石灰和绿肥对不同种植制度植烟酸性土壤改良效果
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摘要
为寻求酸性植烟土壤可持续改良方法,采用大田试验研究了石灰、石灰+绿肥在烤烟连作、烤烟与玉米轮作方式上对酸性植烟土壤物理特性、主要养分和酸度特征指标的影响,并分析了土壤pH与土壤理化指标的相关性。结果表明:在烤烟连作方式下,施用石灰并结合种植绿肥还田改良酸性土壤比单施石灰效果好,能使土壤容重、水解性酸、交换性酸、交换性氢和交换性铝分别降低11.97%,25.00%,18.46%,21.74%和16.67%,土壤孔隙度、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量、pH、阳离子交换量、盐基饱和度和土壤缓冲容量分别提高42.26%,57.02%,11.86%,16.39%,50.65%,5.97%,8.05%,13.17%和81.90%。施用石灰并结合种植绿肥对烤烟与玉米轮作方式的酸性土壤修复效果较烤烟连作更好,土壤容重、水解性酸、交换性酸、交换性氢和交换性铝可分别降低4.00%,20.51%,27.92%,10.00%和37.14%,土壤孔隙度、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量、pH、阳离子交换量、盐基饱和度和土壤缓冲容量可分别提高9.17%,13.97%,7.22%,12.06%,5.08%,5.15%,35.27%,15.44%和28.05%。石灰+绿肥协同改良酸性土壤的效果比单施石灰好,烤烟与玉米轮作较烤烟连作更有利于酸化土壤的修复。研究结果为采用石灰和种植绿肥还田改良酸性土壤提供了理论依据和实践指导。
In order to find a sustainable improvement method for acid tobacco-planting soil,afield experiment was conducted to study the effects of lime,lime combined with green manure on the physical properties,nutrients and acidity indexes of acid tobacco-planting soil in flue-cured tobacco continuous cropping and flue-cured tobacco and corn rotation systems.The correlation between soil pH and soil physical and chemical indicators was analyzed.The results were as follows:Under the flue-cured tobacco continuous cropping pattern,combined application of lime with green manure reduced soil bulk density,hydrolyzed acid,exchangeable acid,exchangeable hydrogen and aluminum by 11.97%,25.00%,18.46%,21.74% and16.67%respectively,and increased soil porosity,organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable N,available P,available K,pH,cation exchange capacity,base saturation,soil buffer capacity by 42.26%,57.02%,11.86%,16.39%,50.65%,5.97%,8.05%,13.17% and 81.90% respectively compared to lime application alone.Under combined application,flue-cured tobacco and corn rotation reduced soil bulk density,hydrolyzable acid,exchangeable acid,exchangeable hydrogen and exchangeable aluminum by 4.00%,20.51%,27.92%,10.00%and 37.14% respectively,increased soil porosity,organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable N,available P,available K,pH,cation exchange capacity,base saturation,and soil buffer capacity by 9.17%,13.97%,7.22%,12.06%,5.08%,5.15%,35.27%,15.44%,and 28.05%,respectively compared to flue-cured tobacco continuous cropping.The effects of combined application on the improvement of acid soil were better than those of single application of lime.The flue-cured tobacco and corn rotation system was more conducive to the improvement of acidified soil.The results of this experiment provided theoretical basis and practical guidance for the use of lime and planting green manure to improve the acid soil.
In order to find a sustainable improvement method for acid tobacco-planting soil,afield experiment was conducted to study the effects of lime,lime combined with green manure on the physical properties,nutrients and acidity indexes of acid tobacco-planting soil in flue-cured tobacco continuous cropping and flue-cured tobacco and corn rotation systems.The correlation between soil pH and soil physical and chemical indicators was analyzed.The results were as follows:Under the flue-cured tobacco continuous cropping pattern,combined application of lime with green manure reduced soil bulk density,hydrolyzed acid,exchangeable acid,exchangeable hydrogen and aluminum by 11.97%,25.00%,18.46%,21.74% and16.67%respectively,and increased soil porosity,organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable N,available P,available K,pH,cation exchange capacity,base saturation,soil buffer capacity by 42.26%,57.02%,11.86%,16.39%,50.65%,5.97%,8.05%,13.17% and 81.90% respectively compared to lime application alone.Under combined application,flue-cured tobacco and corn rotation reduced soil bulk density,hydrolyzable acid,exchangeable acid,exchangeable hydrogen and exchangeable aluminum by 4.00%,20.51%,27.92%,10.00%and 37.14% respectively,increased soil porosity,organic matter,alkali-hydrolyzable N,available P,available K,pH,cation exchange capacity,base saturation,and soil buffer capacity by 9.17%,13.97%,7.22%,12.06%,5.08%,5.15%,35.27%,15.44%,and 28.05%,respectively compared to flue-cured tobacco continuous cropping.The effects of combined application on the improvement of acid soil were better than those of single application of lime.The flue-cured tobacco and corn rotation system was more conducive to the improvement of acidified soil.The results of this experiment provided theoretical basis and practical guidance for the use of lime and planting green manure to improve the acid soil.
引文
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[18]邓小华,周米良,田茂成,等.湘西州植烟气候与国内外主要烟区比较及相似性分析[J].中国烟草学报,2012,18(3):28-33.
[19]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[20]成杰民,胡光鲁,潘根兴.用酸碱滴定曲线拟合参数表征土壤对酸缓冲能力的新方法[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(3):569-573.
[21]田峰,陆中山,邓小华,等.湘西烟区翻压不同绿肥品种的生态和烤烟效应[J].中国烟草学报,2015,21(4):56-62.
[22]邓小华,罗伟,周米良,等.绿肥在湘西烟田中的腐解和养分释放动态[J].烟草科技,2015,48(6):13-18.
[23]张黎明,邓小华,周米良,等.不同种类绿肥翻压还田对植烟土壤微生物量及酶活性的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2016,37(4):13-18.
[24]戴万宏,黄耀,武丽,等.中国地带性土壤有机质含量与酸碱度的关系[J].土壤学报,2009,46(5):851-860.
[25]栾好安,王晓雨,韩上,等.三峡库区橘园种植绿肥对土壤养分流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(2):68-72.
[26]刘霞.绿肥和菌肥对玉米茬土壤性状及烟叶品质的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2008.
[27]刘巧真,郭芳阳,吴照辉,等.烤烟连作土壤障碍因子及防治措施[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(10):87-90.
[2]邓小华,李源环,周米良,等.武陵山地植烟土壤养分和酸度垂直分布特征[J].中国烟草科学,2018,39(3):48-59.
[3]鲁艳红,廖育林,聂军,等.长期施用氮磷钾肥和石灰对红壤性水稻土酸性特征的影响[J].土壤学报,2016,53(1):202-212.
[4] Zhu Q C,de Vries W,Liu X J,et al.Enhanced acidification in Chinese croplands as derived from element budgets in the period 1980—2010[J].The Science of the Total Environment,2018,618:1497-1505.
[5]邓小华,蔡兴,张明发,等.喀斯特地区湘西州植烟土壤pH分布特征及其影响因素[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(6):308-313.
[6]于天一,孙秀山,石程仁,等.土壤酸化危害及防治技术研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(11):3137-3143.
[7]尹永强,何明雄,邓明军.土壤酸化对土壤养分及烟叶品质的影响及改良措施[J].中国烟草科学,2008,29(11):51-54.
[8]胡敏,向永生,鲁剑巍.石灰用量对酸性土壤酸度及大麦幼苗生长的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(20):3896-3903.
[9]郭豪,宋鹏飞,黄翯,等.土壤改良剂对酸性土壤改良效应和烤烟产量、质量的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(6):95-98.
[10]方克明,钟国民,周丽芳,等.石灰在酸性稻田的施用效果[J].中国土壤与肥料,2017(5):105-109.
[11]徐仁扣.土壤酸化及调控研究进展[J].土壤,2015,47(2):238-244.
[12]兰丽丽,李东海,王继红,等.添加作物秸秆对土壤酸度变化的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2016,38(1):74-79.
[13]李军营,邓小鹏,杨坤,等.施用有机肥对植烟土壤理化性质的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2012(3):12-16,34.
[14]李鑫,张秀丽,孙冰玉,等.烤烟连作对耕层土壤酶活性及微生物区系的影响[J].土壤,2012,44(3):456-460.
[15]陈丹梅,段玉琪,杨宇虹,等.轮作模式对植烟土壤酶活性及真菌群落的影响[J].生态学报,2016,36(8):2373-2381.
[16] Niu J J,Chao J,Xiao Y H,et al.Insight into the effects of different cropping systems on soil bacterial community and tobacco bacterial wilt rate[J].Journal of Basic Microbiology,2017,57(1):3-11.
[17]贾健,朱金峰,杜修智,等.不同种植模式对土壤酶、烤烟生长及烟叶致香成分的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2016,18(3):141-149.
[18]邓小华,周米良,田茂成,等.湘西州植烟气候与国内外主要烟区比较及相似性分析[J].中国烟草学报,2012,18(3):28-33.
[19]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2000.
[20]成杰民,胡光鲁,潘根兴.用酸碱滴定曲线拟合参数表征土壤对酸缓冲能力的新方法[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(3):569-573.
[21]田峰,陆中山,邓小华,等.湘西烟区翻压不同绿肥品种的生态和烤烟效应[J].中国烟草学报,2015,21(4):56-62.
[22]邓小华,罗伟,周米良,等.绿肥在湘西烟田中的腐解和养分释放动态[J].烟草科技,2015,48(6):13-18.
[23]张黎明,邓小华,周米良,等.不同种类绿肥翻压还田对植烟土壤微生物量及酶活性的影响[J].中国烟草科学,2016,37(4):13-18.
[24]戴万宏,黄耀,武丽,等.中国地带性土壤有机质含量与酸碱度的关系[J].土壤学报,2009,46(5):851-860.
[25]栾好安,王晓雨,韩上,等.三峡库区橘园种植绿肥对土壤养分流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(2):68-72.
[26]刘霞.绿肥和菌肥对玉米茬土壤性状及烟叶品质的影响[D].郑州:河南农业大学,2008.
[27]刘巧真,郭芳阳,吴照辉,等.烤烟连作土壤障碍因子及防治措施[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(10):87-90.