益生菌对乳鸽生长、免疫及与生长相关基因表达的影响
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摘要
本试验探讨在种鸽饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌和乳酸菌对乳鸽生长性能、免疫性能及与生长相关基因表达的影响。选取相同繁殖周期的种鸽108对和同日出雏的1日龄乳鸽324只,每对种鸽哺育3只乳鸽,乳鸽测初始体质量后随机分成对照组(A组)、抗生素组(B组)和7个试验组(C～I组),每组6个重复,每个重复2对种鸽和6只乳鸽。A组饲喂基础日粮,B组为基础日粮+150 mg/kg金霉素,C～I试验组分别在基础日粮中加入5×10~7,1×10~8,2×10~8 CFU/kg丁酸梭菌制剂、5×10~9 CFU/kg乳酸菌以及5×10~9 CFU/kg乳酸菌+5×10~7 CFU/kg丁酸梭菌、5×10~9 CFU/kg乳酸菌+1×10~8 CFU/kg丁酸梭菌、5×10~9 CFU/kg乳酸菌+2×10~8 CFU/kg丁酸梭菌。试验期28 d。结果显示,与A组相比,G、H、I组显著提高了乳鸽28日龄体质量和平均日增重(P<0.05);与A、B组相比,各试验组均不同程度提高了乳鸽免疫器官指数和血清中免疫球蛋白G (IgG)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)的含量,整体上以D组和复合制剂组效果最好;D、G、H、I组的GHR基因表达量显著高于A组(P<0.05);除B、E、F组外,其余各组的IGF-1基因的表达量显著高于对照A组(P<0.05)。结果表明,在种鸽饲粮中添加丁酸梭菌和乳酸菌能促进乳鸽生长、提高机体免疫力并促进与生长有关基因的表达。本试验单一菌种以1×10~8 CFU/kg剂量的丁酸梭菌制剂即D组效果最好,复合组以H组即5×10~9 CFU/kg乳酸菌+1×10~8 CFU/kg丁酸梭菌制剂组最好,且整体上复合制剂组效果优于单一制剂组。
Purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of Clostridium butyrate and Lactobacillus on growth performance,immune performance and gene expression of growth related to squabs.108 pairs of pigeons of the same breeding period and 324 pairs of 1-day-old squabs with the same breeding period were selected.After weighing their initial body weight,the squabs were randomly divided into control group(group A),antibiotic group(group B)and 7 experimental groups(group C-I),with 6 replicates of 2 pairs of pigeons and 6 squabs each.Group A was fed with basic diet,Group B was fed with 150 mg/kg chlortetracycline,and the experimental group C-I were fed with 5×107,1×108,2×108 CFU/kg Clostridium butyrate,5×109 CFU/kg lactic acid bacteria,5×109 CFU/kg lactic acid bacteria+5×107 CFU/kg Clostridium butyrate,5×109 CFU/kg lactic acid bacteria+1×108 CFU/kg Clostridium butyrate,2×108 CFU/kg Clostridium butyrate+5×109 CFU/kg lactic acid bacteria.The test period was 28 days.Compared with group A,the body weight at 28 days of age and average daily gain of squabs were significantly increased in G,H,I groups(P<0.05).Compared with A,B groups,the immune organ index of pigeon and the content of immunoglobulin G(IgG)and immunoglobulin A(IgA)in serum were increased in all experimental groups.On the whole,the effect of the D and the compound preparation group was the best.The expression of GHR gene was significantly higher in group D,G,H,I than that in control group(P<0.05),and the expression of IGF-1 gene in other groups was significantly higher than that in control group except B,E,F groups(P<0.05).To sum up,probiotics can promote the growth of squabs,enhance immunity and promote the expression of growth-related genes.Under the experimental conditions,the single strain of Clostridium butyrate at the dose of 1×108 CFU/kg was the best in D group,and the compound group was the best in H group(5×109 CFU/kg lactic acid bacteria+1×108 CFU/kg Clostridium butyrate),and the overall effect of the compound preparation group was better than that of the single preparation group.
Purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of Clostridium butyrate and Lactobacillus on growth performance,immune performance and gene expression of growth related to squabs.108 pairs of pigeons of the same breeding period and 324 pairs of 1-day-old squabs with the same breeding period were selected.After weighing their initial body weight,the squabs were randomly divided into control group(group A),antibiotic group(group B)and 7 experimental groups(group C-I),with 6 replicates of 2 pairs of pigeons and 6 squabs each.Group A was fed with basic diet,Group B was fed with 150 mg/kg chlortetracycline,and the experimental group C-I were fed with 5×107,1×108,2×108 CFU/kg Clostridium butyrate,5×109 CFU/kg lactic acid bacteria,5×109 CFU/kg lactic acid bacteria+5×107 CFU/kg Clostridium butyrate,5×109 CFU/kg lactic acid bacteria+1×108 CFU/kg Clostridium butyrate,2×108 CFU/kg Clostridium butyrate+5×109 CFU/kg lactic acid bacteria.The test period was 28 days.Compared with group A,the body weight at 28 days of age and average daily gain of squabs were significantly increased in G,H,I groups(P<0.05).Compared with A,B groups,the immune organ index of pigeon and the content of immunoglobulin G(IgG)and immunoglobulin A(IgA)in serum were increased in all experimental groups.On the whole,the effect of the D and the compound preparation group was the best.The expression of GHR gene was significantly higher in group D,G,H,I than that in control group(P<0.05),and the expression of IGF-1 gene in other groups was significantly higher than that in control group except B,E,F groups(P<0.05).To sum up,probiotics can promote the growth of squabs,enhance immunity and promote the expression of growth-related genes.Under the experimental conditions,the single strain of Clostridium butyrate at the dose of 1×108 CFU/kg was the best in D group,and the compound group was the best in H group(5×109 CFU/kg lactic acid bacteria+1×108 CFU/kg Clostridium butyrate),and the overall effect of the compound preparation group was better than that of the single preparation group.
引文
[1] 李仰白.光照对白羽王鸽生产性能、激素水平及相关基因表达的影响[D].江苏扬州:扬州大学,2017.
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[3] 王永芬,赵志军,席磊,等.单一菌种与复合菌种益生菌制剂对蛋鸡生产效果研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2011(11):28-31.
[4] 刘亭婷,滑静,王晓霞,等.丁酸梭菌对蛋用仔公鸡生长性能、免疫指标及空肠组织相关细胞因子基因mRNA表达的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(7):1302-1310.
[5] 田浪,何彦侠,侯月娥,等.复合益生菌制剂对黄羽肉鸡生产性能、抗氧化指标及免疫功能的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2017,37(8):1540-1544.
[6] 于娜,郑捷,朱振元,等.黄芪渣虫草发酵物对白羽王鸽免疫活性的影响[J].天津科技大学学报,2017,32(2):13-18.
[7] 李玉鹏,李海花,王柳懿,等.丁酸梭菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道屏障功能和血清细胞因子含量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(8):2961-2968.
[8] 王晶,许丽,袁玲,等.同源乳酸菌对雏鸡生长性能和盲肠菌群的影响[J].中国饲料,2009,15:24-26.
[9] YANG C M,CAO G T,FERKET P R,et al.Effects of probiotic,Clostridium butyricum,on growth performance,immune function,and cecal microflora in broiler chickens[J].Poult Sci,2012,91:2121-2129.
[10] 邓文,焦玉萍,徐彬,等.丁酸梭菌和低聚木糖对肉鸡生产性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响[J].中国家禽,2017,39(7):24-28.
[11] 徐子涵,徐丽.不同剂型乳酸菌对雏鸡生长性能和小肠黏膜形态的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(10):1812-1818.
[12] JEONG H L,SANG Y K,JUN Y L,et al.Effect of dietary live or killed kimchi lactic acid bacteria on growth performance,nutrient utilization,gut microbiota and meat characteristics in broiler chicken[J].Korean J Poult Sci,2013,40:57-65.
[13] 贾志新.丁酸梭菌对樱桃谷肉鸭生长性能、免疫和抗氧化功能及肠道食糜VFA含量的影响[D].江苏南京:南京农业大学,2014.
[14] 章文明,汪海峰,刘建新.乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展[J].动物营养学报,2012(24):389-396.
[15] 马晓婷,吴盈萍,赵晓钰,等.乳酸菌对蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能、蛋品质及发酵粪中NH3、H2S浓度的影响[J].中国饲料,2017(9):5-9.
[16] 陈晓帅,杨海明,孟俊,等.复合益生菌制剂对乳鸽生长性能、脏器指数和血清生化指标的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(15):150-152.
[17] 王劲松,陈志峰,马志刚,等.益生菌制剂对仔鹅生长性能、血清免疫球蛋白及免疫器官指数的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2009,40(11):81-85.
[18] 喻婷,邓兵,张金凤,等.饲料中添加丁酸梭菌、粪肠球菌对樱桃谷肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性状的影响[J].饲料工业,2012,33(24):58-61.
[19] 陈晓帅,杨海明,孟俊,等.复合益生菌制剂对白羽王鸽生长性能、屠宰性能、免疫器官指数和血清生化指标的影响[J].中国家禽,2016,38(16):33-37.
[20] 陈功义,郝振芳.乳酸菌微生态制剂对白羽王鸽生产性能及免疫机能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(8):2450-2455.
[21] 陈晓帅,杨海明,孟俊,等.益生菌对乳鸽生长性能、屠宰性能、免疫器官指数和血清生化指标的影响[J].中国饲料,2017(9):26-34.
[22] WILSON M R,VAN RAVENSTEIN E,MILLER NW,et al.cDNA sequences and organization of IgM heavy chain genes in two holostean fish[J].Dev Comp Immunol,19(2):153-164.
[23] RIVAS A L,FABRICANT J.Indications of immunodepression in chickens infected with various strains of Marek’s disease virus[J].Avian Dis,32(1):1-8.
[24] SUN P,WANG J Q,ZHANG H T.Effects of Bacillus subtilisnatto on performance and immune function of preweaning calves[J].J Dairy Sci,2010,93(12):5851-5855.
[25] 刘辉,季海峰,王四新,等.益生菌对生长猪生长性能、粪便微生物数量、养分表观消化率和血清免疫指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(3):829-837.
[26] 杜泓明,汪晓东,王晓磊,等.不同益生菌培养物对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫功能及血液生化指标的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2017,37(7):1379-1384.
[27] MAO J,COGBURN L,BURNSIDE J,et al.Growth hormone down-regulates growth hormone receptor mRNA in chickens but developmental increases in growth hormone receptor mRNA occur independently of growth hormone action[J].Mol Cell Endocrinol,129(2):135-143.
[28] 周骏.肉鸽生长及相关IGF-1基因多态和组织表达规律研究[D].安徽合肥:安徽农业大学,2015.
[29] 廖秀东.丁酸梭菌的筛选及其对动物抗氧化能力和肉鸡肉品质影响的研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.
[30] 李天杰.益生菌对蛋鸡生产性能及肠道微生物变化与基因表达研究[D].四川雅安:四川农业大学,2016.
[31] HALEVY O,HODIK V,METT A,et al.The effects of growth hormone on avian skeletal muscle satelliteb cell proliferation and differentiation[J].Gen Comp Endocrinol,101(1):43-52.
[2] 何翔,屠云洁,苏一军,等.白羽王鸽屠宰性能及肉品质研究[J].江苏农业科学,2010(2):215-217.
[3] 王永芬,赵志军,席磊,等.单一菌种与复合菌种益生菌制剂对蛋鸡生产效果研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2011(11):28-31.
[4] 刘亭婷,滑静,王晓霞,等.丁酸梭菌对蛋用仔公鸡生长性能、免疫指标及空肠组织相关细胞因子基因mRNA表达的影响[J].动物营养学报,2012,24(7):1302-1310.
[5] 田浪,何彦侠,侯月娥,等.复合益生菌制剂对黄羽肉鸡生产性能、抗氧化指标及免疫功能的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2017,37(8):1540-1544.
[6] 于娜,郑捷,朱振元,等.黄芪渣虫草发酵物对白羽王鸽免疫活性的影响[J].天津科技大学学报,2017,32(2):13-18.
[7] 李玉鹏,李海花,王柳懿,等.丁酸梭菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道屏障功能和血清细胞因子含量的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(8):2961-2968.
[8] 王晶,许丽,袁玲,等.同源乳酸菌对雏鸡生长性能和盲肠菌群的影响[J].中国饲料,2009,15:24-26.
[9] YANG C M,CAO G T,FERKET P R,et al.Effects of probiotic,Clostridium butyricum,on growth performance,immune function,and cecal microflora in broiler chickens[J].Poult Sci,2012,91:2121-2129.
[10] 邓文,焦玉萍,徐彬,等.丁酸梭菌和低聚木糖对肉鸡生产性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响[J].中国家禽,2017,39(7):24-28.
[11] 徐子涵,徐丽.不同剂型乳酸菌对雏鸡生长性能和小肠黏膜形态的影响[J].动物营养学报,2011,23(10):1812-1818.
[12] JEONG H L,SANG Y K,JUN Y L,et al.Effect of dietary live or killed kimchi lactic acid bacteria on growth performance,nutrient utilization,gut microbiota and meat characteristics in broiler chicken[J].Korean J Poult Sci,2013,40:57-65.
[13] 贾志新.丁酸梭菌对樱桃谷肉鸭生长性能、免疫和抗氧化功能及肠道食糜VFA含量的影响[D].江苏南京:南京农业大学,2014.
[14] 章文明,汪海峰,刘建新.乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展[J].动物营养学报,2012(24):389-396.
[15] 马晓婷,吴盈萍,赵晓钰,等.乳酸菌对蛋鸡产蛋后期生产性能、蛋品质及发酵粪中NH3、H2S浓度的影响[J].中国饲料,2017(9):5-9.
[16] 陈晓帅,杨海明,孟俊,等.复合益生菌制剂对乳鸽生长性能、脏器指数和血清生化指标的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(15):150-152.
[17] 王劲松,陈志峰,马志刚,等.益生菌制剂对仔鹅生长性能、血清免疫球蛋白及免疫器官指数的影响[J].东北农业大学学报,2009,40(11):81-85.
[18] 喻婷,邓兵,张金凤,等.饲料中添加丁酸梭菌、粪肠球菌对樱桃谷肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性状的影响[J].饲料工业,2012,33(24):58-61.
[19] 陈晓帅,杨海明,孟俊,等.复合益生菌制剂对白羽王鸽生长性能、屠宰性能、免疫器官指数和血清生化指标的影响[J].中国家禽,2016,38(16):33-37.
[20] 陈功义,郝振芳.乳酸菌微生态制剂对白羽王鸽生产性能及免疫机能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(8):2450-2455.
[21] 陈晓帅,杨海明,孟俊,等.益生菌对乳鸽生长性能、屠宰性能、免疫器官指数和血清生化指标的影响[J].中国饲料,2017(9):26-34.
[22] WILSON M R,VAN RAVENSTEIN E,MILLER NW,et al.cDNA sequences and organization of IgM heavy chain genes in two holostean fish[J].Dev Comp Immunol,19(2):153-164.
[23] RIVAS A L,FABRICANT J.Indications of immunodepression in chickens infected with various strains of Marek’s disease virus[J].Avian Dis,32(1):1-8.
[24] SUN P,WANG J Q,ZHANG H T.Effects of Bacillus subtilisnatto on performance and immune function of preweaning calves[J].J Dairy Sci,2010,93(12):5851-5855.
[25] 刘辉,季海峰,王四新,等.益生菌对生长猪生长性能、粪便微生物数量、养分表观消化率和血清免疫指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(3):829-837.
[26] 杜泓明,汪晓东,王晓磊,等.不同益生菌培养物对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫功能及血液生化指标的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2017,37(7):1379-1384.
[27] MAO J,COGBURN L,BURNSIDE J,et al.Growth hormone down-regulates growth hormone receptor mRNA in chickens but developmental increases in growth hormone receptor mRNA occur independently of growth hormone action[J].Mol Cell Endocrinol,129(2):135-143.
[28] 周骏.肉鸽生长及相关IGF-1基因多态和组织表达规律研究[D].安徽合肥:安徽农业大学,2015.
[29] 廖秀东.丁酸梭菌的筛选及其对动物抗氧化能力和肉鸡肉品质影响的研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2015.
[30] 李天杰.益生菌对蛋鸡生产性能及肠道微生物变化与基因表达研究[D].四川雅安:四川农业大学,2016.
[31] HALEVY O,HODIK V,METT A,et al.The effects of growth hormone on avian skeletal muscle satelliteb cell proliferation and differentiation[J].Gen Comp Endocrinol,101(1):43-52.
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