锦江翘嘴鲌性腺发育的组织学研究
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摘要
为研究锦江翘嘴鲌Culter alburnus性腺发育特征,通过生物学解剖和常规石蜡组织切片观察,对沅江支流锦江翘嘴鲌性腺及生殖细胞发育的周年变化特征进行了研究。结果表明:精巢属于小叶型结构,其发育分为6个时期,精母细胞发育分为5个阶段,即精原细胞、初级精母细胞、次级精母细胞、精子细胞及精子;雌鱼性腺发育分为6个时期,卵母细胞发育分为6个时相,第Ⅰ时相核仁出现,数量在第Ⅱ和第Ⅲ时相逐渐增多,第Ⅱ时相出现单层滤泡膜和卵黄核,第Ⅲ时相卵黄核消失,滤泡膜分化出两层,液泡和放射带出现,晚期卵黄颗粒可见,第Ⅳ时相卵黄大量积累,液泡被挤压到细胞质外缘,晚期核偏位,第Ⅴ时相细胞质中充满卵黄颗粒,并融合成块状,细胞核消失,卵膜内缘有皮质泡明显可见,第Ⅵ时相未排出的成熟卵以颗粒细胞形式被分解吸收,在第Ⅱ至Ⅵ时相的卵母细胞中都存在退化细胞。研究表明,卵母细胞和精母细胞的发育均表现出不同步特征,本研究结果可为锦江翘嘴鲌的资源保护和人工繁育提供数据参考。
Morphological and histological development of gonad and germ cells were annually observed in topmouth culter Culter alburnus with body weight of(22.2-2587.5)g by paraffin section technique and H.E staining method. The topmouth culter had testis made up of lobules with spermatogenic cells in cysts, and the development of testis was divided into 6 stages. Spermatogenesis experienced 5 phases: spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, spermatid, and spermatozoa, and the developments of ovary were divided into 6 stages, and oogenesis experienced 6 phases. The nucleoli were observed at phase Ⅰ, and increased in number at following phase Ⅱ and Ⅲ. The follicle membrane and yolk nuclei were found at phase Ⅱ, yolk nuclei disappeared at phase Ⅲ, and yolk granules appeared at the late phase Ⅲ, at the same phase follicle membrane differentiated into two layers, the vacuole was formed and changed from one layer to a multilayer, with a light red flocculent area in each of it. The zona radiata were presented at the surface of egg membrane from phase Ⅲ to Ⅴ, yolk granules accumulated at phase Ⅳ, vacuoles were squeezed at the outer edge of cytoplasm, and the nuclei deviated to the edge at late phase Ⅳ. The oocytes were filled with yolk granules at phase Ⅴ, being fused into pieces, and nuclei disappeared, and cortical alveolus became evident. The unspawned ova were broken down and absorbed at phase Ⅵ, and lifted a lot of postovulatory follicles in the oocyte. There existed degenerated cells in the oocyte from phase Ⅱ to Ⅵ, with asynchronous developmental oocytes and spermatocytes. The findings might be used to provide basic data for resource conservation and artificial breeding of topmouth culter in Jinjiang River.
Morphological and histological development of gonad and germ cells were annually observed in topmouth culter Culter alburnus with body weight of(22.2-2587.5)g by paraffin section technique and H.E staining method. The topmouth culter had testis made up of lobules with spermatogenic cells in cysts, and the development of testis was divided into 6 stages. Spermatogenesis experienced 5 phases: spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, spermatid, and spermatozoa, and the developments of ovary were divided into 6 stages, and oogenesis experienced 6 phases. The nucleoli were observed at phase Ⅰ, and increased in number at following phase Ⅱ and Ⅲ. The follicle membrane and yolk nuclei were found at phase Ⅱ, yolk nuclei disappeared at phase Ⅲ, and yolk granules appeared at the late phase Ⅲ, at the same phase follicle membrane differentiated into two layers, the vacuole was formed and changed from one layer to a multilayer, with a light red flocculent area in each of it. The zona radiata were presented at the surface of egg membrane from phase Ⅲ to Ⅴ, yolk granules accumulated at phase Ⅳ, vacuoles were squeezed at the outer edge of cytoplasm, and the nuclei deviated to the edge at late phase Ⅳ. The oocytes were filled with yolk granules at phase Ⅴ, being fused into pieces, and nuclei disappeared, and cortical alveolus became evident. The unspawned ova were broken down and absorbed at phase Ⅵ, and lifted a lot of postovulatory follicles in the oocyte. There existed degenerated cells in the oocyte from phase Ⅱ to Ⅵ, with asynchronous developmental oocytes and spermatocytes. The findings might be used to provide basic data for resource conservation and artificial breeding of topmouth culter in Jinjiang River.
引文
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[5] 阮国良,杨代勤,王卫民.草鱼、鳡和翘嘴鲌消化道组织的早期发育[J].水生生物学报,2012,36(6):1164-1170.
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[12] 朱洪文,李新人.鲫鱼卵发生过程中细胞学和细胞化学的研究[J].动物学报,1963,15(3):348-353.
[13] 徐钢春,张呈祥,聂志娟,等.似刺鳊鮈的性腺发育组织学观察[J].淡水渔业,2014,44(1):26-31.
[14] 陈永强.粗唇鮠性腺组织学和超微结构的研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2007.
[15] Kobayashi H,Iwamatsu T.Development and fine structure of the yolk nucleus of previtellogenic oocytes in the medaka Oryzias latipes[J].Dev Growth Differ,2000,42(6):623-631.
[16] 何德奎,陈毅峰,蔡斌.纳木错裸鲤性腺发育的组织学研究[J].水生生物学报,2001,25(1):1-13.
[17] 何德奎,陈毅峰,陈自明,等.色林错裸鲤性腺发育的组织学研究[J].水产学报,2001,25(2):97-102.
[18] 林鼎,林浩然.鳗鲡繁殖生物学研究:Ⅲ.鳗鲡性腺发育组织学和细胞学研究[J].水生生物学集刊,1984,8(2):157-170.
[19] 魏杰,聂竹兰,李杰,等.塔里木裂腹鱼性腺形态学与组织学的研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2011,26(3):227-231.
[20] 章龙珍,陈丽慧,庄平,等.长江口纹缟虾虎鱼繁殖季节的性腺组织学[J].水产学报,2009,33(2):245-252.
[21] 张贤芳,张耀光,甘光明,等.圆口铜鱼卵巢发育及卵子发生的初步研究[J].西南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2005,27(6):892-897,901.
[22] 施瑔芳.鱼类性腺发育研究新进展[J].水生生物学报,1988,12(3):248-258.
[23] Macchi G J,Acha E M.Spawning frequency and batch fecundity of Brazilian menhaden,Brevoortia aurea,in the Río de la Plata estuary off Argentina and Uruguay[J].Fishery Bulletin,2000,98(2):283-289.
[24] Conover D O.Field and laboratory assessment of patterns in fecundity of a multiple spawning fish:the Atlantic silverside,Menidia menidia[J].Fishery Bulletin,1985,83(3):331-341.
[2] Melo R M C,Gomes D D,Moreira D P,et al.Comparative morphology of the reproductive system of seven species of ostariophysan fishes from the upper Das Velhas River,Brazil[J].J Morphol,2017,278(2):170-181.
[3] 熊洪林,王志坚.3种淡水肉食性鱼类胰脏及胰液导管系统的组织学比较[J].四川动物,2009,28(6):843-847.
[4] Cao X J,Wang W M,Song F.Anatomical and histological characteristics of the intestine of the topmouth culter (Culter alburnus)[J].Anat Histol Embryol,2011,40(4):292-298.
[5] 阮国良,杨代勤,王卫民.草鱼、鳡和翘嘴鲌消化道组织的早期发育[J].水生生物学报,2012,36(6):1164-1170.
[6] 杨虹.兴凯湖翘嘴鲌生物学特性及人工繁殖研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2009.
[7] 覃亮.徐家河水库翘嘴鲌年龄与生长和繁殖生物学研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2009.
[8] 李忠利,梁正其,杨军,等.贵州锦江翘嘴鲌的年龄、生长和资源利用研究[J].淡水渔业,2017,47(1):42-48.
[9] 李忠利,冉辉,杨马,等.锦江翘嘴鲌的繁殖生物学特征[J].动物学杂志,2017,52(2):263-270.
[10] 楼允东.组织胚胎学[M].2版.北京:中国农业出版社,1996:126-136.
[11] 张耀光,罗泉笙,何学福.长吻鮠的卵巢发育和周年变化及繁殖习性研究[J].动物学研究,1994,15(2):42-48.
[12] 朱洪文,李新人.鲫鱼卵发生过程中细胞学和细胞化学的研究[J].动物学报,1963,15(3):348-353.
[13] 徐钢春,张呈祥,聂志娟,等.似刺鳊鮈的性腺发育组织学观察[J].淡水渔业,2014,44(1):26-31.
[14] 陈永强.粗唇鮠性腺组织学和超微结构的研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2007.
[15] Kobayashi H,Iwamatsu T.Development and fine structure of the yolk nucleus of previtellogenic oocytes in the medaka Oryzias latipes[J].Dev Growth Differ,2000,42(6):623-631.
[16] 何德奎,陈毅峰,蔡斌.纳木错裸鲤性腺发育的组织学研究[J].水生生物学报,2001,25(1):1-13.
[17] 何德奎,陈毅峰,陈自明,等.色林错裸鲤性腺发育的组织学研究[J].水产学报,2001,25(2):97-102.
[18] 林鼎,林浩然.鳗鲡繁殖生物学研究:Ⅲ.鳗鲡性腺发育组织学和细胞学研究[J].水生生物学集刊,1984,8(2):157-170.
[19] 魏杰,聂竹兰,李杰,等.塔里木裂腹鱼性腺形态学与组织学的研究[J].大连海洋大学学报,2011,26(3):227-231.
[20] 章龙珍,陈丽慧,庄平,等.长江口纹缟虾虎鱼繁殖季节的性腺组织学[J].水产学报,2009,33(2):245-252.
[21] 张贤芳,张耀光,甘光明,等.圆口铜鱼卵巢发育及卵子发生的初步研究[J].西南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2005,27(6):892-897,901.
[22] 施瑔芳.鱼类性腺发育研究新进展[J].水生生物学报,1988,12(3):248-258.
[23] Macchi G J,Acha E M.Spawning frequency and batch fecundity of Brazilian menhaden,Brevoortia aurea,in the Río de la Plata estuary off Argentina and Uruguay[J].Fishery Bulletin,2000,98(2):283-289.
[24] Conover D O.Field and laboratory assessment of patterns in fecundity of a multiple spawning fish:the Atlantic silverside,Menidia menidia[J].Fishery Bulletin,1985,83(3):331-341.
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