NBA电视转播的叙事结构探究
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摘要
以传播学、叙事学的相关理论为基础,运用实地调查法、录像观察法、内容分析法、数理统计等研究方法,通过对2017—2018赛季NBA 82轮常规赛全部比赛录像的定性分析、对总决赛4场系列赛录像的近景、慢镜、字幕对位以及球员得分等相关要素进行定量分析,对NBA电视转播的叙事逻辑和语法进行理论探析,试图揭示NBA电视转播制作过程所遵循的相关规律及转播各个要素间的内在联系和内部规定性,为我国电视转播的制作提供理论基础并指导转播实践。研究结果表明:1) NBA电视转播的内在叙述机制主要包括真实作者、大叙述者、次要叙述者、真实读者四大要素,他们分别与电视转播制作团队、"大摄像师"、解说、字幕以及摄像视角相对应。2) NBA电视转播的叙述故事与事件的画面呈现中,按照篮球运动的规律呈现出比赛事件的逻辑性、人物之间的因果关联性以及故事与比赛的时间关系等。3) NBA电视转播在画面呈现的事件、情节、人物的塑造中,具有叙事多维重复性、球员故事线预设的主次性、事件表述的因果逻辑性等明显特征。
Based on the theories of communication and narratology,using methods of video observation,content analysis and mathematical statistics,this paper performed a qualitative analysis of the videos of 2017—2018 NBA eighty-two regular season games,conducted a quantitative analysis of the related elements of the four series of NBA finals including closeups,slowmotions,subtitle alignment and player scoring and probed into the narrative logic and grammar of NBA TV broadcasting from the theoretical perspective,hoping to reveal the relevant laws followed in the production process of NBA TV broadcasting and the internal relations and regulations among the various elements of broadcasting and provide the theoretical basis for the production of TV broadcasting in China and guide the practice of broadcasting. The research results showthat: 1) The intrinsic narrative mechanism of NBA TV broadcasting mainly includes four elements: real author,narrator,secondary narrator and real reader. They correspond to the production team,experienced cameraman,commentator,graphics and camera positions respectively; 2) In the presentation of narrative stories and events on NBA TV broadcasting,the logic of events,the causal relationship between characters and the time relationship between stories and games are presented in accordance with the lawof basketball games; 3) NBA TV broadcasting has the obvious characteristics of multidimensional repetition of narrative,the subordination of players' storyline presupposition,and the causal logic of event expression in the depiction of events,plots and characters.
Based on the theories of communication and narratology,using methods of video observation,content analysis and mathematical statistics,this paper performed a qualitative analysis of the videos of 2017—2018 NBA eighty-two regular season games,conducted a quantitative analysis of the related elements of the four series of NBA finals including closeups,slowmotions,subtitle alignment and player scoring and probed into the narrative logic and grammar of NBA TV broadcasting from the theoretical perspective,hoping to reveal the relevant laws followed in the production process of NBA TV broadcasting and the internal relations and regulations among the various elements of broadcasting and provide the theoretical basis for the production of TV broadcasting in China and guide the practice of broadcasting. The research results showthat: 1) The intrinsic narrative mechanism of NBA TV broadcasting mainly includes four elements: real author,narrator,secondary narrator and real reader. They correspond to the production team,experienced cameraman,commentator,graphics and camera positions respectively; 2) In the presentation of narrative stories and events on NBA TV broadcasting,the logic of events,the causal relationship between characters and the time relationship between stories and games are presented in accordance with the lawof basketball games; 3) NBA TV broadcasting has the obvious characteristics of multidimensional repetition of narrative,the subordination of players' storyline presupposition,and the causal logic of event expression in the depiction of events,plots and characters.
引文
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[3]西摩·查特曼.故事与话语:小说和电影的叙事结构[M].徐强,译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2013.
[4]安德烈·戈德罗,弗朗索瓦·诺斯特.什么是电影叙事学[M].北京:商务印书馆,2005:12-13.
[5]克里斯蒂安·麦茨.电影表意散论[M].巴黎:克兰克西埃克出版社,1968.
[6]亚里士多德,贺拉斯.诗学·诗艺[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2009:12.
[7]E. M.福斯特.小说面面观[M].冯涛,译.上海:上海译文出版社,2016.
[8]Seymour Chatman. Story and discourse-narrative structure in fiction and film[M]. America:Cornell University Press,1978.
[9]中国百科大辞典编委会.中国百科大辞典[M].北京:华夏出版社,2009.
[10]热拉尔·热奈特.叙事话语:新叙事话语[M].王文融,译.北京:社会科学出版社,1990.
[11]热拉尔·热奈特.修辞卷三[M].巴黎:瑟伊出版社,1972.