安宁河中游底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系
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摘要
为了解安宁河底栖动物群落结构及其影响因素,分别于丰水期(2015年7、8月)和枯水期(2016年1、2月)开展了安宁河中游干支流底栖动物的2次调查,并于2015年7月至2016年6月进行安宁河支流的周年调查。共检出底栖动物5门115属122种,其中水生昆虫居多(109种)。干流丰、枯水期底栖动物的密度和生物量都明显低于支流,丰水期干支流底栖动物的密度和生物量都明显低于枯水期。安宁河支流全年优势种为四节蜉(Baetis sp.)、蚋(Simulium sp.)、高翔蜉(Epeorus sp.)、花翅蜉(Baetiella sp.)、扁襀(Peltoperlidae spp.)和小蜉(Ephemerella sp.)。安宁河支流底栖动物密度以12月最高, 7月最低;生物量以1月最高, 7月最低。典范对应分析(CCA)分析结果显示,影响丰水期安宁河底栖动物分布的关键环境因子为底质类型和海拔,影响枯水期底栖动物分布的主要环境因子为流速、海拔和水温;影响安宁河支流底栖动物群落结构周年变化的主要环境因子为水温与电导。研究为高海拔地区河流生物多样性研究和保护提供科学参考。
To understand the structure and its driving factors of macroinvertebrate community, two surveys were conducted in the Anning River and its tributaries in wet season(July and August 2016) and dry season(January and February 2016). Furthermore, sampling was also performed monthly from July 2015 to June 2016 in the tributaries of the Anning River. As a result, a total of 122 species of macroinvertebrates were collected, which belonged to 115 genera of 5 phyla. Among them, aquatic insects(109 species) were dominant taxa. The densities and biomass of macroinvertebrate community were much higher in the tributaries than those in the mainstream both in the wet and dry seasons, and were much higher in the dry season than those in the wet season both in the mainstream and tributaries. All through the year,the dominant species in the tributaries were Baetis sp., Simulium sp., Epeorus sp., Baetiella sp., Peltoperlidae spp. and Ephemerella sp. Temporal variability of macroinvertebrates showed that the highest density was in December and the lowest one in July; while the highest biomass was in January and the lowest one in July. Canonical correspondences analysis(CCA) indicated that substrate type and altitude were the key factors driving the macroinvertebrate distribution in the wet season, whereas flow velocity, altitude and water temperature were the significant driving factors in the dry season. In addition, monthly variations of macroinvertebrate structure in the tributaries were relative to the ecological factors such as water temperature and conductivity. Overall, this study provides a scientific basis for the studies and conservation of biodiversity in high altitude areas.
To understand the structure and its driving factors of macroinvertebrate community, two surveys were conducted in the Anning River and its tributaries in wet season(July and August 2016) and dry season(January and February 2016). Furthermore, sampling was also performed monthly from July 2015 to June 2016 in the tributaries of the Anning River. As a result, a total of 122 species of macroinvertebrates were collected, which belonged to 115 genera of 5 phyla. Among them, aquatic insects(109 species) were dominant taxa. The densities and biomass of macroinvertebrate community were much higher in the tributaries than those in the mainstream both in the wet and dry seasons, and were much higher in the dry season than those in the wet season both in the mainstream and tributaries. All through the year,the dominant species in the tributaries were Baetis sp., Simulium sp., Epeorus sp., Baetiella sp., Peltoperlidae spp. and Ephemerella sp. Temporal variability of macroinvertebrates showed that the highest density was in December and the lowest one in July; while the highest biomass was in January and the lowest one in July. Canonical correspondences analysis(CCA) indicated that substrate type and altitude were the key factors driving the macroinvertebrate distribution in the wet season, whereas flow velocity, altitude and water temperature were the significant driving factors in the dry season. In addition, monthly variations of macroinvertebrate structure in the tributaries were relative to the ecological factors such as water temperature and conductivity. Overall, this study provides a scientific basis for the studies and conservation of biodiversity in high altitude areas.
引文
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[19]Li N,Yang C J,Sun Y Y,et al.Community structure of macrobenthos and assessment of ecosystem health in Huangshui River,Qinghai Province[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017,33(35):141-148[李宁,杨春江,孙瑜旸,等.青海湟水河大型底栖动物群落结构及生态系统健康评价.中国农学通报,2017,33(35):141-148]
[20]Wan F J.Investigations of hydrobiology and studies on biology of S.stoliczkae stolicizkae in Shiquan River[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University.2004[万法江.狮泉河水生生物资源调查和高原裸裂尻鱼的生物学研究.武汉:华中农业大学.2004]
[21]Duan X H,Wang Z Y,Xu M Z.Macroinvertebrates and Ecological Evaluation of Rivers[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press.2010,57[段学花,王兆印,徐梦珍.底栖动物与河流生态评价.北京:清华大学出版社.2010,57]
[22]Li J P,Dong S K,Peng M C.The structure of benthic macrofauna and bioassessment of water quality in cascade dammed reservoirs of Lancang River[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2018,38(7):2931-2940[李晋鹏,董世魁,彭明春.澜沧江梯级水坝库区大型底栖动物群落结构及水质生物学评价.环境科学学报,2018,38(7):2931-2940]
[23]Li Q,Yang L F,Wu J,et al.Stream health assessment using a benthic-index of biotic integrity in Xitiaoxi Stream,Zhejiang Province,China[J].Environmental Science,2007,28(9):2141-2147[李强,杨莲芳,吴璟,等.底栖动物完整性指数评价西苕溪溪流健康.环境科学,2007,28(9):2141-2147]
[24]Shen H Y,Cao Z H,Liu J W,et al.Relationship between functional feeding groups of macroinvertebrates and environmental factors in Taizi River basin[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(2):579-590[沈洪艳,曹志会,刘军伟,等.太子河流域大型底栖动物功能摄食类群与环境要素的关系.中国环境科学,2015,35(2):579-590]
[25]Liu H P,Ye S W,Yang X F,et al.Spatio-temporal dynamics of aquatic organism community and their relationships to environment in Niyang River,Tibet:3.macrozoobenthos[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2014,26(1):154-160[刘海平,叶少文,杨雪峰,等.西藏尼洋河水生生物群落时空动态及与环境因子关系:3.大型底栖动物.湖泊科学,2014,26(1):154-160]
[26]Suren A M.Macroinvertebrate communities of streams in western Nepal:effects of altitude and land use[J].Freshwater Biology,1994,32(2):323-336
[27]Mishra A S,Nautiyal P,Semwal P.Distributional patterns of benthic macro-invertebrate fauna in the glacier fed rivers of Indian Himalaya[J].Our Nature,2013,11(1):36-44
[28]Zhang M,Shao M L,Cai Q H,et al.Macroinvertebrate community structure and the biological assessment to the water quality of the Danjingkou Reservoir[J].Journal of Lake Science,2010,22(2):281-290[张敏,邵美玲,蔡庆华,等.丹江口水库大型底栖动物群落结构及其水质生物学评价.湖泊科学,2010,22(2):281-290]
[29]Ma B S,Xie C X,Yang X F,et al.A preliminary study on periphyton and zoobenthos in the Xaitongmoin reach of the Yarlung Zangbo River[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2012,21(8):942-950[马宝珊,谢从新,杨学峰,等.雅鲁藏布江谢通门江段着生生物和底栖动物资源初步研究.长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(8):942-950]
[30]Wang B Q,Liu X Q,Peng Z H,et al.Distribution pattern and variation in the functional groups of zoobenthos in the Changjiang Estuary[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2015,39(5):965-972[王宝强,刘学勤,彭增辉,等.三峡水库底栖动物群落结构特征及其与蓄水前资料的比较.水生生物学报,2015,39(5):965-972]
[31]Ma B S,Xu B,Wei K J,et al.Length-weight and lengthlength relationships of four native fish species from the Yalong River,China[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2017,33(4):839-841
[2]Meng X L,He Y B,Song Z Y,et al.Struture and spatial distribution patterns of macrozoobenthos in Qinghai Lake area[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2014,38(5):819 -827[孟星亮,何玉邦,宋卓彦,等.青海湖区大型底栖动物群落结构与空间分布格局.水生生物学报,2014,38(5):819-827]
[3]Song M J,Deng H T,Zhu F Y,et al.Seasonal dynamics of macroinvertebrates community structure in Daning River after a 175m depth of impoundment in the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2015,39(5):1046-1053[宋明江,邓华堂,朱峰跃,等.三峡水库175 m蓄水后大宁河底栖动物群落结构季节动态.水生生物学报,2015,39(5):1046-1053]
[4]Ren H Q,Yuan X Z,Liu H,et al.The effects of environment factors on community structure of benthic invertebrate in rivers[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(10):3148-3156[任海庆,袁兴中,刘红,等.环境因子对河流底栖无脊椎动物群落结构的影响.生态学报,2015,35(10):3148-3156]
[5]Qu X D,Cao M,Shao M L,et al.Macrobenthos in Jinping reach of Yalongjiang River and its main tributaries[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2007,18(1):158-162[渠晓东,曹明,邵美玲,等.雅砻江(锦屏段)及其主要支流的大型底栖动物.应用生态学报,2007,18(1):158-162]
[6]Wu N C,Tang T,Li D F,et al.Benthic algal communities in Jinping reach of Yalong River and its main tributaries in relation to environmental variables[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(4):1697-1703[吴乃成,唐涛,黎道丰,等.雅砻江(锦屏段)及其主要支流底栖藻类群落与环境因子的关系.生态学报,2009,29(4):1697-1703]
[7]Ma B S,Xu B,Wei K J,et al.Zooplankton resource and its relation to the environmental conditions in the Anning River[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2017,47(6):56-64[马宝珊,徐滨,魏开金,等.安宁河浮游动物资源现状及其与环境因子的关系.淡水渔业,2017,47(6):56-64]
[8]Ning X.Studies on characteristics of annual runoff in Anning River[D].Chengdu:Sichuan Normal University.2009[宁翔.安宁河径流量年际变化特征研究.成都:四川师范大学.2009]
[9]Barbour M T,Gerritsen J,Snyder B D,et al.Rapid bioassessment for use in streams and wadeable rivers:periphyton,bethic macroinvertebrates and fish.Second edition[M].USA,Environment Protection Agency,Office of Water:Washington DC.1999,240
[10]Liu Y Y,Zhang W Z,Wang Y X,et al.Chinese Economic Animal Chronicles Freshwater Molluscs[M].Beijing:Science Press.1979,6-126[刘月英,张文珍,王跃先,等.中国经济动物志·淡水软体动物.北京:科学出版社.1979,6-126]
[11]Morse J C,Yang L F,Tian L X.Aquatic Insects of China Useful for Monitoring Water Quality[M].Nanjing:Hohai University Press.1994,1-570
[12]Epler J H.Identification Manual for the Larval Chironomidae(Diptera)of North and South Carolina[M].North Carolina Department of Environmental and Natural Resources,Palatka.2001,1-526
[13]Wang J,Zhou Q,Xie C X,et al.The community structure of macrozoobenthos and biological assessment of water quality in the Irtysh River of Xinjiang[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2014,33(9):2420-2428[王军,周琼,谢从新,等.新疆额尔齐斯河大型底栖动物的群落结构及水质生物学评价.生态学杂志,2014,33(9):2420-2428]
[14]Shannon C E.A mathematical theory of communication[J].Bell System Technical Journal,1948,27:379-423
[15]Pielou E C J.The measurement of diversity in different types of biological collections[J].Journal of Theoretical Biology,1966,13:131-144
[16]Jiang X M,Xing J,Qiu J W,et al.Structure of macroinvertebrate communities in relation to environmental variables in a subtropical Asian river system[J].International Review of Hydrobiology,2010,95(1):42-57
[17]Xu M Z,Wang Z Y,Pan B Z,et al.Research on assemblage characteristics of macroinvertebrates in the Yalu Tsangpo River Basin[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(8):2351-2360[徐梦珍,王兆印,潘保柱,等.雅鲁藏布江流域底栖动物多样性及生态评价.生态学报,2012,32(8):2351-2360]
[18]Zhao W H,Liu X Q.Preliminary study on macrozoobenthos in Yarlung Zangbo River and its branches around Xiongcun,Tibet,China[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2010,19(3):281-286[赵伟华,刘学勤.西藏雅鲁藏布江雄村河段及其支流底栖动物初步研究.长江流域资源与环境,2010,19(3):281-286]
[19]Li N,Yang C J,Sun Y Y,et al.Community structure of macrobenthos and assessment of ecosystem health in Huangshui River,Qinghai Province[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017,33(35):141-148[李宁,杨春江,孙瑜旸,等.青海湟水河大型底栖动物群落结构及生态系统健康评价.中国农学通报,2017,33(35):141-148]
[20]Wan F J.Investigations of hydrobiology and studies on biology of S.stoliczkae stolicizkae in Shiquan River[D].Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University.2004[万法江.狮泉河水生生物资源调查和高原裸裂尻鱼的生物学研究.武汉:华中农业大学.2004]
[21]Duan X H,Wang Z Y,Xu M Z.Macroinvertebrates and Ecological Evaluation of Rivers[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press.2010,57[段学花,王兆印,徐梦珍.底栖动物与河流生态评价.北京:清华大学出版社.2010,57]
[22]Li J P,Dong S K,Peng M C.The structure of benthic macrofauna and bioassessment of water quality in cascade dammed reservoirs of Lancang River[J].Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2018,38(7):2931-2940[李晋鹏,董世魁,彭明春.澜沧江梯级水坝库区大型底栖动物群落结构及水质生物学评价.环境科学学报,2018,38(7):2931-2940]
[23]Li Q,Yang L F,Wu J,et al.Stream health assessment using a benthic-index of biotic integrity in Xitiaoxi Stream,Zhejiang Province,China[J].Environmental Science,2007,28(9):2141-2147[李强,杨莲芳,吴璟,等.底栖动物完整性指数评价西苕溪溪流健康.环境科学,2007,28(9):2141-2147]
[24]Shen H Y,Cao Z H,Liu J W,et al.Relationship between functional feeding groups of macroinvertebrates and environmental factors in Taizi River basin[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(2):579-590[沈洪艳,曹志会,刘军伟,等.太子河流域大型底栖动物功能摄食类群与环境要素的关系.中国环境科学,2015,35(2):579-590]
[25]Liu H P,Ye S W,Yang X F,et al.Spatio-temporal dynamics of aquatic organism community and their relationships to environment in Niyang River,Tibet:3.macrozoobenthos[J].Journal of Lake Sciences,2014,26(1):154-160[刘海平,叶少文,杨雪峰,等.西藏尼洋河水生生物群落时空动态及与环境因子关系:3.大型底栖动物.湖泊科学,2014,26(1):154-160]
[26]Suren A M.Macroinvertebrate communities of streams in western Nepal:effects of altitude and land use[J].Freshwater Biology,1994,32(2):323-336
[27]Mishra A S,Nautiyal P,Semwal P.Distributional patterns of benthic macro-invertebrate fauna in the glacier fed rivers of Indian Himalaya[J].Our Nature,2013,11(1):36-44
[28]Zhang M,Shao M L,Cai Q H,et al.Macroinvertebrate community structure and the biological assessment to the water quality of the Danjingkou Reservoir[J].Journal of Lake Science,2010,22(2):281-290[张敏,邵美玲,蔡庆华,等.丹江口水库大型底栖动物群落结构及其水质生物学评价.湖泊科学,2010,22(2):281-290]
[29]Ma B S,Xie C X,Yang X F,et al.A preliminary study on periphyton and zoobenthos in the Xaitongmoin reach of the Yarlung Zangbo River[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2012,21(8):942-950[马宝珊,谢从新,杨学峰,等.雅鲁藏布江谢通门江段着生生物和底栖动物资源初步研究.长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(8):942-950]
[30]Wang B Q,Liu X Q,Peng Z H,et al.Distribution pattern and variation in the functional groups of zoobenthos in the Changjiang Estuary[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2015,39(5):965-972[王宝强,刘学勤,彭增辉,等.三峡水库底栖动物群落结构特征及其与蓄水前资料的比较.水生生物学报,2015,39(5):965-972]
[31]Ma B S,Xu B,Wei K J,et al.Length-weight and lengthlength relationships of four native fish species from the Yalong River,China[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,2017,33(4):839-841
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