不同施肥处理对草甸黑土化学性质的影响
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摘要
以草甸黑土为对象,研究了不同施肥处理对土壤化学性质的影响。结果表明:长期单施氮肥土壤p H降幅最大,交换性酸及交换性氢铝含量最高,其次为配施氮肥土壤,并且单施或配施氮肥的土壤中有机质含量在不同施肥处理中最低,添加玉米秸秆后土壤p H降幅减缓,交换性酸含量稍有降低,并且土壤有机质含量及阳离子交换量均稍有增加;在不添加玉米秸秆组,单施氮肥土壤的酸碱缓冲容量值最小,为2. 13,不施肥对照组酸碱缓冲容量值最大,为4. 58,添加玉米秸秆后单施氮肥组土壤缓冲容量值为3. 06,不施肥对照组酸碱缓冲容量值增加至5. 84,说明在土壤中添加玉米秸秆提高了土壤酸碱缓冲性能。这说明,不同施肥处理方式对土壤p H、有机质含量、阳离子交换量(CEC)以及酸碱缓冲性能等化学性质均产生影响。
The effects of different fertilization treatments on meadow black soil were studied. The results show that pH value of long-term single nitrogen fertilizer soil had the largest decline,content of exchangeable acid and exchangeable hydrogen and aluminum was the highest,the second was nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer soil,and content of organic matter was the lowest in both soils. Soil pH decreased slowly after adding corn stalk,exchangeable acid content in the soil was slightly decreased,soil organic matter content increased,and cation exchange capacity increased. In no straw adding group,acid-base buffer capacity value of soil with single nitrogen fertilizer application was the lowest( 2. 13),acid and alkali buffer capacity value of the no straw adding group( control group) was the highest( 4. 58). After adding corn stalk,soil buffer capacity of single nitrogen application group was3. 06,acid and alkali buffering capacity value in the control group increased to 5. 84,indicating that adding an appropriate amount of corn stalk could enhance soil acid-base buffer performance. In con-clusion,the effects of different long-term fertilization treatments on soil p H,organic matter,cation exchange capacity,and acid base buffer capacity are different.
The effects of different fertilization treatments on meadow black soil were studied. The results show that pH value of long-term single nitrogen fertilizer soil had the largest decline,content of exchangeable acid and exchangeable hydrogen and aluminum was the highest,the second was nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer soil,and content of organic matter was the lowest in both soils. Soil pH decreased slowly after adding corn stalk,exchangeable acid content in the soil was slightly decreased,soil organic matter content increased,and cation exchange capacity increased. In no straw adding group,acid-base buffer capacity value of soil with single nitrogen fertilizer application was the lowest( 2. 13),acid and alkali buffer capacity value of the no straw adding group( control group) was the highest( 4. 58). After adding corn stalk,soil buffer capacity of single nitrogen application group was3. 06,acid and alkali buffering capacity value in the control group increased to 5. 84,indicating that adding an appropriate amount of corn stalk could enhance soil acid-base buffer performance. In con-clusion,the effects of different long-term fertilization treatments on soil p H,organic matter,cation exchange capacity,and acid base buffer capacity are different.
引文
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[21]贾立辉,朱平,彭畅,等.长期施肥下黑土碳氮和土壤pH的空间变化[J].吉林农业大学学报,2017,39(1):67-73.
[22]潘根兴.改进的酸碱滴定曲线法应用于研究土壤对酸雨的反应[J].南京农业大学学报,1991,14(4):128-132.
[2]周桂玉,张晓平,范如芹,等.黑土实施免耕对玉米和大豆产量及经济效益的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2015,37(3):260-267.
[3]蔡强国,范昊明,沈波.松辽流域土壤侵蚀危险性分析与防治对策研究[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(3):21-24.
[4]王宇,宋金函,马悦,等.黑土坡面径流特征模拟研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,2014,36(1):77-81.
[5]王聪,王继红,齐静芝.吉林玉米带黑土胶散复合体组成特征研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,2012,34(3):294-299.
[6]高华鑫,张卫峰,夏海勇,等.黑土区春玉米高产高效施氮技术研究[J].吉林农业大学学报,2015,37(1):63-67.
[7]孙好.长期定位施肥对红壤肥力及作物的影响[D].福州:福建农林大学,2009.
[8]王改兰,段建南,贾宁凤,等.长期施肥对黄土丘陵区土壤理化性质的影响[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(4):82-85.
[9]沈月,依艳丽,张大庚,等.耕地棕壤酸碱缓冲性能及酸化速率研究[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(1):95-100.
[10] Lin H,Jing C M,Wang J H. The influence of long-term fertilization on soil acidification[J]. Advanced Materials Research,2014,955:3552-3555.
[11]成杰民,胡光鲁,潘根兴.用酸碱滴定曲线拟合参数表征土壤对酸缓冲能力的新方法[J].农业环境科学学报,2004,23(3):569-573.
[12]王楠,赵兰坡,周彦明,等.玉米(超)高产与普通生产田土壤酸碱缓冲作用的研究[J].吉林农业科学,2009,34(2):24-27.
[13]林涵.长期不同施肥对黑土酸度变化的影响[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2014.
[14]张永春,汪吉东,沈明星,等.长期不同施肥对太湖地区典型土壤酸化的影响[J].土壤学报,2010,47(3):465-472.
[15]张新明,张俊平,刘素萍,等.模拟酸雨对荔枝园土壤氮素迁移和土壤酸化的影响[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(6):18-21.
[16]张喜林,周宝库,孙磊,等.长期施用化肥和有机肥料对黑土酸度的影响[J].土壤通报,2008,39(5):1221-1223.
[17]蒋端生.南岳森林土壤有机质的研究[J].湖南农业科学,2001(2):26-29.
[18] Wesselink L G,Breemen N V,Mulder J,et al. A simple model of soil organic matter complexation to predict the solubility of aluminium in acid forest soils[J]. European Journal of Soil Science,1996,47(3):373-384.
[19] Wit H A D,Kotowski M,Mulder J. Modeling aluminum and organic matter solubility in the forest floor using WHAM[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1999,63(5):1141-1148.
[20]李林,李鹤,秦治家,等.不同施氮水平对草甸土有机碳化学稳定性的影响[J].吉林农业大学学报,2014,36(5):595-600.
[21]贾立辉,朱平,彭畅,等.长期施肥下黑土碳氮和土壤pH的空间变化[J].吉林农业大学学报,2017,39(1):67-73.
[22]潘根兴.改进的酸碱滴定曲线法应用于研究土壤对酸雨的反应[J].南京农业大学学报,1991,14(4):128-132.