辽阳弓长岭铁矿区重金属污染评价
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摘要
运用地累积指数、潜在生态危害指数和富集因子对辽阳弓长岭铁矿区重金属污染情况进行综合评价。以采场和尾矿库为中心,向外延伸,将矿区分为7个典型区域,分别采样,以重金属Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb和Cr为主要评价对象,全面评价污染情况。结果表明:3种方法评价结果一致,弓长岭铁矿区重金属污染严重,以Cd和Cu污染为主,其中Cd为重度污染,Cu为中度污染,Zn、Pb和Cr污染较轻或者无污染;并且重金属污染与人为开采活动呈密切相关,采场和尾矿库的污染明显比周围区域严重;建议该矿区在生态修复和土壤复垦过程中重点解决Cd和Cu污染问题。本文可为矿区生态风险评价提供基础,同时可为矿区生态环境的改善和治理提供科学参考。
In this study,geoaccumulation index,potential ecological risk index and enrichment factor were used to evaluate the heavy metal pollution of Liaoyang Gongchangling Iron Mine area.The mining area was divided into seven subareas around stope and tailing pond,and soil samples from which were collected. The concentrations of heavy metals,including Cd,Cu,Zn,Pb and Cr in all the samples were measured,based on which the pollution situation was evaluated. The results showed that the evaluation results using the three methods were consistent. The heavy metal pollution in the studied area was serious,mainly caused by Cd and Cu. Cd pollution reached a serious level,Cu was in moderate level,and Zn,Pb and Cr pollution was light. Moreover,the pollution of heavy metals was closely related to human mining activities. The pollution in stope and tailing pond was significantly worse than that in surrounding subareas. More attention should be focused on the pollution of Cd and Cu in the process of ecological restoration and soil reclamation. Our results provide a basis for ecological risk assessment and a scientific reference for the improvement of ecological environment.
In this study,geoaccumulation index,potential ecological risk index and enrichment factor were used to evaluate the heavy metal pollution of Liaoyang Gongchangling Iron Mine area.The mining area was divided into seven subareas around stope and tailing pond,and soil samples from which were collected. The concentrations of heavy metals,including Cd,Cu,Zn,Pb and Cr in all the samples were measured,based on which the pollution situation was evaluated. The results showed that the evaluation results using the three methods were consistent. The heavy metal pollution in the studied area was serious,mainly caused by Cd and Cu. Cd pollution reached a serious level,Cu was in moderate level,and Zn,Pb and Cr pollution was light. Moreover,the pollution of heavy metals was closely related to human mining activities. The pollution in stope and tailing pond was significantly worse than that in surrounding subareas. More attention should be focused on the pollution of Cd and Cu in the process of ecological restoration and soil reclamation. Our results provide a basis for ecological risk assessment and a scientific reference for the improvement of ecological environment.
引文
安婧,宫晓双,魏树和.2015.重金属污染土壤超积累植物修复关键技术的发展.生态学杂志,34(11):3261-3270.
程国霞,都基众,陈为民.2011.鞍钢弓长岭露天铁矿区地质环境问题及防治对策.地质与资源,20(1):78-80.
范晓婷,蒋艳雪,崔斌,等.2016.富集因子法中参比元素的选取方法---以元江底泥中重金属污染评价为例.环境科学学报,36(10):3795-3803.
房辉,曹敏.2009.云南会泽废弃铅锌矿重金属污染评价.生态学杂志,28(7):1277-1283.
国家环境保护局,中国环境监测总站.1990.中国土壤元素背景值.北京:中国环境监测总站.
胡亚林,王承义,王泓泉,等.2014.大兴安岭古利库砂金矿废弃地土壤重金属含量特征.生态学杂志,33(10):2796-2802.
黄丽坤,王薇,王琨,等.2016.哈尔滨市采暖期PM1中金属元素浓度及来源分析.化学与粘合,38(5):322-324.
姜素,陆华,曹瑞祥,等.2014.某铁矿尾矿库及周边土壤重金属污染评价.环境科学与技术,37(S1):274-278.
李厚民,刘明军,李立兴,等.2014.弓长岭铁矿二矿区蚀变岩中锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及地质意义.岩石学报,30(5):1205-1217.
李如忠,潘成荣,徐晶晶,等.2012.基于Monte Carlo模拟的潜在生态危害指数模型及其应用.环境科学研究,25(12):1336-1343.
刘丹,赵永红,周丹,等.2017.赣南某钨矿区土壤重金属污染生态风险评价.环境化学,36(7):1556-1567.
刘坤,李光德,张中文,等.2008.城市道路土壤重金属污染及潜在生态危害评价.环境科学与技术,31(2):124-127.
牛之欣,孙丽娜,孙铁珩.2009.重金属污染土壤的植物-微生物联合修复研究进展.生态学杂志,28(11):2366-2373.
石平.2010.辽宁省典型有色金属矿区土壤重金属污染评价及植物修复研究(硕士学位论文).沈阳:东北大学.
宋凤敏,张兴昌,王彦民,等.2015.汉江上游铁矿尾矿库区土壤重金属污染分析.农业环境科学学报,34(9):1707-1714.
宋金茜,朱权,姜小三,等.2017.基于GIS的农业土壤重金属风险评价研究---以南京市八卦洲为例.土壤学报,54(1):81-91.
王斐,黄益宗,王小玲,等.2015.江西钨矿周边土壤重金属生态风险评价:不同评价方法的比较.环境化学,34(2):225-233.
王玉婷,白宪洲,何明友,等.2009.宜宾江安桐梓镇土地整理区耕地土壤重金属富集因子评价.地球与环境,37(3):258-263.
夏建明,王恩德,赵纯福,等.2011.弓长岭富铁矿氧化还原环境的形成机制.东北大学学报:自然科学版,32(11):1643-1646.
翟万林,龙江平.2010.沉积物重金属污染评价方法对比---以上海崇明东滩为例.贵阳学院学报:自然科学版,5(3):20-25.
张海珍.2012.应用潜在生态风险指数法评价滇池沉积物中的重金属污染.地下水,34(3):99-101.
Abrahim GMS,Parker RJ.2008.Assessment of heavy metal enrichment factors and the degree of contamination in marine sediments from Tamaki Estuary,Auckland,New Zealand.Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,136:227-238.
Fu C,Guo J,Jie P,et al.2009.Potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in sediments of the Yangtze River within the Wanzhou section,China.Biological Trace Element Research,129:270-277.
Kenawy IMM,Haffez MAH,Aki MA,et al.2005.Determination by AAS of some trace heavy metal ions in some natural and biological samples after their preconcentration using newly chemically modified chloromethylated polystyrenePAN ion-exchanger.Analytical Sciences,16:493-500.
Li R,Li Y,Yang T,et al.2015.A new integrated evaluation method of heavy metals pollution control during melting and sintering of MSWI fly ash.Journal of Hazardous Materials,289:197-203.
Tang W,Shan B,Zhang H,et al.2016.Heavy metal speciation,risk,and bioavailability in the sediments of rivers with different pollution sources and intensity.Environmental Science and Pollution Research International,23:1-8.
Yuan H,Fu WL,Shao ZF,et al.2012.Water heavy metal potential ecological hazard and loss of Liangtan River in urban and rural connection area in Chongqing.Advanced Materials Research,518-523:2049-2053.
Zhai Y,Liu X,Chen H,et al.2014.Source identification and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in PM2.5from Changsha.Science of the Total Environment,493:109-115.
Zhu DW,Zhong H,Zeng QL,et al.2015.Prediction of methylmercury accumulation in rice grains by chemical extraction methods.Environmental Pollution,199:1-9.
程国霞,都基众,陈为民.2011.鞍钢弓长岭露天铁矿区地质环境问题及防治对策.地质与资源,20(1):78-80.
范晓婷,蒋艳雪,崔斌,等.2016.富集因子法中参比元素的选取方法---以元江底泥中重金属污染评价为例.环境科学学报,36(10):3795-3803.
房辉,曹敏.2009.云南会泽废弃铅锌矿重金属污染评价.生态学杂志,28(7):1277-1283.
国家环境保护局,中国环境监测总站.1990.中国土壤元素背景值.北京:中国环境监测总站.
胡亚林,王承义,王泓泉,等.2014.大兴安岭古利库砂金矿废弃地土壤重金属含量特征.生态学杂志,33(10):2796-2802.
黄丽坤,王薇,王琨,等.2016.哈尔滨市采暖期PM1中金属元素浓度及来源分析.化学与粘合,38(5):322-324.
姜素,陆华,曹瑞祥,等.2014.某铁矿尾矿库及周边土壤重金属污染评价.环境科学与技术,37(S1):274-278.
李厚民,刘明军,李立兴,等.2014.弓长岭铁矿二矿区蚀变岩中锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄及地质意义.岩石学报,30(5):1205-1217.
李如忠,潘成荣,徐晶晶,等.2012.基于Monte Carlo模拟的潜在生态危害指数模型及其应用.环境科学研究,25(12):1336-1343.
刘丹,赵永红,周丹,等.2017.赣南某钨矿区土壤重金属污染生态风险评价.环境化学,36(7):1556-1567.
刘坤,李光德,张中文,等.2008.城市道路土壤重金属污染及潜在生态危害评价.环境科学与技术,31(2):124-127.
牛之欣,孙丽娜,孙铁珩.2009.重金属污染土壤的植物-微生物联合修复研究进展.生态学杂志,28(11):2366-2373.
石平.2010.辽宁省典型有色金属矿区土壤重金属污染评价及植物修复研究(硕士学位论文).沈阳:东北大学.
宋凤敏,张兴昌,王彦民,等.2015.汉江上游铁矿尾矿库区土壤重金属污染分析.农业环境科学学报,34(9):1707-1714.
宋金茜,朱权,姜小三,等.2017.基于GIS的农业土壤重金属风险评价研究---以南京市八卦洲为例.土壤学报,54(1):81-91.
王斐,黄益宗,王小玲,等.2015.江西钨矿周边土壤重金属生态风险评价:不同评价方法的比较.环境化学,34(2):225-233.
王玉婷,白宪洲,何明友,等.2009.宜宾江安桐梓镇土地整理区耕地土壤重金属富集因子评价.地球与环境,37(3):258-263.
夏建明,王恩德,赵纯福,等.2011.弓长岭富铁矿氧化还原环境的形成机制.东北大学学报:自然科学版,32(11):1643-1646.
翟万林,龙江平.2010.沉积物重金属污染评价方法对比---以上海崇明东滩为例.贵阳学院学报:自然科学版,5(3):20-25.
张海珍.2012.应用潜在生态风险指数法评价滇池沉积物中的重金属污染.地下水,34(3):99-101.
Abrahim GMS,Parker RJ.2008.Assessment of heavy metal enrichment factors and the degree of contamination in marine sediments from Tamaki Estuary,Auckland,New Zealand.Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,136:227-238.
Fu C,Guo J,Jie P,et al.2009.Potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in sediments of the Yangtze River within the Wanzhou section,China.Biological Trace Element Research,129:270-277.
Kenawy IMM,Haffez MAH,Aki MA,et al.2005.Determination by AAS of some trace heavy metal ions in some natural and biological samples after their preconcentration using newly chemically modified chloromethylated polystyrenePAN ion-exchanger.Analytical Sciences,16:493-500.
Li R,Li Y,Yang T,et al.2015.A new integrated evaluation method of heavy metals pollution control during melting and sintering of MSWI fly ash.Journal of Hazardous Materials,289:197-203.
Tang W,Shan B,Zhang H,et al.2016.Heavy metal speciation,risk,and bioavailability in the sediments of rivers with different pollution sources and intensity.Environmental Science and Pollution Research International,23:1-8.
Yuan H,Fu WL,Shao ZF,et al.2012.Water heavy metal potential ecological hazard and loss of Liangtan River in urban and rural connection area in Chongqing.Advanced Materials Research,518-523:2049-2053.
Zhai Y,Liu X,Chen H,et al.2014.Source identification and potential ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in PM2.5from Changsha.Science of the Total Environment,493:109-115.
Zhu DW,Zhong H,Zeng QL,et al.2015.Prediction of methylmercury accumulation in rice grains by chemical extraction methods.Environmental Pollution,199:1-9.