥土总有机碳及颗粒态有机碳含量及深度分布的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2006,12(6):765-771.
[13]杨忠芳,余涛,唐金荣等.湖南洞庭湖地区土壤酸化特征及机理研究[J].地学前缘,2006,13(1):105-112.
[14]王立华.不同改良剂对酸化土壤性质和油菜生长的影响[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2014.
[15]李志安,邹碧,丁永祯.植物残茬对土壤酸度的影响及其作用机理[J].生态学报,2005,25(9):2382-2388.
[16]戴万宏,黄耀,武丽,等.中国地带性土壤有机质含量与酸碱度的关系[J].土壤学报,2009,9(5):851-861.