艾滋病患者敌意心理的结构式访谈结果分析
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摘要
目的了解艾滋病患者的敌意心理状况及其影响因素,为防控患者的敌意心理提供科学依据。方法采用自编的结构式访谈问卷,对南宁市2个医疗机构门诊的艾滋病患者进行面对面个别访谈,获有效问卷1 516份。计算每位患者的敌对因子得分。当因子分<1.5为无敌意,1.5~1.9为轻度敌意,2.0~2.5为中度敌意,>2.5为重度敌意;描述不同敌对程度患者的分布情况。利用多重线性回归分析敌对因子得分的影响因素。结果无敌意心理者1 253人(82.7%),有敌意心理者263人(17.3%);其中轻度敌意者187人(12.3%),中度及重度敌意者76人(5.0%);常常有想打人或伤害他人的冲动者15人(1.0%)。敌对因子总分在性别、生活习惯、环境、业余锻炼、坚持吃药、睡眠情况、心理健康状况、对"四免一关怀"的了解、主动求助专业机构等组内的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多重线性回归分析发现,对心理健康状况的自我评价(X_1)、睡眠情况(X_2)、生活习惯(X_3)及性别(X_4)四个自变量进入回归方程:Y=7.270-0.546X_1+0.177X_2+0.124X_3+0.191X_4。结论艾滋病患者中具有明显敌意心理者较少,其敌意心理的产生与生活习惯、自身心理健康状况及对社会资源的了解等方面有关。
Objective To investigate the status of hostile psychology and its influencing factors in AIDS patients,and provide the basis for prevention and control of patients' hostile psychology. Methods Using self-compiled questionnaire of structured interview, AIDS patients from the outpatient departments of two medical institutions in Nanning, Guangxi were interviewed face to face, and 1 516 effective questionnaires were collected and analysed. The hostility score of each patient was calculated, the score <1.5, 1.5-1.9, 2.0-2.5 and>2.5 was considered as no-hostile, mild hostile, moderate and high hostile psychology, respectively; and the proportion of each hostile level in the patients was described. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to explore the influencing factors of hostility score. Results In the all patients interviewed 1 253(82.7%) did not have hostile psychology, 263(17.3%) patients had a hostile psychology with 187(12.3%) patients being mild hostile and 76(5.0%) patients moderate or high hostile,while only 15(1.0%) patients always having impulsions to hit or hurt others. The hostility scores of AIDS patients in differen groups of sex, living habits, living environment, physical exercises, insisting on taking the medicines, sleep condition, self-evaluating mental health, understanding of the national policy of "four free and one care", actively seeking helps from professional institutions were statistically significant different(P < 0.05). When the hostility score(Y)was set as the dependent variable, there were four independent variables( self-evaluating mental health, sleep condition, living habits and sex) stepwise entering the regression equation(Y=7.270-0.546 X_1+ 0.177 X_2+0.124 X_3+0.191 X_4). Conclusions AIDS patients with hostile psychology was very few, and the generation of hostile psychology was connected with living habits, their mental health and understanding of the social resources.
Objective To investigate the status of hostile psychology and its influencing factors in AIDS patients,and provide the basis for prevention and control of patients' hostile psychology. Methods Using self-compiled questionnaire of structured interview, AIDS patients from the outpatient departments of two medical institutions in Nanning, Guangxi were interviewed face to face, and 1 516 effective questionnaires were collected and analysed. The hostility score of each patient was calculated, the score <1.5, 1.5-1.9, 2.0-2.5 and>2.5 was considered as no-hostile, mild hostile, moderate and high hostile psychology, respectively; and the proportion of each hostile level in the patients was described. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to explore the influencing factors of hostility score. Results In the all patients interviewed 1 253(82.7%) did not have hostile psychology, 263(17.3%) patients had a hostile psychology with 187(12.3%) patients being mild hostile and 76(5.0%) patients moderate or high hostile,while only 15(1.0%) patients always having impulsions to hit or hurt others. The hostility scores of AIDS patients in differen groups of sex, living habits, living environment, physical exercises, insisting on taking the medicines, sleep condition, self-evaluating mental health, understanding of the national policy of "four free and one care", actively seeking helps from professional institutions were statistically significant different(P < 0.05). When the hostility score(Y)was set as the dependent variable, there were four independent variables( self-evaluating mental health, sleep condition, living habits and sex) stepwise entering the regression equation(Y=7.270-0.546 X_1+ 0.177 X_2+0.124 X_3+0.191 X_4). Conclusions AIDS patients with hostile psychology was very few, and the generation of hostile psychology was connected with living habits, their mental health and understanding of the social resources.
引文
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[13]张泽坤,孙业桓,吴红燕,等.血源性艾滋病流行地区艾滋病病人、HIV感染者自评健康及其影响因素研究[J].中国行为医学科学,2008,17(1):37-40.
[14]曹德明,单文娜,高晓丽,等.艾滋病引发的情绪反应及心理关怀对策[J].中国初级卫生保健,2012,26(12):45-47.
[15]张晓琳,朱海燕,李树杰.昆明市HIV感染者/AIDS患者生存质量、社会支持和攻击性的关系[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2015,23(9):1307-1310.
[16]Wu Z,Sullivan SG,Wang Y,et al.Evolution of China’s response to HIV/AIDS[J].Lancet,2007,369(9562):679-690.
[17]杨正波.艾滋病患者的心理问题与心理护理分析[J].中国医药指南,2011,9(32):193-194.
[2]徐鹏,韩琳,曾刚,等.我国预防控制经性途径传播艾滋病的政策变迁及趋势分析[J].中国卫生政策研究,2013,6(7):64-70.
[3]洪音,刘雨莹,何昊,等.艾滋病患者的个性心理特征分析[J].基层医学论坛,2015,19(32):4550-4551.
[4]张曼华.心理社会因素与艾滋病[J].中国艾滋病性病,2007,13(4):396-397.
[5]潘菊凤,姜萍,叶英,等.艾滋病患者心理健康状况调查与分析[J].护士进修杂志,2016,31(10):948-949.
[6]王跃,韩云萍,王娟.云南省38例艾滋病住院患者心理健康调查[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2012,20(1):23-24.
[7]徐宜可.浅论艾滋病犯罪及其预防和控制[J].法制与社会,2008(10):250-251.
[8]Derogatis L R.How to use the Symptom Distress Checklist(SCL-90)in clinical evaluations[M].Basle:Hoffmann-La Roche Inc,1975:22-36.
[9]高剑波,杨学华,滕录霞,等.艾滋病人心理问题的探讨及其应对策略[J].医学与哲学(人文社会医学版),2008,29(8):41-42.
[10]余秀芬.艾滋病患者的心理护理[J].医学信息,2009,22(12):2951.
[11]Moneyham L,Murdaush C,Philips K,et al.Patterns of risk of depressive symptoms among HIV-positive women in the Southeastern United States[J].J Assoe Nurses AIDS Care,2005,16(4):25-38.
[12]Olapegba PO.Predicting mental health of people living with HIV/AIDS(PLWHA):the role of psychosocial factors[J].J Ham Ecol,2005,18(1):69-72.
[13]张泽坤,孙业桓,吴红燕,等.血源性艾滋病流行地区艾滋病病人、HIV感染者自评健康及其影响因素研究[J].中国行为医学科学,2008,17(1):37-40.
[14]曹德明,单文娜,高晓丽,等.艾滋病引发的情绪反应及心理关怀对策[J].中国初级卫生保健,2012,26(12):45-47.
[15]张晓琳,朱海燕,李树杰.昆明市HIV感染者/AIDS患者生存质量、社会支持和攻击性的关系[J].中国健康心理学杂志,2015,23(9):1307-1310.
[16]Wu Z,Sullivan SG,Wang Y,et al.Evolution of China’s response to HIV/AIDS[J].Lancet,2007,369(9562):679-690.
[17]杨正波.艾滋病患者的心理问题与心理护理分析[J].中国医药指南,2011,9(32):193-194.