北黄海獐子岛海域浮游植物沉降通量的周年变化
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摘要
于2011年9月至2012年11月,在北黄海獐子岛邻近海域,利用德国MST24型沉积物捕集器,开展了5 d期采样频率的浮游植物组成及其沉降通量的周年变化研究。71份沉降样品共记录浮游植物51属93种,其中硅藻38属66种,是主要的沉降类群。沉降优势种主要有具槽帕拉藻(Paralia sulcata)、离心列海链藻(Thalassiosira excentrica)、布氏双尾藻(Ditylum brightwellii)、辐射圆筛藻(Coscinodiscus radiatus)、八幅辐环藻(Actinocyclus octonarius)等硅藻物种,以及小等刺硅鞭藻(Dictyocha fibula)、八幅硅鞭藻(Octactis octonaria)等硅鞭藻物种。浮游植物沉降通量变化在(6.1~169)×10~6 cells/m~2d,平均39.4×10~6 cells/m~2d,在春、秋季各出现1个高通量时段,春季峰值主要为硅藻贡献,而秋季峰值则由硅藻和硅鞭藻共同形成。沉降浮游植物作为獐子岛底播虾夷扇贝的重要饵料,其种类组成及沉降通量的周年变化,与獐子岛海域虾夷扇贝的底播、生长时节相关,以具槽帕拉藻、海链藻、圆筛藻等硅藻属种为主的食物来源和结构是扇贝重要的饵料基础。旨在通过浮游植物沉降的时间序列研究,查明獐子岛底播虾夷扇贝的饵料组成及其通量水平的周年变化特征,为该水域可持续的底播养殖提供基础资料和参考依据。
A German-made sediment trap, MST24, was deployed at 5-day intervals in the Northern Yellow Sea off Zhangzi Island from September 2011 to November 2012 for the purpose of revealing the settling phytoplankton composition and estimating the annual variations of fluxes. A total of 51 genera and 93 taxa were recorded, with diatoms(38 genera, 66 taxa) as the dominant sedimentation group. The predominant settling species were diatoms such as Paralia sulcata, Thalassiosira excentric, Ditylum brightwellii, Coscinodiscus radiatus, and Actinocyclus octonarius, as well as silicoflagellates such as Dictyocha fibula and Octactis octonaria. Total phytoplankton fluxes varied between 6.1×10~6 cells/m~2 d and 169×10~6 cells/m~2 d, averaging 39.4×10~6 cells/m~2 d. The periods of high fluxes occurred during the spring and autumn seasons, with diatoms contributing more in spring and diatoms and silicoflagellates both contributing the most in autumn. The seeding and growing periods of Patinopecten yessoensis in the adjoining waters off Zhangzi Island were synchronized with the annual dynamics of the phytoplankton that comprise its diet and phytoplankton settling fluxes. Diatom taxa such as Paralia sulcata, Thalassiosira spp., and Coscinodiscus spp. are all important food sources and grazing structure for scallops. By studying phytoplankton sedimentation with a high sampling frequency and clarifying the scallop diet taxa with settling fluxes, this research will provide a baseline database and references for sustainable aquaculture in the adjoining waters off Zhangzi Island, China.
A German-made sediment trap, MST24, was deployed at 5-day intervals in the Northern Yellow Sea off Zhangzi Island from September 2011 to November 2012 for the purpose of revealing the settling phytoplankton composition and estimating the annual variations of fluxes. A total of 51 genera and 93 taxa were recorded, with diatoms(38 genera, 66 taxa) as the dominant sedimentation group. The predominant settling species were diatoms such as Paralia sulcata, Thalassiosira excentric, Ditylum brightwellii, Coscinodiscus radiatus, and Actinocyclus octonarius, as well as silicoflagellates such as Dictyocha fibula and Octactis octonaria. Total phytoplankton fluxes varied between 6.1×10~6 cells/m~2 d and 169×10~6 cells/m~2 d, averaging 39.4×10~6 cells/m~2 d. The periods of high fluxes occurred during the spring and autumn seasons, with diatoms contributing more in spring and diatoms and silicoflagellates both contributing the most in autumn. The seeding and growing periods of Patinopecten yessoensis in the adjoining waters off Zhangzi Island were synchronized with the annual dynamics of the phytoplankton that comprise its diet and phytoplankton settling fluxes. Diatom taxa such as Paralia sulcata, Thalassiosira spp., and Coscinodiscus spp. are all important food sources and grazing structure for scallops. By studying phytoplankton sedimentation with a high sampling frequency and clarifying the scallop diet taxa with settling fluxes, this research will provide a baseline database and references for sustainable aquaculture in the adjoining waters off Zhangzi Island, China.
引文
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Yu JL,Li RX.The study on the phytoplankton ecology in the Bohai and Yellow Seas.Journal of Oceanography of Huanghai&Bohai Seas,1993,11(3):52-59[俞建銮,李瑞香.渤海、黄海浮游植物生态的研究.黄渤海海洋,1993,11(3):52-59]
Zhang JH,Fang JG,Wang W,et al.Feeding physiology of scallop Patinopecten yessoensis and population filtering capacity in Zhangzidao Island aquacultural area.Journal of Jishou University(Natural Science Edition),2007,28(4):85-90[张继红,方建光,王巍,等.虾夷扇贝的摄食生理及其在獐子岛海域的群体滤水能力.吉首大学学报(自然科学版),2007,28(4):85-90]
Zhang JH,Fang JG,Jiang ZJ,et al.Seasonal variation of primary production and spatial-temporal distribution of chlorophyll a in mariculture area of Zhangzidao Island.Marine Fisheries Research,2008,29(4):22-28[张继红,方建光,蒋增杰,等.獐子岛养殖水域叶绿素含量时空分布特征及初级生产力季节变化.海洋水产研究,2008,29(4):22-28]
Zhang X,Luan QS,Sun JQ,et al.Annual variation in phytoplankton community and its relationship with ambient environmental factors in adjacent waters of Zhangzi Island.Journal of Dalian Ocean University,2016,31(3):315-323[张雪,栾青杉,孙坚强,等.獐子岛海域浮游植物群落周年变化及其与环境因子的关系.大连海洋大学学报,2016,31(3):315-323]
Zhang YS,Zhang FJ,Guo XW,et al.Vertical flux of the settling particulate matter in the water column of the Yellow Sea in summer.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2004,35(3):230-238[张岩松,章飞军,郭学武,等.黄海夏季水域沉降颗粒物垂直通量的研究.海洋与湖沼,2004,35(3):230-238]
Dong J,Li PJ,Liu Y,et al.Ecological characteristics of phytoplankton community inshore of the Northern Yellow Sea.Fisheries Science,1999,18(5):12-15[董婧,李培军,刘悦,等.黄海北部近岸浮游植物生态特征分析.水产科学,1999,18(5):12-15]
Fu CD,Li DC,Yu ZA,et al.The variation in species composition and density of phytoplankton in the ranched northwest coast in Changhai Country,Liaoning Province,China.Fisheries Science,2012,31(7):408-412[付成东,李大成,于佐安,等.长海县西北部海域浮游植物种类及密度的变化.水产科学,2012,31(7):408-412]
Guo H,Yan QL,Cao L.The relationship between food structure of raft for cultivated shellfish and phytoplankton in Changjiang'ao,Dalian.Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University,1999,8(2):112-118[郭皓,闫启仑,曹丽.大连常江澳浮筏养殖贝类的饵料结构与浮游植物的关系.上海水产大学学报,1999,8(2):112-118]
Honjo S,Manganini SJ,Krishfield RA,et al.Particulate organic carbon fluxes to the ocean interior and factors controlling the biological pump:A synthesis of global sediment trap programs since 1983.Progress in Oceanography,2008,76(3):217-285
Jin DX,Chen JH,Huang KG.Planktonic diatoms in China Seas.Shanghai:Shanghai Scientific&Technical Publishers,1965,1-230[金德祥,陈金环,黄凯歌.中国海洋浮游硅藻类.上海:上海科学技术出版社,1965,1-230]
Li HB,Liu GZ,Liang YB,et al.Distribution of Chl a and primary productivity in Changhai waters of Liaoning.Marine Environmental Science,2011,30(1):32-36[李洪波,柳圭泽,梁玉波,等.辽宁长海海域叶绿素a和初级生产力的分布.海洋环境科学,2011,30(1):32-36]
Tallberg P,Heiskanen AS.Species-specific phytoplankton sedimentation in relation to primary production along an inshore-offshore gradient in the Baltic Sea.Journal of Plankton Research,1998,20(11):2053-2070
Tang QS.Carbon-sink fisheries and the sound and fast development of modern fisheries.Jiangxi Fishery Science and Technology,2011(2):5-7[唐启升.碳汇渔业与又好又快发展现代渔业.江西水产科技,2011(2):5-7]
Tomas CR.Identifying marine phytoplankton.San Diego:Academic Press,1997,1-858
Wang F,Dong SL,Zhang S,et al.Experimental studies on feeding selectivity and the filter-feeding rate of Argopecten irradians and Crassostrea gigas.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2000,31(2):139-144[王芳,董双林,张硕,等.海湾扇贝和太平洋牡蛎的食物选择性及滤除率的实验研究.海洋与湖沼,2000,31(2):139-144]
Wang J,Li GZ,Wang XY.Phytoplankton abundance distribution and seasonal changes in adjoining waters around the Changhai.Fishery Sciences,1995,14(2):23-27[王鉴,李桂珍,王秀艳.长海县水域浮游植物数量分布和季节变化.水产科学,1995,14(2):23-27]
Xu M,Zhu ZX,Xu BF,et al.Phytoplankton in the natural reserve waters of choicest seafood around Hedatuozi,Changhai.Fishery Sciences,1994,13(3):10-13[徐铭,朱志祥,徐步峰,等.长海县核大砣子海珍品自然保护区海域的浮游植物.水产科学,1994,13(3):10-13]
Yu JL,Li RX.The study on the phytoplankton ecology in the Bohai and Yellow Seas.Journal of Oceanography of Huanghai&Bohai Seas,1993,11(3):52-59[俞建銮,李瑞香.渤海、黄海浮游植物生态的研究.黄渤海海洋,1993,11(3):52-59]
Zhang JH,Fang JG,Wang W,et al.Feeding physiology of scallop Patinopecten yessoensis and population filtering capacity in Zhangzidao Island aquacultural area.Journal of Jishou University(Natural Science Edition),2007,28(4):85-90[张继红,方建光,王巍,等.虾夷扇贝的摄食生理及其在獐子岛海域的群体滤水能力.吉首大学学报(自然科学版),2007,28(4):85-90]
Zhang JH,Fang JG,Jiang ZJ,et al.Seasonal variation of primary production and spatial-temporal distribution of chlorophyll a in mariculture area of Zhangzidao Island.Marine Fisheries Research,2008,29(4):22-28[张继红,方建光,蒋增杰,等.獐子岛养殖水域叶绿素含量时空分布特征及初级生产力季节变化.海洋水产研究,2008,29(4):22-28]
Zhang X,Luan QS,Sun JQ,et al.Annual variation in phytoplankton community and its relationship with ambient environmental factors in adjacent waters of Zhangzi Island.Journal of Dalian Ocean University,2016,31(3):315-323[张雪,栾青杉,孙坚强,等.獐子岛海域浮游植物群落周年变化及其与环境因子的关系.大连海洋大学学报,2016,31(3):315-323]
Zhang YS,Zhang FJ,Guo XW,et al.Vertical flux of the settling particulate matter in the water column of the Yellow Sea in summer.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,2004,35(3):230-238[张岩松,章飞军,郭学武,等.黄海夏季水域沉降颗粒物垂直通量的研究.海洋与湖沼,2004,35(3):230-238]
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