河南省小麦肉鸡代谢能预测方程的建立
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摘要
本试验采用化学分析和肉鸡代谢试验建立了河南省小麦养分含量与代谢能的回归方程。试验1:选取河南省11种不同的成熟小麦,测定概略养分含量和容重,分析养分含量变化范围。试验2:用小麦、次粉、麸皮、面粉按照总戊聚糖含量梯度配制人工小麦,再添加一定量的维生素和矿物质,配制成人工小麦代谢饲粮。选取常规饲养的商品代罗斯308雄性白羽肉鸡进行代谢试验,分别在11～13日龄和25～27日龄,用全收粪法测定人工小麦代谢饲粮的表观代谢能(AME)、真代谢能(TME)、氮校正表观代谢能(AMEn)和氮校正真代谢能(TMEn),并采用逐步回归法建立AME、TME、AMEn和TMEn的回归方程。结果表明:1)河南省小麦粗脂肪(EE)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)及总磷(TP)含量的变异系数相对较大,分别为16.67%、15.84%、14.96%、19.32%。2)肉鸡对人工小麦代谢饲粮的养分表观代谢率在11～13日龄和25～27日龄存在差异,25～27日龄肉鸡对人工小麦代谢饲粮ADF、粗纤维(CF)的表观代谢率高于11～13日龄,AME、TME、AMEn和TMEn也高于11～13日龄。3)采用逐步回归法建立河南省小麦肉鸡代谢能的预测方程为:11～13日龄,AME=14.628-0.184NDF (R2=0.842,P<0.01),TM E=15. 49-0. 197NDF (R2=0. 854,P <0. 01),AM En=14. 571-0. 184NDF (R2=0.847,P<0.01),TM En=15. 49-0. 197NDF (R2=0. 854,P <0. 01); 25～27日龄,AM E=15.462-0.217NDF (R2=0. 797,P <0. 01),TM E=16. 124-0. 214NDF (R2=0. 809,P <0. 01),AM En=15.179-0.208NDF (R2=0.801,P<0.01),TM En=16.123-0.214NDF (R2=0.809,P <0.01)。4)通过预测方程计算所得人工小麦代谢饲粮AME、TME、AMEn和TMEn的预测值与实测值很接近,计算所得的河南省小麦AME、TME、AMEn和TMEn符合预期值。由此得出,不同品种河南省小麦之间EE、NDF、ADF及TP的含量差异相对较大;不同日龄阶段的肉鸡对小麦代谢能存在差异,设计肉鸡饲粮配方时,不同阶段饲粮代谢能应采用对应的代谢能值;低于14日龄的肉鸡,预测方程为AME=14.628-0.184NDF,TME=15.49-0.197NDF,AMEn=14.571-0.184NDF,TM En=15.49-0. 197NDF; 14日龄以上的肉鸡,预测方程为AM E=15. 462-0.217NDF,TM E=16.124-0.214NDF,AM En=15.179-0.208NDF,TM En=16.123-0.214NDF。
This study aimed to establish the regression equations for metabolizable energy of wheat in Henan province for broilers based on nutrient contents by the methods of chemical analysis and metabolic test for broilers. In trial 1,eleven kinds of mature wheat in Henan province were used to measure the nutrient contents and volume-weigh,and to analyze the variation ranges of nutrient contents. In trial 2,artificial wheat metabolizable diets were formulated by artificial wheat and a certain amounts of vitamins and minerals,and the artificial wheat were formulated by wheat,wheat middling,flour and wheat bran based on the graded level of total pentosan. Rose 308 broilers raised as normal production were used to complete metabolism test at 11 to 13 days of age and 25 to 27 days of age by the total collection method. The apparent metabolizable energy( AM E),true metabolizable energy( TM E),nitrogen corrected apparent metabolizable energy( AM En) and nitrogen corrected true metabolizable energy( TM En) of artificial wheat metabolizable diets for broilers were measured,and the stepwise regression method was used to establish regression equations for AM E,TM E,AM En and TM En.The results showed as follows: 1) the variance coefficients for the contents of ether extract( EE),neutral detergent fiber( NDF),acid detergent fiber( ADF) and total phosphorus( TP) of wheat in Henan province were relatively larger,and they were 16. 67%,15. 84%,14. 96% and 19. 32%,respectively. 2) There were differences in the nutrient apparent digestibility of artificial wheat metabolizable diets for broilers between 11 to13 days of age and 25 to 27 days of age. Among them,broilers fed artificial wheat metabolizable diets at 25 to27 days of age had greater ADF and crude fiber( CF) apparent digestibility than those at 11 to 13 days of age,and the AM E,TM E,AM En and TM En at 25 to 27 days of age were higher than those at 11 to 13 days of age.3) The prediction equations for metabolizable energy of wheat in Henan province for broilers using stepwise regression method showed as follows: AM E = 14.628-0.184 NDF( R2= 0.842,P<0.01),TM E = 15.49-0.197 NDF( R2= 0. 854,P < 0. 01),AM En = 14. 571-0. 184 NDF( R2= 0. 847,P < 0. 01) and TM En = 15. 49-0.197 NDF( R2= 0. 854,P < 0. 01) for 11 to 13 days of age; AM E = 15. 462-0. 217 NDF( R2= 0. 797,P <0.01),TM E = 16.124-0. 214 NDF( R2= 0. 809,P < 0. 01),AM En = 15. 179-0. 208 NDF( R2= 0. 801,P <0.01) and TM En = 16.123-0.214 NDF( R2= 0.809,P<0.01) for 25 to 27 days of age. 4) The calculated values of AM E,TM E,AM En,and TM En for artificial wheat metabolizable diets using prediction equations were close to the measure values,and the calculated values of AM E,TM E,AM En and TM En for wheat in Henan province met the excepted values. In conclusion,the difference of contents of EE,NDF,ADF and TP of wheat in Henan province are relatively larger among different varieties. The metabolizable energy of wheat in different ages of broilers is different,when designing broiler diet formula,the metabolizable energy of diet should be correspondingly used in different stages. The prediction equations for AM E,TM E,AM En and TM En of wheat in Henan province are AM E = 14. 628-0. 184 NDF,TM E = 15. 49-0. 197 NDF,AM En =14.571-0.184 NDF and TM En = 15.49-0.197 NDF for broilers less than 14 days of age,and AM E = 15.462-0.217 NDF,TM E = 16. 124-0. 214 NDF,AM En = 15. 179-0. 208 NDF and TM En = 16. 123-0. 214 NDF for broilers more than 14 days of age.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 6) : 2614-2624]
This study aimed to establish the regression equations for metabolizable energy of wheat in Henan province for broilers based on nutrient contents by the methods of chemical analysis and metabolic test for broilers. In trial 1,eleven kinds of mature wheat in Henan province were used to measure the nutrient contents and volume-weigh,and to analyze the variation ranges of nutrient contents. In trial 2,artificial wheat metabolizable diets were formulated by artificial wheat and a certain amounts of vitamins and minerals,and the artificial wheat were formulated by wheat,wheat middling,flour and wheat bran based on the graded level of total pentosan. Rose 308 broilers raised as normal production were used to complete metabolism test at 11 to 13 days of age and 25 to 27 days of age by the total collection method. The apparent metabolizable energy( AM E),true metabolizable energy( TM E),nitrogen corrected apparent metabolizable energy( AM En) and nitrogen corrected true metabolizable energy( TM En) of artificial wheat metabolizable diets for broilers were measured,and the stepwise regression method was used to establish regression equations for AM E,TM E,AM En and TM En.The results showed as follows: 1) the variance coefficients for the contents of ether extract( EE),neutral detergent fiber( NDF),acid detergent fiber( ADF) and total phosphorus( TP) of wheat in Henan province were relatively larger,and they were 16. 67%,15. 84%,14. 96% and 19. 32%,respectively. 2) There were differences in the nutrient apparent digestibility of artificial wheat metabolizable diets for broilers between 11 to13 days of age and 25 to 27 days of age. Among them,broilers fed artificial wheat metabolizable diets at 25 to27 days of age had greater ADF and crude fiber( CF) apparent digestibility than those at 11 to 13 days of age,and the AM E,TM E,AM En and TM En at 25 to 27 days of age were higher than those at 11 to 13 days of age.3) The prediction equations for metabolizable energy of wheat in Henan province for broilers using stepwise regression method showed as follows: AM E = 14.628-0.184 NDF( R2= 0.842,P<0.01),TM E = 15.49-0.197 NDF( R2= 0. 854,P < 0. 01),AM En = 14. 571-0. 184 NDF( R2= 0. 847,P < 0. 01) and TM En = 15. 49-0.197 NDF( R2= 0. 854,P < 0. 01) for 11 to 13 days of age; AM E = 15. 462-0. 217 NDF( R2= 0. 797,P <0.01),TM E = 16.124-0. 214 NDF( R2= 0. 809,P < 0. 01),AM En = 15. 179-0. 208 NDF( R2= 0. 801,P <0.01) and TM En = 16.123-0.214 NDF( R2= 0.809,P<0.01) for 25 to 27 days of age. 4) The calculated values of AM E,TM E,AM En,and TM En for artificial wheat metabolizable diets using prediction equations were close to the measure values,and the calculated values of AM E,TM E,AM En and TM En for wheat in Henan province met the excepted values. In conclusion,the difference of contents of EE,NDF,ADF and TP of wheat in Henan province are relatively larger among different varieties. The metabolizable energy of wheat in different ages of broilers is different,when designing broiler diet formula,the metabolizable energy of diet should be correspondingly used in different stages. The prediction equations for AM E,TM E,AM En and TM En of wheat in Henan province are AM E = 14. 628-0. 184 NDF,TM E = 15. 49-0. 197 NDF,AM En =14.571-0.184 NDF and TM En = 15.49-0.197 NDF for broilers less than 14 days of age,and AM E = 15.462-0.217 NDF,TM E = 16. 124-0. 214 NDF,AM En = 15. 179-0. 208 NDF and TM En = 16. 123-0. 214 NDF for broilers more than 14 days of age.[Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31( 6) : 2614-2624]
引文
[1]王永伟.肉仔鸡小麦表观有效能值测定[D].硕士学位论文.北京:中国农业科学院,2009.
[2]陈思.小麦肉鸡代谢能和氨基酸消化率预测模型构建[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2018.
[3]ROUDI P S,GOLIAN A,SEDGHI M.Metabolizable energy and digestible amino acid prediction of w heat using mathematical models[J].Poultry Science,2012,91(8):2055-2062.
[4]SCOTT T A,SILVERSIDES F G,CLASSEN H L,et al.Effect of cultivar and environment on the feeding value of w estern Canadian w heat and barley samples w ith and w ithout enzyme supplementation[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,1998,78(4):649-656.
[5]GUTIRREZ-ALAMO A,DE AYALA P P,VER-STEGEN M W A,et al.Variability in w heat:factors affecting its nutritional value[J].Worlds Poultry Science Journal,2008,64(1):20-39.
[6]马尹鹏.不同地区小麦、大麦主要营养成分差异比较及黄羽肉鸡对其代谢率研究[D].硕士学位论文.扬州:扬州大学,2016.
[7]RAVINDRAN V,JOHNSTON S,CAMDEN B J,et al.Influence of storage of New Zealand w heats on energy availability for poultry[J/OL].Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition in Australia,2001,13.http://livestocklibrary.com.au/.
[8]马宁.蛋鸡品种与谷物水分对玉米、小麦代谢能值影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2016.
[9]FUENTE J M,DE AYALA P P,FLORES A,et al.Effect of storage time and dietary enzyme on the metabolizable energy and digesta viscosity of barleybased diets for poultry[J].Poultry Science,1998,77(1):90-97.
[10]赵峰,张子仪.对家禽饲料代谢能值评定方法中若干误区的探讨[J].动物营养学报,2006,18(1):1-5.
[11]MELOCHE K J,KERR B J,SHURSON G C,et al.Apparent metabolizable energy and prediction equations for reduced-oil corn distillers dried grains w ith solubles in broiler chicks from 10 to 18 days of age[J].Poultry Science,2013,92(12):3176-3183.
[12]刘世杰,刘国华,娄瑞颍,等.我国饲用小麦指标的变异度分析[J].饲料工业,2011,32(20):46-49.
[13]王绍中,李春喜,章练红,等.小麦品质生态及品质区划研究Ⅰ.河南省小麦品质现状及地区差异[J].河南农业科学,1995(10):3-10.
[14]周晓容.肉鸡饲粮中木聚糖与木聚糖酶关系的研究[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2003.
[15]程宝晶,陈志辉,李仲玉,等.不同水溶性阿拉伯木聚糖含量小麦日粮对肉仔鸡生长性能、屠体性状和血液生化指标的影响[J].中国饲料,2015(14):22-25,29.
[16]王璐,肖志斌,呙于明,等.东北玉米肉鸡表观代谢能预测方程的建立[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(10):3496-3505.
[17]WAN H F,CHEN W,QI Z L,et al.Prediction of true metabolizable energy from chemical composition of w heat milling by-products for ducks[J].Poultry Science,2009,88(1):92-97.
[18]ZHAO F,ZHANG H F,HOU S S,et al.Predicting metabolizable energy of normal corn from its chemical composition in adult Pekin ducks[J].Poultry Science,2008,87(8):1603-1608.
[19]中华人民共和国农业部.NY/T 33-2004鸡饲养标准[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.
[2]陈思.小麦肉鸡代谢能和氨基酸消化率预测模型构建[D].硕士学位论文.杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2018.
[3]ROUDI P S,GOLIAN A,SEDGHI M.Metabolizable energy and digestible amino acid prediction of w heat using mathematical models[J].Poultry Science,2012,91(8):2055-2062.
[4]SCOTT T A,SILVERSIDES F G,CLASSEN H L,et al.Effect of cultivar and environment on the feeding value of w estern Canadian w heat and barley samples w ith and w ithout enzyme supplementation[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,1998,78(4):649-656.
[5]GUTIRREZ-ALAMO A,DE AYALA P P,VER-STEGEN M W A,et al.Variability in w heat:factors affecting its nutritional value[J].Worlds Poultry Science Journal,2008,64(1):20-39.
[6]马尹鹏.不同地区小麦、大麦主要营养成分差异比较及黄羽肉鸡对其代谢率研究[D].硕士学位论文.扬州:扬州大学,2016.
[7]RAVINDRAN V,JOHNSTON S,CAMDEN B J,et al.Influence of storage of New Zealand w heats on energy availability for poultry[J/OL].Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition in Australia,2001,13.http://livestocklibrary.com.au/.
[8]马宁.蛋鸡品种与谷物水分对玉米、小麦代谢能值影响的研究[D].硕士学位论文.泰安:山东农业大学,2016.
[9]FUENTE J M,DE AYALA P P,FLORES A,et al.Effect of storage time and dietary enzyme on the metabolizable energy and digesta viscosity of barleybased diets for poultry[J].Poultry Science,1998,77(1):90-97.
[10]赵峰,张子仪.对家禽饲料代谢能值评定方法中若干误区的探讨[J].动物营养学报,2006,18(1):1-5.
[11]MELOCHE K J,KERR B J,SHURSON G C,et al.Apparent metabolizable energy and prediction equations for reduced-oil corn distillers dried grains w ith solubles in broiler chicks from 10 to 18 days of age[J].Poultry Science,2013,92(12):3176-3183.
[12]刘世杰,刘国华,娄瑞颍,等.我国饲用小麦指标的变异度分析[J].饲料工业,2011,32(20):46-49.
[13]王绍中,李春喜,章练红,等.小麦品质生态及品质区划研究Ⅰ.河南省小麦品质现状及地区差异[J].河南农业科学,1995(10):3-10.
[14]周晓容.肉鸡饲粮中木聚糖与木聚糖酶关系的研究[D].硕士学位论文.雅安:四川农业大学,2003.
[15]程宝晶,陈志辉,李仲玉,等.不同水溶性阿拉伯木聚糖含量小麦日粮对肉仔鸡生长性能、屠体性状和血液生化指标的影响[J].中国饲料,2015(14):22-25,29.
[16]王璐,肖志斌,呙于明,等.东北玉米肉鸡表观代谢能预测方程的建立[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(10):3496-3505.
[17]WAN H F,CHEN W,QI Z L,et al.Prediction of true metabolizable energy from chemical composition of w heat milling by-products for ducks[J].Poultry Science,2009,88(1):92-97.
[18]ZHAO F,ZHANG H F,HOU S S,et al.Predicting metabolizable energy of normal corn from its chemical composition in adult Pekin ducks[J].Poultry Science,2008,87(8):1603-1608.
[19]中华人民共和国农业部.NY/T 33-2004鸡饲养标准[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2004.
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