人工智能技术条件下“人的全面发展”向何处去——兼论新技术下劳动的一般特征
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摘要
劳动是人类存在的本质形态。马克思从历史唯物主义和实践唯物主义出发,直击资本主义要害,提出"异化劳动"理论,对资本主义社会中的"人"进行考察,为我们研究现实中人的全面发展问题提供了视角和方法。在人工智能技术经济范式下,劳动主体、劳动内涵、劳动分工、劳动生产率、劳动的社会功能都将发生深刻变化,并通过生产系统载体变革,催生促进人的全面发展的劳动机遇。这种变化为技术革命中停滞过剩人口向"完整的人"过渡提供了条件,服务于人的全面发展的新兴行业将逐渐兴起,劳动由生存手段向发展手段转变越来越明显,教育与生产深度融合将是新的生产力条件下"劳动方式—人的发展"这一哲学纽带的新模式。
Labor is the essential form of human existence. Starting from historical materialism and practical materialism,Marx directly attacked the key points of capitalism, proposed the theory of"alienated labor", and inspected the"people"in capitalist society, providing a perspective and method for us to study the comprehensive development of human beings in reality.Based on this, the article starts from the analysis of the artificial intelligence technology economic paradigm, and explores the impact of new technology on"human labor"and"human comprehensive development". It is believed that the labor subject, labor connotation, labor division, labor productivity and the social function of labor will undergo profound changes in the application process of artificial intelligence technology, and through the transformation of production system carrier, it will promote the labor opportunity for people to develop comprehensively. This change has provided conditions for the transition of the stagnant population to the"complete person"in the technological revolution. The emerging industries that serve the"all-round development of people"will gradually emerge, and the transformation of labor from means of survival to development will become more and more obvious. The deep integration of education and production will be a new model of the philosophical ties of"labor mode--human development"under the new conditions of productivity.
Labor is the essential form of human existence. Starting from historical materialism and practical materialism,Marx directly attacked the key points of capitalism, proposed the theory of"alienated labor", and inspected the"people"in capitalist society, providing a perspective and method for us to study the comprehensive development of human beings in reality.Based on this, the article starts from the analysis of the artificial intelligence technology economic paradigm, and explores the impact of new technology on"human labor"and"human comprehensive development". It is believed that the labor subject, labor connotation, labor division, labor productivity and the social function of labor will undergo profound changes in the application process of artificial intelligence technology, and through the transformation of production system carrier, it will promote the labor opportunity for people to develop comprehensively. This change has provided conditions for the transition of the stagnant population to the"complete person"in the technological revolution. The emerging industries that serve the"all-round development of people"will gradually emerge, and the transformation of labor from means of survival to development will become more and more obvious. The deep integration of education and production will be a new model of the philosophical ties of"labor mode--human development"under the new conditions of productivity.
引文
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[2]马克思恩格斯选集(第1卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,2012.
[3]马克思恩格斯全集(第1卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1960.
[4]黄群慧,贺俊.“第三次工业革命”与中国经济发展战略调整——技术经济范式转变的视角[J].中国工业经济,2013,(1).
[5]WADHWA,VIVEK.Why It’s China’s Turn to Worry about Manufacturing[N].Washington Post,2012-01-11.
[6]佩德罗·多明戈斯.终极算法:机器学习和人工智能如何重塑世界[M].黄芳萍,译.北京:中信出版集团,2017.
[7]AGION P,HOWITT P.Endogenous Groeth Theroy[M].Cambridge:MIT Press,1998.
[8]SHAPIRO C,VARIAN H R.Information rules:a strategic guide to the network economy[M].Harvard:Harvard Business School Press,1998.
[9]贾根良.第三次工业革命与工业智能化[J].中国社会科学,2016,(6):87-106.
[10]乌尔里希·森德勒.工业4.0:即将来袭的第四次工业革命[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2014.
[11]PISANO,GARY,SHIH,WILLY.Does America Really Need Manufacturing[J].Harvard Business Review,2012,(3):94-102.
[12]黄群慧.中国如何应对第三次工业革命的挑战[J].中国党政干部论坛,2013,(10):15-18.
[13]马克思.机器、燃力和科学的应用[M].北京:人民出版社,1978.
[14]马克思恩格斯全集(第12卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1960.
[15]马克思恩格斯全集(第46卷下册)[M].北京:人民出版社,1980.
[16]马克思恩格斯选集(第3卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1995.
[17]马克思恩格斯全集(第5卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,2009.
[18]马克思恩格斯文集(第8卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,2009.
[19]裴斯泰洛齐.西方资产阶级教育论著选[M].张焕庭,译.北京:人民教育出版社,1979.
[20]马克思恩格斯全集(第2卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1957.
[21]马克思.哥达纲领批判[M].北京:人民出版社,2015.
[22]马克思恩格斯全集(第26卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1972.
[23]马克思恩格斯全集(第3卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,1980.
[24]马克思恩格斯文集(第1卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,2009.
[25]马克思.资本论(第1卷)[M].北京:人民出版社,2008.