秸秆还田对盐渍土团聚体稳定性及碳氮含量的影响
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摘要
以黄河三角洲典型盐化潮土为研究对象,分析了3种盐渍化程度(轻度、中度、重度)和3 a连续秸秆还田下土壤水稳性团聚体组成、稳定性以及各级团聚体C、N含量的变化。研究结果表明:重度盐渍土0.25～2 mm和0.053～0.25 mm团聚体所占比例显著低于轻度和中度盐渍土;土壤盐分含量与0.25～2mm团聚体中有机碳和全氮的分配比例、0.053～0.25 mm团聚体中全氮的分配比例成显著负相关。秸秆还田使轻度盐渍土平均重量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)和>0.25 mm团聚体所占比例(R0.25)分别增加47.6%、39.7%和54.0%,使中度盐渍土MWD、GMD和R0.25分别增加31.0%、31.9%和31.4%;各粒级中秸秆还田使轻度盐渍土0.053～0.25 mm粒级有机碳和全氮含量增加最多,增加比例分别为29.1%和28.8%,该粒级中C、N分配比例也显著提高;秸秆还田使中度盐渍土0.25～2 mm团聚体有机碳及其分配比例提高最多,比例分别为56.1%和58.7%。秸秆还田对轻度和中度盐渍土团聚体的稳定性均起到了明显的改善作用,但不同盐渍土秸秆还田对土壤团聚体C、N分布的影响明显不同。
Soil aggregate is the physical foundation of soil fertility and straw returning is widely recognized as an effective method to facilitate soil aggregate formation and stabilization. However, it is still unclear what effects of straw returning might have on soil aggregate composition and its carbon(C) as well as nitrogen(N) distribution in saline soils. In this study, taking the typical salinized fluvo-aquic soil of the Yellow River Delta as research object, we analyzed the water-stable aggregate composition, stability and the organic carbon(SOC), total nitrogen(TN) content of each aggregate in soils under three salinization degrees(light, moderate, highly) and after 3-year straw returning. Results showed that the proportions of 0.25-2 mm and 0.053-0.25 mm aggregates in highly-salinized soil were significantly lower than that in light-salinized soil and moderate-salinized soil(p < 0.05). The soil total salt content was negatively correlated with the contribution rates of 0.25-2 mm aggregates to SOC and TN, while it was negatively correlated with the contribution rates of 0.053-0.25 mm aggregates to TN. Straw returning induced a 47.6%, 39.7% and 54.0% increase in mean weight diameter(MWD), geometric mean diameter(GMD) and the content of macro-aggregates(R0.25) respectively for light-salinized soil, and a 31.0%, 31.9% and 31.4% increase in the corresponding indexes for moderate-salinized soil, respectively. For bulk soil, straw returning increased SOC and TN contents by 20.2% and 20.0% respectively for light-salinized soil, and increased SOC content by 35.2% for moderate-salinized soil. For SOC content in soil water-stable aggregates, straw returning for light-salinized soil increased SOC content by 22.7%, 29.1% and 21.9% in <0.053 mm, 0.053-0.25 mm and >2 mm aggregates, respectively, while increased that by 15.8%, 16.1%, 56.1% and 36.8% respectively for moderate-salinized soil with increasing particle size of soil aggregates. For SOC distribution in soil aggregates, the proportion of SOC in <0.053 mm aggregates decreased by 18.3% and 21.5% for light-and moderate-salinized soils, respectively, after 3-year straw returning; 0.053-0.25 mm aggregates of light-salinized soil had the highest increase(by 33.2%) in the contribution rate to SOC, while 0.25-2 mm aggregates of moderate-salinized soil had the highest increase(by 58.7%) in that among all aggregates. For TN content in soil water-stable aggregates, straw returning for light-salinized soil induced a 18.4% and 21.2% decrease in TN content in >2 mm aggregates and 0.25-2 mm aggregates respectively, and led to a 28.8% increase in TN content in 0.053-0.25 mm micro-aggregates. However, straw returning in moderate-salinized soil significantly decreased by 62.1% of the TN content in 0.053-0.25 mm micro-aggregates and increased by 1.1 times that in <0.053 mm aggregates. For TN distribution in soil aggregates, the contribution rate of <0.053 mm aggregates to TN decreased by 43.9% and that of 0.053-0.25 mm aggregates increased by 33.6% for light-salinized soil, while the contribution rate of <0.053 mm aggregates to TN increased by 0.9 times and that of 0.053-0.25 mm aggregates decreased by 50.9% for moderate-salinized soil. Overall, straw returning significantly improved the soil aggregate stability under light-and moderate-salinized soils, but it showed different effects on soil aggregate C, N distribution in different salinized soils, which might be attributed to the distinct formation mechanisms of soil aggregate under different salt contents.
Soil aggregate is the physical foundation of soil fertility and straw returning is widely recognized as an effective method to facilitate soil aggregate formation and stabilization. However, it is still unclear what effects of straw returning might have on soil aggregate composition and its carbon(C) as well as nitrogen(N) distribution in saline soils. In this study, taking the typical salinized fluvo-aquic soil of the Yellow River Delta as research object, we analyzed the water-stable aggregate composition, stability and the organic carbon(SOC), total nitrogen(TN) content of each aggregate in soils under three salinization degrees(light, moderate, highly) and after 3-year straw returning. Results showed that the proportions of 0.25-2 mm and 0.053-0.25 mm aggregates in highly-salinized soil were significantly lower than that in light-salinized soil and moderate-salinized soil(p < 0.05). The soil total salt content was negatively correlated with the contribution rates of 0.25-2 mm aggregates to SOC and TN, while it was negatively correlated with the contribution rates of 0.053-0.25 mm aggregates to TN. Straw returning induced a 47.6%, 39.7% and 54.0% increase in mean weight diameter(MWD), geometric mean diameter(GMD) and the content of macro-aggregates(R0.25) respectively for light-salinized soil, and a 31.0%, 31.9% and 31.4% increase in the corresponding indexes for moderate-salinized soil, respectively. For bulk soil, straw returning increased SOC and TN contents by 20.2% and 20.0% respectively for light-salinized soil, and increased SOC content by 35.2% for moderate-salinized soil. For SOC content in soil water-stable aggregates, straw returning for light-salinized soil increased SOC content by 22.7%, 29.1% and 21.9% in <0.053 mm, 0.053-0.25 mm and >2 mm aggregates, respectively, while increased that by 15.8%, 16.1%, 56.1% and 36.8% respectively for moderate-salinized soil with increasing particle size of soil aggregates. For SOC distribution in soil aggregates, the proportion of SOC in <0.053 mm aggregates decreased by 18.3% and 21.5% for light-and moderate-salinized soils, respectively, after 3-year straw returning; 0.053-0.25 mm aggregates of light-salinized soil had the highest increase(by 33.2%) in the contribution rate to SOC, while 0.25-2 mm aggregates of moderate-salinized soil had the highest increase(by 58.7%) in that among all aggregates. For TN content in soil water-stable aggregates, straw returning for light-salinized soil induced a 18.4% and 21.2% decrease in TN content in >2 mm aggregates and 0.25-2 mm aggregates respectively, and led to a 28.8% increase in TN content in 0.053-0.25 mm micro-aggregates. However, straw returning in moderate-salinized soil significantly decreased by 62.1% of the TN content in 0.053-0.25 mm micro-aggregates and increased by 1.1 times that in <0.053 mm aggregates. For TN distribution in soil aggregates, the contribution rate of <0.053 mm aggregates to TN decreased by 43.9% and that of 0.053-0.25 mm aggregates increased by 33.6% for light-salinized soil, while the contribution rate of <0.053 mm aggregates to TN increased by 0.9 times and that of 0.053-0.25 mm aggregates decreased by 50.9% for moderate-salinized soil. Overall, straw returning significantly improved the soil aggregate stability under light-and moderate-salinized soils, but it showed different effects on soil aggregate C, N distribution in different salinized soils, which might be attributed to the distinct formation mechanisms of soil aggregate under different salt contents.
引文
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[2]窦森,李凯,关松.土壤团聚体中有机质研究进展[J].土壤学报,2011,48(2):412-418.Dou Sen,Li Kai,Guan Song.A review on organic matter in soil aggregates[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2011,48(2):412-418.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]Sarker J R,Singh B P,Cowie A L,et al.Carbon and nutrient mineralisation dynamics in aggregate-size classes from different tillage systems after input of canola and wheat residues[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2018,116:22-38.
[4]Paul B K,Vanlauwe B,Ayuke F,et al.Medium-term impact of tillage and residue management on soil aggregate stability,soil carbon and crop productivity[J].Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment,2013,164(1):14-22.
[5]江春玉,刘萍,刘明,等.不同肥力红壤水稻土根际团聚体组成和碳氮分布动态[J].土壤学报,2017,54(1):138-149.Jiang Chunyu,Liu Ping,Liu Ming,et al.Dynamics of aggregates composition and C,N distribution in rhizosphere of rice plants in red paddy soils different in soil fertility[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2017,54(1):138-149.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]Monreal C M,Schulten H R,Kodama H.Age,turnover and molecular diversity of soil organic matter in aggregates of a Gleysol[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,1997,77(3):379-388.
[7]Tejada M,Garcia C,Gonzalez J L,et al.Use of organic amendment as a strategy for saline soil remediation:Influence on the physical,chemical and biological properties of soil[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2006,38:1413-1421.
[8]Xie Wenjun,Wu Lanfang,Zhang Yanpeng,et al.Effects of straw application on coastal saline topsoil salinity and wheat yield trend[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2017,169:1-6.
[9]田慎重,王瑜,李娜,等.耕作方式和秸秆还田对华北地区农田土壤水稳性团聚体分布及稳定性的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(22):7116-7124.Tian Shenzhong,Wang Yu,Li Na,et al.Effects of different tillage and straw systems on soil water-stable aggregate distribution and stability in the North China Plain[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(22):7116-7124.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]侯晓娜,李慧,朱刘兵,等.生物炭与秸秆添加对砂姜黑土团聚体组成和有机碳分布的影响[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(4):705-712.Hou Xiaona,Li Hui,Zhu Liubing,et al.Effects of biochar and straw additions on lime concretion black soil aggregate composition and organic carbon distribution[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2015,48(4):705-712.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]关松,窦森,胡永哲,等.添加玉米秸秆对黑土团聚体碳氮分布的影响[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(4):187-191.Guan Song,Dou Sen,Hu Yongzhe,et al.Effects of application of corn stalk on distribution of C and N in black soil aggregates[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,24(4):187-191.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]徐国鑫,王子芳,高明,等.秸秆与生物炭还田对土壤团聚体及固碳特征的影响[J].环境科学,2018,39(1):355-362.Xu Guoxin,Wang Zifang,Gao Ming,et al.Effects of straw and biochar return in soil and soil aggregate and carbon sequestration[J].Environmental Science,2018,39(1):355-362.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]解钰,朱同彬.氮肥和秸秆用量对水稻-小麦轮作体系土壤团聚体组分及碳氮分布的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2015,43(5):310-314.
[14]张玥琦,孙雪,张国显,等.稻草与生石灰添加介导的温室内土壤团聚体稳定性及碳分布特性[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(3):199-204,211.Zhang Yueqi,Sun Xue,Zhang Guoxian,et al.Soil aggregation and total carbon distribution in soil amended with straw and lime of greenhouse[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,32(3):199-204,211.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]Cambardella A C,Elliott T E.Carbon and nitrogen distribution in aggregates from cultivated and native grassland soils[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1993,57:1071-1076.
[16]Elliott E T.Aggregate structure and carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus in native and cultivated soils[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1986,50(3):627-633.
[17]Rengasamy P.World salinization with emphasis on Australia[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2006,57:1017-1023.
[18]Singh K.Microbial and enzyme activities of saline and sodic soils[J].Land Degradation&Development,2016,27:706-718.
[19]周玲玲,孟亚利,王友华,等.盐胁迫对棉田土壤微生物数量与酶活性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(2):241-246.Zhou Lingling,Meng Yali,Wang Youhua,et al.Effects of salinity stress on cotton field soil microbe quantity and soil enzyme activity[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation2010,24(2):241-246.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]Rath K M,Rousk J.Salt effects on the soil microbial decomposer community and their role in organic carbon cycling:A review[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2015,81:108-123.
[21]米会珍,朱利霞,沈玉芳,等.生物炭对旱作农田土壤有机碳及氮素在团聚体中分布的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2015,34(8):1550-1556.Mi Huizhen,Zhu Lixia,Shen Yufang,et al.Biochar effects on organic carbon and nitrogen in soil aggregates in semiarid farmland[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2015,34(8):1550-1556.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]刘震,徐明岗,段英华,等.长期不同施肥下黑土和红壤团聚体氮库分布特征[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(6):1386-1392.Liu Zhen,Xu Minggang,Duan Yinghua,et al.Distribution of nitrogen in aggregates of black soil and red soil under long-term fertilization[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2013,19(6):1386-1392.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]Ardón M,Morse J L,Colman B P,et al.Drought-induced saltwater incursion leads to increased wetland nitrogen export[J].Global Change Biology,2013,19(10):2976-2985.
[24]Jastrow J D.Soil aggregate formation and the accrual of particulate and mineral-associated organic matter[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1996,28:665-676.
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