多层系油气藏时移地震匹配处理技术
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摘要
针对多层系油气藏开发过程中时移地震时差、相位、频率和能量累积效应所导致的处理难题,文中提出了基于多标准层的时移地震分层匹配处理技术。该技术通过选择多层系油气藏顶部、内部和底部稳定的非储层或未动用储层作为参考标准层,进行分层系匹配处理,能够有效消除多层系油气藏时移地震累积效应的影响。通过南海X油田的实际应用,取得了较好效果。
As is known,the exploration of multi-measures reservoir will cause a lot of time-lapsed seismic matching processing problems,such as time,phase,frequency,and energy difference accumulation caused by complex changes in multi-measures reservoir production.A new method called time-lapsed seismic matching processing technology based on multi-marker horizon is proposed in the paper.By using the stable non-reservoir or undeveloped reservoir at the top and emnploying the internal part and the bottom of the multimeasures reservoir as the reference marker horizon,the time-lapsed seismic matching processing for multi-reservoir is realized,which can effectively eliminate false appearance of lower reservoir time-lapsed seismic difference caused by upper reservoir development.It was applied effectively in X oil field of South China Sea.
As is known,the exploration of multi-measures reservoir will cause a lot of time-lapsed seismic matching processing problems,such as time,phase,frequency,and energy difference accumulation caused by complex changes in multi-measures reservoir production.A new method called time-lapsed seismic matching processing technology based on multi-marker horizon is proposed in the paper.By using the stable non-reservoir or undeveloped reservoir at the top and emnploying the internal part and the bottom of the multimeasures reservoir as the reference marker horizon,the time-lapsed seismic matching processing for multi-reservoir is realized,which can effectively eliminate false appearance of lower reservoir time-lapsed seismic difference caused by upper reservoir development.It was applied effectively in X oil field of South China Sea.
引文
[1] Johnston D H. Practical applications of time-lapse seismic data[M].Distinguished Instructor Series,2013.
[2]李绪宣,朱振宇,张金淼.中国海油地震勘探技术进展与发展方向[J].中国海上油气,2016,28(1):1-12.Li X X,Zhu Z Y,Zhang J M.The progress and direction of seismic exploration technology in CNOOC[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas,2016,28(1):1-12.
[3]凌云,黄旭日,高军,等.非重复性采集随时间推移地震勘探实例研究[J].石油物探,2007,46(3):231-248.Ling Y,Huang X R,Gao J,et al. Case study of non-repeatability acquisition in time-lapse seismic exploration[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2007,46(3):231-248.
[4]邬达理,李宗杰,蒋波,等.陆上非重复性时移地震资料处理存在的问题与对策[J].石油物探,2015,54(4):427-434.Wu D L,Li Z J,Jiang B,et al.The problems for land non-repeated time-lapse seismic data processing and its countermeasures[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2015,54(4):427-434.
[5]云美厚,丁伟,王新红.陆相薄互层油藏四维地震监测存在的问题与建议[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(4):444-450.Yun M H,Ding W,Wang X H. Problems existed in 4-D seismic monitoring of continental thin and interbedded reservoir and suggestions[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(4):444-450.
[6]苏云,李录明,刘艳华,等.互均衡技术及其在时移地震资料处理中的应用[J].石油物探,2009,48(3):247-251.Su Y,Li L M,Liu Y H,et al.Cross-equilibration technique and its application in time-lapse seismic data processing[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2009,48(3):247-251.
[7]云美厚,丁伟.层状介质时移时差属性分析[J].石油物探,2005,44(2):101-104.Yun M H,Ding W. The attributes analysis of time difference and time-lapse in layered medium[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2005,44(2):101-104.
[8]田楠,范廷恩,张会来,等.时移地震成果数据三维相关校正方法[J].物探化探计算技术,2017,39(4):515-521.Tian N,Fan T E,Zhang H L,et al. Spatial difference correction based on 3D correction for time-lapse seismic data[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2017,39(4):515-521.
[9]李强,尚新民,赵胜天,等.非一致性时移地震资料叠前互约束处理技术[J].物探与化探,2011,35(1):97-102.Li Q,Shang X M,Zhao S T,et al. Mutual constraint processing technology for inconsistency time-lapse seismic data[J].Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration,2011,35(1):97-102.
[10]郭念民,尚新民,刘欣欣,等.非重复性时移地震数据关键处理技术应用研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(4):581-592.Guo N M,Shang X M,Liu X X,et al. Key techniques for non-repeated time-lapse seismic data processing technology[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(4):581-592.
[11]郭念民,吴国忱,尚新民.互均化方法在非重复时移地震数据处理中的应用[J].石油物探,2011,50(6):600-606.Guo N M,Wu G C,Shang X M. Application of cross-equalization processing method in non-repeated time-lapse seismic data processing[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2011,50(6):600-606.
[12]尹成,葛子建,芮拥军,等.非一致性采集时移地震油藏监测可行性研究[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2014,36(1):170-180.Yin C,Ge Z J,R Y J,et al.Feasibility study on non-repeating acquired time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science&Technology Edition,2014,36(1):170-180.
[13]陈新荣,徐辉,傅金荣.非重复时移地震叠前互约束技术研究与应用[J].油气地球物理,2014,12(4):36-39.Chen X R,Xu H,Fu J R. The study and application of pre-stack multi-constraint technique in inconsistent time-lapse seismic processing[J].Petroleum Geophysics,2014,12(4):36-39.
[14]王延光.胜利油区时移地震技术应用研究与实践[J].油气地质与采收率,2012,19(1):50-54.Wang Y G.Study and application of time-lapse seismic in Shengli oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2012,19(1):50-54.
[15]张会来,胡光义,范廷恩,等.水驱油田时移地震剩余油表征方法及其应用研究[J].石油天然气学报,2014,36(11):64-68.Zhang H L,Hu G Y,Fan T E,et al.The time-lapse seismic remaining oil characterization technique and its application in water drive oilfield[J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2014,36(11):64-68.
[16]李绪宣,胡光义,范廷恩,等.海上油田时移地震技术适用条件及应用前景[J].中国海上油气,2015,27(6):48-52.Li X X,Hu G Y,Fan T E,et al. The application conditions and prospects of time-lapse seismic technology in offshore oilfield[J].China offshore oil and gas,2015,27(6):48-52.
[17]陈小宏,牟永光.四维地震油藏监测技术及其应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(6):707-715.Chen X H,Mu Y G.Four-dimensional seismic reservoir monitoring technique and its application[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1998,33(6):707-715.
[18]胡光义,王宗俊,范廷恩,等.南海A油田时移地震应用案例[G]//中国石油学会物探专业委员会.中国石油学会2017年物探技术研讨会论文集,2017:693-697.Hu G Y,Wang Z J,Fan T E,et al.A case study of the South China Sea A oilfield time-lapse seismic[G]//Chinese Petroleum Society Geophysical Prospecting Technology Conference Proceedings,2017:693-697.
[19]李春霞,曹代勇,黄旭日,等.时移地震在SAGD蒸汽腔数值模拟中的应用[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(6):86-89+145.Li C X,Cao D Y,Huang X R,et al.Application of time-lapse seismic in SAGD steam chamber simulation[J]. Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2016,23(6):86-89,145.
[20]田春志,陈小宏,张国才,等.时间推移地震数据体匹配研究及分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(6):635-639.Tian C Z,Chen X H,Zhang G C,et al. Matching study on timelapse seismic data volume and its analyses[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2002,37(6):635-639.
[21]金龙,陈小宏,李景叶.基于误差准则和循环迭代的时移地震匹配滤波方法[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(3):698-703.Jin L,Chen X H,Li J Y,et al.A new method for time-lapse seismic matching filter based on error criteria and cyclic iteration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(3):698-703.
[22] Rickett J E,Lumley D E. Cross-equalization data processing for time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring:A case study form the Gulf of Mexico[J].Geophysics,2001,66(4):1015-1025.
[23]丁伟.互均衡处理技术的分析与应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(1):17-23.Ding W.Analysis and application of cross-equalization processing technique[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(1):17-23.
[24]丘斌煌,李添才,周家雄,等.海上时移地震数据处理关键技术[J].物探与化探,2011,35(5):696-700.Qiu B H,Li T C,Zhou J X,et al.The key processing techniques for marine time-lapse seismic data[J]. Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration,2011,35(5):696-700.
[25]李蓉,胡天跃.时移地震资料处理中的互均衡技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(4):424-427.Li R,Hu T Y.Cross-equilibration technique in time-lapse seismic data processing[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2004,39(4):424-427.
[26] Ross C P,Cunningham G B,Weber D P.Inside the cross-equalization black box[J].The Leading Eage,1996,15(11):1233-1240.
[27] Martin L. Discrimination between pressure and fluid saturation changes from time-lapse seismic data[J]. Geophysics 2001,66(3):836-844.
[28] Marrio T,Rob A,Olwijn L,et al.Estimation of changes in saturation and pressure from 4D seismic AVO and time-shift analysis[J].Geophysics,2011,76(2):1-17.
[2]李绪宣,朱振宇,张金淼.中国海油地震勘探技术进展与发展方向[J].中国海上油气,2016,28(1):1-12.Li X X,Zhu Z Y,Zhang J M.The progress and direction of seismic exploration technology in CNOOC[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas,2016,28(1):1-12.
[3]凌云,黄旭日,高军,等.非重复性采集随时间推移地震勘探实例研究[J].石油物探,2007,46(3):231-248.Ling Y,Huang X R,Gao J,et al. Case study of non-repeatability acquisition in time-lapse seismic exploration[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2007,46(3):231-248.
[4]邬达理,李宗杰,蒋波,等.陆上非重复性时移地震资料处理存在的问题与对策[J].石油物探,2015,54(4):427-434.Wu D L,Li Z J,Jiang B,et al.The problems for land non-repeated time-lapse seismic data processing and its countermeasures[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2015,54(4):427-434.
[5]云美厚,丁伟,王新红.陆相薄互层油藏四维地震监测存在的问题与建议[J].石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(4):444-450.Yun M H,Ding W,Wang X H. Problems existed in 4-D seismic monitoring of continental thin and interbedded reservoir and suggestions[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2005,40(4):444-450.
[6]苏云,李录明,刘艳华,等.互均衡技术及其在时移地震资料处理中的应用[J].石油物探,2009,48(3):247-251.Su Y,Li L M,Liu Y H,et al.Cross-equilibration technique and its application in time-lapse seismic data processing[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2009,48(3):247-251.
[7]云美厚,丁伟.层状介质时移时差属性分析[J].石油物探,2005,44(2):101-104.Yun M H,Ding W. The attributes analysis of time difference and time-lapse in layered medium[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2005,44(2):101-104.
[8]田楠,范廷恩,张会来,等.时移地震成果数据三维相关校正方法[J].物探化探计算技术,2017,39(4):515-521.Tian N,Fan T E,Zhang H L,et al. Spatial difference correction based on 3D correction for time-lapse seismic data[J].Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2017,39(4):515-521.
[9]李强,尚新民,赵胜天,等.非一致性时移地震资料叠前互约束处理技术[J].物探与化探,2011,35(1):97-102.Li Q,Shang X M,Zhao S T,et al. Mutual constraint processing technology for inconsistency time-lapse seismic data[J].Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration,2011,35(1):97-102.
[10]郭念民,尚新民,刘欣欣,等.非重复性时移地震数据关键处理技术应用研究[J].石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(4):581-592.Guo N M,Shang X M,Liu X X,et al. Key techniques for non-repeated time-lapse seismic data processing technology[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2011,46(4):581-592.
[11]郭念民,吴国忱,尚新民.互均化方法在非重复时移地震数据处理中的应用[J].石油物探,2011,50(6):600-606.Guo N M,Wu G C,Shang X M. Application of cross-equalization processing method in non-repeated time-lapse seismic data processing[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2011,50(6):600-606.
[12]尹成,葛子建,芮拥军,等.非一致性采集时移地震油藏监测可行性研究[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2014,36(1):170-180.Yin C,Ge Z J,R Y J,et al.Feasibility study on non-repeating acquired time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science&Technology Edition,2014,36(1):170-180.
[13]陈新荣,徐辉,傅金荣.非重复时移地震叠前互约束技术研究与应用[J].油气地球物理,2014,12(4):36-39.Chen X R,Xu H,Fu J R. The study and application of pre-stack multi-constraint technique in inconsistent time-lapse seismic processing[J].Petroleum Geophysics,2014,12(4):36-39.
[14]王延光.胜利油区时移地震技术应用研究与实践[J].油气地质与采收率,2012,19(1):50-54.Wang Y G.Study and application of time-lapse seismic in Shengli oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2012,19(1):50-54.
[15]张会来,胡光义,范廷恩,等.水驱油田时移地震剩余油表征方法及其应用研究[J].石油天然气学报,2014,36(11):64-68.Zhang H L,Hu G Y,Fan T E,et al.The time-lapse seismic remaining oil characterization technique and its application in water drive oilfield[J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology,2014,36(11):64-68.
[16]李绪宣,胡光义,范廷恩,等.海上油田时移地震技术适用条件及应用前景[J].中国海上油气,2015,27(6):48-52.Li X X,Hu G Y,Fan T E,et al. The application conditions and prospects of time-lapse seismic technology in offshore oilfield[J].China offshore oil and gas,2015,27(6):48-52.
[17]陈小宏,牟永光.四维地震油藏监测技术及其应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(6):707-715.Chen X H,Mu Y G.Four-dimensional seismic reservoir monitoring technique and its application[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,1998,33(6):707-715.
[18]胡光义,王宗俊,范廷恩,等.南海A油田时移地震应用案例[G]//中国石油学会物探专业委员会.中国石油学会2017年物探技术研讨会论文集,2017:693-697.Hu G Y,Wang Z J,Fan T E,et al.A case study of the South China Sea A oilfield time-lapse seismic[G]//Chinese Petroleum Society Geophysical Prospecting Technology Conference Proceedings,2017:693-697.
[19]李春霞,曹代勇,黄旭日,等.时移地震在SAGD蒸汽腔数值模拟中的应用[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(6):86-89+145.Li C X,Cao D Y,Huang X R,et al.Application of time-lapse seismic in SAGD steam chamber simulation[J]. Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2016,23(6):86-89,145.
[20]田春志,陈小宏,张国才,等.时间推移地震数据体匹配研究及分析[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(6):635-639.Tian C Z,Chen X H,Zhang G C,et al. Matching study on timelapse seismic data volume and its analyses[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2002,37(6):635-639.
[21]金龙,陈小宏,李景叶.基于误差准则和循环迭代的时移地震匹配滤波方法[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(3):698-703.Jin L,Chen X H,Li J Y,et al.A new method for time-lapse seismic matching filter based on error criteria and cyclic iteration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2005,48(3):698-703.
[22] Rickett J E,Lumley D E. Cross-equalization data processing for time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring:A case study form the Gulf of Mexico[J].Geophysics,2001,66(4):1015-1025.
[23]丁伟.互均衡处理技术的分析与应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(1):17-23.Ding W.Analysis and application of cross-equalization processing technique[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2007,42(1):17-23.
[24]丘斌煌,李添才,周家雄,等.海上时移地震数据处理关键技术[J].物探与化探,2011,35(5):696-700.Qiu B H,Li T C,Zhou J X,et al.The key processing techniques for marine time-lapse seismic data[J]. Geophysical&Geochemical Exploration,2011,35(5):696-700.
[25]李蓉,胡天跃.时移地震资料处理中的互均衡技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2004,39(4):424-427.Li R,Hu T Y.Cross-equilibration technique in time-lapse seismic data processing[J]. Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2004,39(4):424-427.
[26] Ross C P,Cunningham G B,Weber D P.Inside the cross-equalization black box[J].The Leading Eage,1996,15(11):1233-1240.
[27] Martin L. Discrimination between pressure and fluid saturation changes from time-lapse seismic data[J]. Geophysics 2001,66(3):836-844.
[28] Marrio T,Rob A,Olwijn L,et al.Estimation of changes in saturation and pressure from 4D seismic AVO and time-shift analysis[J].Geophysics,2011,76(2):1-17.