基于地形梯度的三峡库区万州区土地利用时空变化分析
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摘要
采用2000年、2007年和2014年TM影像数据以及万州区DEM数据,运用GIS和RS技术、土地利用图谱变化模式、地形位指数以及地形分布指数等方法对万州区土地利用变化进行了研究。研究结果表明:在2000—2014年万州区林地和耕地面积占研究区总面积的92%以上,万州区土地利用类型以耕地和林地为主;耕地、林地、草地和未利用地面积减幅分别为1.08%,0.33%,0.04%,0.01%,呈现减少的趋势;水域和建设用地面积增幅分别为0.64%,0.81%,呈现增加的趋势;耕地、水域和建设用地在较低地形梯度区域的分布指数均大于1,主要分布于较低的地形梯度区域,草地在中高地形梯度区域的分布指数大于1,主要分布于中高地形梯度区域,林地在高地形梯度区域的分布指数大于1,主要分布于高地形梯度区域;万州区土地利用变化模式以稳定型为主,转移面积332 670.71 hm~2;前期变化型次之,转移面积2 629.44 hm~2;然后为后期变化型,转移面积2 600.57 hm~2;稳定型在不同地形梯度区域内分布均匀,前期变化型和后期变化型主要分布于低地形梯度区域内。该研究为土地资源的可持续开发利用以及科学、合理地布局土地利用规划提供参考依据。
We applied the combined methods including GIS and RS technology, land use map changing pattern, terrain position index and topographic distribution index, and used TM image data and DEM data of Wanzhou District from 2000, 2007 and 2014 to gain the knowledge about the land use changes in Wanzhou District. The results showed that woodland and cultivated land were the main land use types which cover 92% of the total area. The reduction rates of cultivated land, woodland, grassland and unused land were 1.08%, 0.33%, 0.04% and 0.01%, respectively, showing the decreasing trend. The growth rates of water area and construction area were 0.64% and 0.81%, respectively, showing the growing trend. The distribution index of cultivated land, water area and construction area in the lower terrain gradient area were greater than 1, indicating that they mainly distributed in the lower terrain gradient area. Meanwhile, the distribution index of grassland in the middle-high terrain gradient area was greater than 1, showing that grassland mainly distributed in the middle-high terrain gradient area. Nevertheless, the distribution index of woodland in the high terrain gradient area was also greater than 1, leading to the fact that woodland mainly lay in high terrain gradient area. Last but not least, the land use change pattern of Wanzhou District had 3 types including the stable type, the early change type and the late change type, the stable type was the main type that covered the area of 332 670.71 hm~2, the early change type covered 2 629.44 hm~2 and the late change type covered 2 600.57 hm~2. The stable type had a uniformly distribution among different terrain gradient areas while the early type and the late type both favored in the lower terrain gradient area. This study can provide references for the sustainable development and utilization of land resources and rational layout of land use planning in the future.
We applied the combined methods including GIS and RS technology, land use map changing pattern, terrain position index and topographic distribution index, and used TM image data and DEM data of Wanzhou District from 2000, 2007 and 2014 to gain the knowledge about the land use changes in Wanzhou District. The results showed that woodland and cultivated land were the main land use types which cover 92% of the total area. The reduction rates of cultivated land, woodland, grassland and unused land were 1.08%, 0.33%, 0.04% and 0.01%, respectively, showing the decreasing trend. The growth rates of water area and construction area were 0.64% and 0.81%, respectively, showing the growing trend. The distribution index of cultivated land, water area and construction area in the lower terrain gradient area were greater than 1, indicating that they mainly distributed in the lower terrain gradient area. Meanwhile, the distribution index of grassland in the middle-high terrain gradient area was greater than 1, showing that grassland mainly distributed in the middle-high terrain gradient area. Nevertheless, the distribution index of woodland in the high terrain gradient area was also greater than 1, leading to the fact that woodland mainly lay in high terrain gradient area. Last but not least, the land use change pattern of Wanzhou District had 3 types including the stable type, the early change type and the late change type, the stable type was the main type that covered the area of 332 670.71 hm~2, the early change type covered 2 629.44 hm~2 and the late change type covered 2 600.57 hm~2. The stable type had a uniformly distribution among different terrain gradient areas while the early type and the late type both favored in the lower terrain gradient area. This study can provide references for the sustainable development and utilization of land resources and rational layout of land use planning in the future.
引文
[1]陈丹,周启刚,何昌华,等.重庆山地都市区1985—2010年土地利用变化地形特征分异研究[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(5):210-220.
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[3]冯畅,毛德华,周慧,等.气候与土地利用变化对涟水流域径流的影响[J].冰川冻土,2017,39(2):395-406.
[4]张津,朱文博,吴舒尧,等.基于CLUE-S模型的京津冀城市群土地利用变化时空模拟[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2018,54(1):115-124.
[5]李京京,吕哲敏,石小平,等.基于地形梯度的汾河流域土地利用时空变化分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,34(7):230-236.
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[7]张静,任志远.秦巴山区土地利用时空格局及地形梯度效应[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(14):250-257.
[8]徐小任,徐勇.黄土高原地区人类活动强度时空变化分析[J].地理研究,2017,36(4):661-672.
[9]董顺舟,赵宇鸾,李秀彬.基于地形梯度的高原山地区土地利用格局时空特征:以贵州省盘县为例[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(2):213-222.
[10]周启刚,陈丹.重庆山地都市区土地利用地形特征分异研究[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(3):86-91.
[11]巩杰,高彦净,张玲玲,等.基于地形梯度的景观生态风险空间分析:以甘肃省白龙江流域为例[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2014,50(5):692-698.
[12]龚文峰,袁力,范文义.基于地形梯度的哈尔滨市土地利用格局变化分析[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(2):250-259.
[13]胡金龙,周志翔,滕明君,等.基于土地利用变化的典型喀斯特流域生态风险评估:以漓江流域为例[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(6):2003-2012.
[2]佟光臣,林杰,陈杭,等.1986—2013年南京市土地利用/覆被景观格局时空变化及驱动力因素分析[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(2):240-245.
[3]冯畅,毛德华,周慧,等.气候与土地利用变化对涟水流域径流的影响[J].冰川冻土,2017,39(2):395-406.
[4]张津,朱文博,吴舒尧,等.基于CLUE-S模型的京津冀城市群土地利用变化时空模拟[J].北京大学学报:自然科学版,2018,54(1):115-124.
[5]李京京,吕哲敏,石小平,等.基于地形梯度的汾河流域土地利用时空变化分析[J].农业工程学报,2016,34(7):230-236.
[6]Li Zhi, Liu Wenzhao, Zheng Fenli. The land use change and its relationship with topographic factors in Jing Rive catchment on the Loess Plateau of China[J]. Springerplus, 2013,2(1):1-6.
[7]张静,任志远.秦巴山区土地利用时空格局及地形梯度效应[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(14):250-257.
[8]徐小任,徐勇.黄土高原地区人类活动强度时空变化分析[J].地理研究,2017,36(4):661-672.
[9]董顺舟,赵宇鸾,李秀彬.基于地形梯度的高原山地区土地利用格局时空特征:以贵州省盘县为例[J].水土保持研究,2017,24(2):213-222.
[10]周启刚,陈丹.重庆山地都市区土地利用地形特征分异研究[J].水土保持研究,2013,20(3):86-91.
[11]巩杰,高彦净,张玲玲,等.基于地形梯度的景观生态风险空间分析:以甘肃省白龙江流域为例[J].兰州大学学报:自然科学版,2014,50(5):692-698.
[12]龚文峰,袁力,范文义.基于地形梯度的哈尔滨市土地利用格局变化分析[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(2):250-259.
[13]胡金龙,周志翔,滕明君,等.基于土地利用变化的典型喀斯特流域生态风险评估:以漓江流域为例[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(6):2003-2012.
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