DARPA生物技术研究进展与启示
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摘要
随着生物技术的快速发展,颠覆性技术频繁取得突破,生物技术成为引领未来科技革命的关键技术,因此美国国防部国防高级研究计划局(DARPA)新近成立了生物技术办公室(BTO),加强对生物技术的部署与管理,这标志着美国已将生物技术的国防应用提升到新的战略高度。为把握生物技术发展与国防领域应用趋势,该文对DARPA生物技术领域的管理举措与项目布局进行了系统分析梳理,结合DARPA基金资助项目发表论文进行聚类分析,发现脑机接口、合成生物学、计算生物学等技术为其重点领域,并根据DARPA在生物及相关技术领域的整体布局与管理组织经验提出启示借鉴,为我国国防生物技术发展与管理提供决策参考。
With the high-speed development of biotechnology and breakthroughs of biological disruptive technology,biotechnology has become a leader of the technological revolution. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency( DARPA)has established the Biological Technologies Office( BTO) in order to strengthen the management and deployment of biotechnology,which marks the elevation of biotechnology to a new strategic level in defenses research and application. To find out more obout the trends of biotechnology and its applications to national defense,we conducted a systematic analysis of DARPA's management measures and its project plans plus a clustering analysis of literature published by projects funded by DARPA. It was found that DARPA's research has focused on such technologies as brain-computer interface,synthetic biology,and computational biology. DARPA' s overall layout and management experience in biology and related fields provide L reference for development of military biotechnology of China.
With the high-speed development of biotechnology and breakthroughs of biological disruptive technology,biotechnology has become a leader of the technological revolution. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency( DARPA)has established the Biological Technologies Office( BTO) in order to strengthen the management and deployment of biotechnology,which marks the elevation of biotechnology to a new strategic level in defenses research and application. To find out more obout the trends of biotechnology and its applications to national defense,we conducted a systematic analysis of DARPA's management measures and its project plans plus a clustering analysis of literature published by projects funded by DARPA. It was found that DARPA's research has focused on such technologies as brain-computer interface,synthetic biology,and computational biology. DARPA' s overall layout and management experience in biology and related fields provide L reference for development of military biotechnology of China.
引文
[1]楼铁柱,刘术,李鹏.2013年度军事医学相关生命科学技术重大进展[J].军事医学,2014,38(1):1-5.
[2]楼铁柱,刘术,刁天喜.人体增强技术及其军事应用前景与影响分析[J].军事医学,2014,38(1):6-9.
[3]吴曙霞,张音,阳沛湘,等.美国军事医学科研项目管理模式及对我军的启示[J].解放军预防医学杂志,2011,29(5):387-389.
[4]张明华,王松俊,雷二庆.DARPA生命科学研究之鉴[J].军事医学,2013,37(10):721-724.
[5]Zhang F,Gradinaru V,Adamantidis AR,et al.Optogenetic interrogation of neural circuits:technology for probing mammalian brain structures[J].Nat Protoc,2010,5(3):439-456.
[6]Steinberg EE,Christoffel DJ,Deisseroth K,et al.Illuminating circuitry relevant to psychiatric disorders with optogenetics[J].Curr Opin Neurobiol,2015,30(2):9-16.
[7]Green AA,Silver PA,Collins JJ,et al.Toehold switches:De-novo-designed regulators of gene expression[J].Cell,2014,159(4):925-939.
[8]DARPA BTO office.Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency[EB/OL].http://www.darpa.mil/about-us/offices/bto?ppl=view50#programs.
[9]Mirandaa RA,Casebeerb WD,Hein AM,et al.DARPA-funded efforts in the development of novel brain-computer interface technologies[J].J Neurosci Methods,2015,244(4):52-67.
[10]Collinger JL,Kryger MA,Barbara R,et al.Collaborative approach in the development of high-performance brain-computer interfaces for a neuroprosthetic arm:translation from animal models to human control[J].Clin Transl Sci,2014,7(1):52-59.
[11]贺福初,高福锁.生物安全:国防战略制高点[J].求是,2014,(1):53-54.
[12]Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.Breakthrough technologies for national security[R].http://www.darpa.mil,2015.
[2]楼铁柱,刘术,刁天喜.人体增强技术及其军事应用前景与影响分析[J].军事医学,2014,38(1):6-9.
[3]吴曙霞,张音,阳沛湘,等.美国军事医学科研项目管理模式及对我军的启示[J].解放军预防医学杂志,2011,29(5):387-389.
[4]张明华,王松俊,雷二庆.DARPA生命科学研究之鉴[J].军事医学,2013,37(10):721-724.
[5]Zhang F,Gradinaru V,Adamantidis AR,et al.Optogenetic interrogation of neural circuits:technology for probing mammalian brain structures[J].Nat Protoc,2010,5(3):439-456.
[6]Steinberg EE,Christoffel DJ,Deisseroth K,et al.Illuminating circuitry relevant to psychiatric disorders with optogenetics[J].Curr Opin Neurobiol,2015,30(2):9-16.
[7]Green AA,Silver PA,Collins JJ,et al.Toehold switches:De-novo-designed regulators of gene expression[J].Cell,2014,159(4):925-939.
[8]DARPA BTO office.Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency[EB/OL].http://www.darpa.mil/about-us/offices/bto?ppl=view50#programs.
[9]Mirandaa RA,Casebeerb WD,Hein AM,et al.DARPA-funded efforts in the development of novel brain-computer interface technologies[J].J Neurosci Methods,2015,244(4):52-67.
[10]Collinger JL,Kryger MA,Barbara R,et al.Collaborative approach in the development of high-performance brain-computer interfaces for a neuroprosthetic arm:translation from animal models to human control[J].Clin Transl Sci,2014,7(1):52-59.
[11]贺福初,高福锁.生物安全:国防战略制高点[J].求是,2014,(1):53-54.
[12]Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.Breakthrough technologies for national security[R].http://www.darpa.mil,2015.