氯化聚氯乙烯膜微观结构及其性能影响因素的研究
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摘要
采用非溶剂致相分离法制备了氯化聚氯乙烯(CPVC)膜,考察了铸膜液的聚合物含量与温度、凝胶浴温度与凝胶浴中溶剂含量对CPVC膜微观结构及其性能影响.结果表明,铸膜液的聚合物含量与温度、凝胶浴中溶剂质量分数在60%以下及凝胶浴温度为20℃以下时,CPVC膜的断面均为致密皮层、指状孔及大孔支撑层构成的非对称膜;凝胶浴中溶剂质量分数达到80%及凝胶浴温度在30℃以上时,CPVC膜断面变为多孔皮层和海绵状结构构成的非对称膜,在所研究范围内,CPVC膜对牛血清蛋白(BSA)的截留率在87%以上,膜的水通量范围为111~1 287.89L/(m~2·h).与文献比较,CPVC膜的过滤性能及机械性能均远优于聚氯乙烯(PVC)膜.
In this paper,chlorinated polyvinyl chloride(CPVC)membrane was prepared by non-solvent induced phase separation method,then the influence of membrane processing conditions(polymer content of the casting solution,the casting solution temperature,the gel bath composition and the the gel bath temperature)on microstructure and performance of CPVC membrane were investigated.It was found that different polymer content and temperature of the casting solution and temperature in the research area,or the solvent content in the gel bath was lower than 60%,or the temperature of the gel bath was below20 ℃,the CPVC membrane,which had dense layer surface and macroporous support layer in the crosssection and nonporous surface,was asymmetric.In addition,when the gel bath composition reached 80%,or the gel bath temperature was above 30 ℃,large conical macroporous membrane structure was changed into sponge-like structure,and small holes appeared in the membrane surface.It was found that the rejection was always avbove 87%,and the minimum water flux was 111L/(m2·h)in the research area,while the maximum water flux was 1 297L/(m2·h).The results showed that the properties of CPVC membrane were much better than PVC membrane.
In this paper,chlorinated polyvinyl chloride(CPVC)membrane was prepared by non-solvent induced phase separation method,then the influence of membrane processing conditions(polymer content of the casting solution,the casting solution temperature,the gel bath composition and the the gel bath temperature)on microstructure and performance of CPVC membrane were investigated.It was found that different polymer content and temperature of the casting solution and temperature in the research area,or the solvent content in the gel bath was lower than 60%,or the temperature of the gel bath was below20 ℃,the CPVC membrane,which had dense layer surface and macroporous support layer in the crosssection and nonporous surface,was asymmetric.In addition,when the gel bath composition reached 80%,or the gel bath temperature was above 30 ℃,large conical macroporous membrane structure was changed into sponge-like structure,and small holes appeared in the membrane surface.It was found that the rejection was always avbove 87%,and the minimum water flux was 111L/(m2·h)in the research area,while the maximum water flux was 1 297L/(m2·h).The results showed that the properties of CPVC membrane were much better than PVC membrane.
引文
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[21]吴俊,王军,蒋淑红,等.PVC-SPES共混膜的制备及其在废水处理中的应用研究[J].水处理技术,2014,40(12):29-34.
[22]赵梓年,许昆鹏,文志红.PU/PVC共混超滤膜的制备及性能[J].塑料科技,2005,6:23-26
[23]Jiang S H,Wang J,Chen Y C.Poly(vinyl chloride)and poly(ether sulfone)-g-poly(ether glycol)methyl ether methacrylate blend membranes with improved ultrafiltration performance and fouling resistance[J].J Appl Polym Sci,2015,132(21):41726.
[2]许桂连.氯化聚氯乙烯(CPVC)结构与性能的关系研究[D].北京:北京化工大学,2006:4-14.
[3]朱德钦,生瑜.兰明荣.PVC/CPVC复合材料的力学与耐热性能研究[J].聚氯乙烯,2005,3:19-20.
[4]刘家桢,苏延磊.聚氯乙烯/氯化聚氯乙烯多孔膜的制备及改性研究[D].天津:天津大学,2013:20-44.
[5]Kang S,Lee Y M.The Influence of membrane surface properties on fouling in a membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment[J].Sep Sci Technol,2005,39(4):833-854.
[6]Liu J Z,Su Y L,Peng J M,et al.Preparation and performance of antifouling PVC/CPVC blend ultrafiltration membranes[J].Ind Eng Chem Res,2012,51(24):8308-8314.
[7]周红中,吴俊,王军.制膜工艺条件对PVC/SPES共混膜性能的影响[J].膜科学与技术,2015,35(3):21-30.
[8]左丹英.溶液相转化法制备PVDF微孔膜过程中的结构控制及其性能研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2005.
[9]Li S,Heijman S G J,Van Dijk J C.Application of backwashing with demineralized water for UF fouling control in UF-RO desalination[J].Water Sci Technol,2011,11(3):364-369.
[10]张力平,陈国伟,唐焕威.纤维素微纳晶体制备复合超滤膜材料的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2008,30(4):1-6.
[11]赵后昌,皇甫风云,白云东,等.PSF/PES共混超滤膜的性能研究[J].化工新型材料,2010,38(5):97-99.
[12]Huang Z Q,Chen Z Y,Guo X P,et al.Structures and separation properties of PAN-Fe3 O4 ultrafiltration membranes prepared under an orthogonal magnetic field[J].Ind Eng Chem Res,2006,45(23):7905-7912.
[13]Huang B N,Wang J N,Li C J,Preparation and properties of electrospun fibrous membrance with adjustable mechanical properties and wetting behavior[J].Acta Polym Sin,2012,9:929-936.
[14]王军,奚旦立,徐大同,等.聚氯乙烯中空纤维膜的研制[J].膜科学与技术,2002,22(4):7-12.
[15]张结来.聚偏氟乙烯熔体的流变特性[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2006,22(2):123-129.
[16]俞三传,高从堦.进入沉淀相转化法制膜[J].膜科学与技术,2000,20(5):36-41.
[17]Marcel M著,李琳译.膜技术基本原理[M]//北京:清华大学出版社,1999:106-124.
[18]叶茜,许美兰,廖文超,等.凝胶浴组成对聚偏氟乙烯结构性能的影响[J].厦门理工学院学报,2012,20(4):74-78.
[19]Sun Y L,Sun M H,Cheng W D,et al.The examination of water potentials by simulating viscosity[J].Comput Mater Sci,2007,38(4):737-740.
[20]夏清,贾绍义.化工原理(下册)[M]//天津:天津大学出版社,2011:338-339.
[21]吴俊,王军,蒋淑红,等.PVC-SPES共混膜的制备及其在废水处理中的应用研究[J].水处理技术,2014,40(12):29-34.
[22]赵梓年,许昆鹏,文志红.PU/PVC共混超滤膜的制备及性能[J].塑料科技,2005,6:23-26
[23]Jiang S H,Wang J,Chen Y C.Poly(vinyl chloride)and poly(ether sulfone)-g-poly(ether glycol)methyl ether methacrylate blend membranes with improved ultrafiltration performance and fouling resistance[J].J Appl Polym Sci,2015,132(21):41726.