交流量子电压标准研究综述
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摘要
相比于传统的实物电压标准,基于约瑟夫森效应建立的交流量子电压标准,具有复现性好、稳定性高和不确定度低等优点。从物理原理、存在问题以及应用价值等角度出发,梳理、归纳先后发展起来的可编程约瑟夫森电压标准和脉冲驱动的交流约瑟夫森电压标准,并比较这两种量子电压标准的计量性能,介绍我国构建交流量子电压标准的现状及进展。
Compared to the conventional voltage standards, Josephson voltage standards are more reproducible, stable and accurate. The principles, problems and applications of programmable Josephson voltage standards and pulse-driven AC Josephson voltage standards are reviewed. Moreover, their differences in metrological performance are compared and their developments in China are also presented.
Compared to the conventional voltage standards, Josephson voltage standards are more reproducible, stable and accurate. The principles, problems and applications of programmable Josephson voltage standards and pulse-driven AC Josephson voltage standards are reviewed. Moreover, their differences in metrological performance are compared and their developments in China are also presented.
引文
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[2]薛寿清,李红晖,刘瑞珉,等.1V及10V约瑟夫森结阵电压标准[J].现代计量测试,1993,(2):23-26.
[3]胡毅飞,周庚如,王路,等.10V直流电压标准研究[J].计量学报,2000,21(3):205-209.
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[6]王曾敏,高原,李红晖.建立新一代约瑟夫森电压基准——正弦量子电压信号的合成[J].仪器仪表学报,2010,31(9):1965-1971.
[7]Toonen R C,Benz S P.Nonlinear behavior of electronic components characterized with precision multitones from a Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer[J].IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2009,19(3):715-718.
[8]Benz S P,Hamilton C A.A pulse-driven programmable Josephson voltage standard[J].Applied Physics Letters,1996,68(22):3171-3173.
[9]Josephson B D.Possible new effects in superconductive tunnelling[J].Physics Letters,1962,1(7):251-253.
[10]李天初,李明寿,林平卫,等.NIM4~#激光冷却-铯原子喷泉钟——新一代国家时间频率基准[J].计量学报,2004,25(3):193-197.
[11]Behr R,Kieler 0,Kohlmann J,et al.Development and metrological applications of Josephson arrays at PTB[J].Measurement Science and Technology,2012,23(12):124002.
[12]Rüfenacht A,Burroughs C J,Benz S P,et al.Precisiondifferential sampling measurements of low-frequency synthesized sine waves with an AC programmable Josephson voltage standard[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2009,58(4):809-815.
[13]Amagai Y,Maruyama M,Fujiki H.Sampling measurement using a programmable Josephson voltage standard system toward low-frequency AC voltage standard[C]//CPEM,USA,Washington,2012.
[14]Kim M S,Kim K T,Kim W S,et al.Sampling measurements of low-frequency waveforms based on the Josephson voltage standard[C]//CPEM,Korea,Daejeon,2010.
[15]Lee J,Behr R,Palafox L,et al.An ac quantum voltmeter based on a 10 V programmable Josephson array[J].Metrologia,2013,50(6):612-622.
[16]Waltrip B C,Gong B,Nelson T L,et al.AC power standard using a programmable Josephson voltage standard[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2009,58(4):1041-1048.
[17]Djokic B.Low-frequency quantum-based AC power standard at NRC Canada[C]//CPEM,USA,Washington,2012.
[18]Gao Y,Li H,Wang Z.Magnetic flux measurement with binary Josephson system[C]//CPEM,USA,Washington,2012.
[19]Benz S P,Waltman S B,Fox A E,et al.One-volt Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer[J].IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2015,25(1):1300108.
[20]张建强.量子电压标定的噪声温度计系统完善[D].杭州:中国计量学院,2012.
[21]Brom H E,Houtzager E.Voltage lead corrections for a pulse-driven ac Josephson voltage standard[J].Measurement Science and Technology,2012,23(12):124007.
[22]Filipski P S,Kinard J R,Lipe T E,et al.Correction of systematic errors due to the voltage leads in an AC Josephson voltage standard[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2009,58(4):853-858.
[23]Benz S P,Dresselhaus P D,Rtifenacht A,et al.Progress toward a 1 V pulse-driven AC Josephson voltage standard[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2009,58(4):838-843.
[24]Behr R,Kieler O,Bauer S,et al.Development of a1 V pulse-driven Josephson voltage standard[C]//CPEM,Brazil,2014.
[25]Vasan B K,Sudani S K,Chen D J,et al.Lowdistortion sine wave generation using a novel harmonic cancellation technique[J].IEEE Transactions on Circuits and SystemsⅠ:Regular Papers,2013,60(5):1122-1134.
[26]Benz S P.Synthesizing accurate voltages with superconducting quantum-based standards[J].IEEE Instrumentation&Measurement Magazine,2010,13(3):8-13.
[27]Rietveld G,Zhao D,Kramer C,et al.Characterization of a wideband digitizer for power measurements up to 1MHz[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2011,60(7):2195-2201.
[28]Qu J,Benz S P,Pollarolo A,et al.Improved electronic measurement of the Boltzmann constant by Johnson noise thermometry[J].Metrologia,2015,52(5):S242-S256.
[29]Benz S P,Pollarolo A,Qu J,et al.An electronic measurement of the Boltzmann constant[J].Metrologia,2011,48(3):142-153.
[30]Urano C,Yamada T,Maezawa M,et al.Measurement of Boltzmann constant using superconducting integrated circuit[C]//CPEM,Canada,Ottawa,2016.
[31]Nam S W,Benz S P,Dresselhaus P D,et al.Johnson noise thermometry measurements using a quantized voltage noise source for calibration[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2003,52(2):550-554.
[32]王曾敏,高原,李红晖.交流约瑟夫森电压合成装置的研究[J].计量学报,2012,33(2):154-157.
[33]Wang G,Zhang Z,Li Z,et al.Uncertainty estimation of non-ideal analog switches using programmable Josephson voltage standards for mutual inductance measurement in the joule balance[J].Measurement Science and Technology,2016,27(2):025010.
[34]付云丰,屈继峰,张建强,等.噪声温度计中新型数字相关器设计[J].计量学报,2014,35(4):335-338.
[35]Zhou K,Qu J,Benz S P.Zero-compensation method and reduced inductive voltage error for the ac Josephson voltage standard[J].IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2015,25(5):1400806.
[36]Cao W,Li J,Zhong Y,et al.Developing Josephson junction array chips for microvolt applications[J].Chinese Physics B,2016,25(5):057401.
[37]郭小玮,迟宗涛,曹文会,等.约瑟夫森结阵器件的研究进展[J].计量学报,2013,34(4):378-382.
[2]薛寿清,李红晖,刘瑞珉,等.1V及10V约瑟夫森结阵电压标准[J].现代计量测试,1993,(2):23-26.
[3]胡毅飞,周庚如,王路,等.10V直流电压标准研究[J].计量学报,2000,21(3):205-209.
[4]Tang Y,Ojha V N,Schlamminger S,et al.A 10 V programmable Josephson voltage standard and its applications for voltage metrology[J].Metrologia,2012,49(6):635-643.
[5]Kaneko N,Maruyama M,Urano C,et al.Review of Josephson waveform synthesis and possibility of new operation method by multibit delta-sigma modulation and thermometer code for its further advancement[J].Japanese Journal of Applied Physics,2012,51(1R):010116.
[6]王曾敏,高原,李红晖.建立新一代约瑟夫森电压基准——正弦量子电压信号的合成[J].仪器仪表学报,2010,31(9):1965-1971.
[7]Toonen R C,Benz S P.Nonlinear behavior of electronic components characterized with precision multitones from a Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer[J].IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2009,19(3):715-718.
[8]Benz S P,Hamilton C A.A pulse-driven programmable Josephson voltage standard[J].Applied Physics Letters,1996,68(22):3171-3173.
[9]Josephson B D.Possible new effects in superconductive tunnelling[J].Physics Letters,1962,1(7):251-253.
[10]李天初,李明寿,林平卫,等.NIM4~#激光冷却-铯原子喷泉钟——新一代国家时间频率基准[J].计量学报,2004,25(3):193-197.
[11]Behr R,Kieler 0,Kohlmann J,et al.Development and metrological applications of Josephson arrays at PTB[J].Measurement Science and Technology,2012,23(12):124002.
[12]Rüfenacht A,Burroughs C J,Benz S P,et al.Precisiondifferential sampling measurements of low-frequency synthesized sine waves with an AC programmable Josephson voltage standard[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2009,58(4):809-815.
[13]Amagai Y,Maruyama M,Fujiki H.Sampling measurement using a programmable Josephson voltage standard system toward low-frequency AC voltage standard[C]//CPEM,USA,Washington,2012.
[14]Kim M S,Kim K T,Kim W S,et al.Sampling measurements of low-frequency waveforms based on the Josephson voltage standard[C]//CPEM,Korea,Daejeon,2010.
[15]Lee J,Behr R,Palafox L,et al.An ac quantum voltmeter based on a 10 V programmable Josephson array[J].Metrologia,2013,50(6):612-622.
[16]Waltrip B C,Gong B,Nelson T L,et al.AC power standard using a programmable Josephson voltage standard[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2009,58(4):1041-1048.
[17]Djokic B.Low-frequency quantum-based AC power standard at NRC Canada[C]//CPEM,USA,Washington,2012.
[18]Gao Y,Li H,Wang Z.Magnetic flux measurement with binary Josephson system[C]//CPEM,USA,Washington,2012.
[19]Benz S P,Waltman S B,Fox A E,et al.One-volt Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer[J].IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2015,25(1):1300108.
[20]张建强.量子电压标定的噪声温度计系统完善[D].杭州:中国计量学院,2012.
[21]Brom H E,Houtzager E.Voltage lead corrections for a pulse-driven ac Josephson voltage standard[J].Measurement Science and Technology,2012,23(12):124007.
[22]Filipski P S,Kinard J R,Lipe T E,et al.Correction of systematic errors due to the voltage leads in an AC Josephson voltage standard[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2009,58(4):853-858.
[23]Benz S P,Dresselhaus P D,Rtifenacht A,et al.Progress toward a 1 V pulse-driven AC Josephson voltage standard[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2009,58(4):838-843.
[24]Behr R,Kieler O,Bauer S,et al.Development of a1 V pulse-driven Josephson voltage standard[C]//CPEM,Brazil,2014.
[25]Vasan B K,Sudani S K,Chen D J,et al.Lowdistortion sine wave generation using a novel harmonic cancellation technique[J].IEEE Transactions on Circuits and SystemsⅠ:Regular Papers,2013,60(5):1122-1134.
[26]Benz S P.Synthesizing accurate voltages with superconducting quantum-based standards[J].IEEE Instrumentation&Measurement Magazine,2010,13(3):8-13.
[27]Rietveld G,Zhao D,Kramer C,et al.Characterization of a wideband digitizer for power measurements up to 1MHz[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2011,60(7):2195-2201.
[28]Qu J,Benz S P,Pollarolo A,et al.Improved electronic measurement of the Boltzmann constant by Johnson noise thermometry[J].Metrologia,2015,52(5):S242-S256.
[29]Benz S P,Pollarolo A,Qu J,et al.An electronic measurement of the Boltzmann constant[J].Metrologia,2011,48(3):142-153.
[30]Urano C,Yamada T,Maezawa M,et al.Measurement of Boltzmann constant using superconducting integrated circuit[C]//CPEM,Canada,Ottawa,2016.
[31]Nam S W,Benz S P,Dresselhaus P D,et al.Johnson noise thermometry measurements using a quantized voltage noise source for calibration[J].IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,2003,52(2):550-554.
[32]王曾敏,高原,李红晖.交流约瑟夫森电压合成装置的研究[J].计量学报,2012,33(2):154-157.
[33]Wang G,Zhang Z,Li Z,et al.Uncertainty estimation of non-ideal analog switches using programmable Josephson voltage standards for mutual inductance measurement in the joule balance[J].Measurement Science and Technology,2016,27(2):025010.
[34]付云丰,屈继峰,张建强,等.噪声温度计中新型数字相关器设计[J].计量学报,2014,35(4):335-338.
[35]Zhou K,Qu J,Benz S P.Zero-compensation method and reduced inductive voltage error for the ac Josephson voltage standard[J].IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity,2015,25(5):1400806.
[36]Cao W,Li J,Zhong Y,et al.Developing Josephson junction array chips for microvolt applications[J].Chinese Physics B,2016,25(5):057401.
[37]郭小玮,迟宗涛,曹文会,等.约瑟夫森结阵器件的研究进展[J].计量学报,2013,34(4):378-382.