一次中国东部大范围强浓雾的传播与扩展机制分析
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摘要
本文利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP再分析资料对2016年12月31日至2017年1月4日中国东部持续近5天的大范围强浓雾过程进行了分析,重点对强浓雾的传播与扩展机制进行了诊断研究。结果表明:这次浓雾过程以1日晚间冷高压南下为分界点,在高压南下之前强浓雾范围局限于河北中南部,高压南下之后,强浓雾增强并大范围传播,影响江苏、安徽、河南、河北、山东等多个省。冷高压南下导致低层逆温层加强,逆温区范围扩大,是强浓雾得以大范围传播的重要条件。由海上经江苏、安徽、河南至河北的水汽平流输送则为浓雾的大范围传播提供了充足的水汽条件。
Based on conventional observation data, NCEP reanalysis data, a massive dense fog process lasting from 31 December 2016 to 4 January 2017 in Eastern China are analyzed with the focus on propagation and extension mechanism. The results show that the dense fog process took cold anticyclone moving south on the evening of 1 January as a demarcation point. Before the cold anticyclone moved south, dense fog was limited to southern and central part of Hebei Province. After the cold anticyclone moved south, dense fog enhanced and spread widely, affecting many provinces including Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Hebei and Shandong, etc. The dense fog spread in a large range by cold anticyclone moving south, causing the lowlevel temperature inversion to be strengthened and the range of the inversion area to be expanded. The water vapor transport from the sea through Jiangsu, Anhui and Henan to Hebei provided sufficient water vapor for the wide spread of the dense fog.
Based on conventional observation data, NCEP reanalysis data, a massive dense fog process lasting from 31 December 2016 to 4 January 2017 in Eastern China are analyzed with the focus on propagation and extension mechanism. The results show that the dense fog process took cold anticyclone moving south on the evening of 1 January as a demarcation point. Before the cold anticyclone moved south, dense fog was limited to southern and central part of Hebei Province. After the cold anticyclone moved south, dense fog enhanced and spread widely, affecting many provinces including Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Hebei and Shandong, etc. The dense fog spread in a large range by cold anticyclone moving south, causing the lowlevel temperature inversion to be strengthened and the range of the inversion area to be expanded. The water vapor transport from the sea through Jiangsu, Anhui and Henan to Hebei provided sufficient water vapor for the wide spread of the dense fog.
引文
包云轩,丁秋冀,袁成松,等,2013.沪宁高速公路一次复杂性大雾过程的数值模拟试验[J].大气科学,37(1):124-136. Bao Y X,Ding Q J, Yuan C S, et al, 2013. Numerical simulations of a highly complex fog event on Shanghai-Nanjing Expressway[J].Chin J Atmos Sci,37(1):124-136(in Chinese).
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郭丽君,郭学良,2015.利用地基多通道微波辐射计遥感反演华北持续性大雾天气温、湿度廓线的检验研究[J].气象学报,73(2):368-381. Guo L J,Guo X L,2015. Verification study of the atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles retrieved from the ground-based multi-channels microwave radiometer for persistent foggy weather events in northern China[J]. Acta Meteor Sin,73(2):368-381(in Chinese).
郭丽君,郭学良,2016.北京2009-2013年期间持续性大雾的类型、垂直结构及物理成因[J].大气科学,40(2):296-310. Guo L J,Guo X L,2016. The type,vertical structure and physical formation mechanism of persistent heavy fog events during 2009-2013 in the Beijing region[J]. Chin J Atmos Sci,40(2):296-310(in Chinese).
黄彬,王睛,陆雪,等,2014.黄渤海一次持续性大雾过程的边界层特征及生消机理分析[J].气象,40(11):1324-1337. Huang B,Wang Q,Lu X,et al,2014. Mechanism of a sea fog event over Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea[J]. Meteor Mon,40(11):1324-1337(in Chinese).
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黄政,袁成松,包云轩,等,2016.基于不同参数化方案的高速公路大雾过程的数值模拟试验[J].气象,42(8):944-953. Huang Z,Yuan C S,Bao Y X,et al,2016. Numerical simulations of heavy fog processes on expressways based on different parameterization schemes[J]. Meteor Mon,42(8):944-953(in Chinese).
李子华,黄建平,孙博阳,等,1999.辐射雾发展的爆发性特征[J].大气科学,23(5):623-631. Li Z H,Huang J P,Sun B Y,et al.1999. Burst characteristics during the development of radiation fog[J]. Chin J Atmos Sci,23(5):623-631(in Chinese).
李子华,彭中贵,1994.重庆市冬季雾的物理化学特性[J].气象学报,52(4):477-483. Li Z H,Peng Z G, 1994. Physical and chemical characteristics of the Chongqing winter fog[J]. Acta Meteor Sin,52(4):477-483(in Chinese).
李子华,杨军,石春娥,等,2008.地区性浓雾物理[M].北京:气象出版社.Li Z H,Yang J,Shi C E,et al,2008. The Physics of Regional Dense Fog[M]. Beijing:China Meteorological Press(in Chinese).
刘端阳,濮梅娟,杨军,等,2009. 2006年12月南京连续4天浓雾的微物理结构及演变特征[J].气象学报,67(1):147-157. Liu D Y,Pu M J, Yang J,et al,2009. Microphysical structure and evolution of four-day persistent fogs around Nanjing in December2006[J]. Acta Meteor Sin,67(1):147-157(in Chinese).
陆春松,牛生杰,杨军,等,2010.南京冬季一次雾过程宏微观结构的突变特征及成因分析[J].大气科学,34(4):681-690. Lu C S,Niu S J,Yang J,et al,2010. Jump features and causes of macro and microphysical structures of a winter fog in Nanjing[J]. Chin J Atmos Sci,34(4):681-690(in Chinese).
濮梅娟,严文莲,商兆堂,等,2008a.南京冬季雾爆发性增强的物理特征研究[J].高原气象,27(5):1111-1118. Pu M J,Yan W L,Shang Z T,et al,2008a. Study on the physical characteristics of burst reinforcement during the winter fog of Nanjing[J]. Plateau Meteor,27(5):1111-1118(in Chinese).
濮梅娟,张国正,严文莲,等,2008b.一次罕见的平流辐射雾过程的特征[J].中国科学:地球科学,38(6):776-783.Pu M J,Zhang G Z,Yan W L,et al,2008b. Features of a rare advection-radiation fog event[J]. Sci China:Earth Sci,38(6):776-783(in Chinese).
田小毅,朱承瑛,张振东,等,2018.长江江苏段江面雾的特征和预报着眼点[J].气象,44(3):408-415. Tian X Y,Zhu C Y,Zhang Z D,et al,2018. Characteristics and forecasting focus for river fog in Jiangsu section of Yangtze River[J]. Meteor Mon, 44(3):408-415(in Chinese).
王益柏,梅娜,范磊,等,2014. WRF模式对2013年1月华北一次大雾的数值对比试验[J].气象,40(12):1522-1529. Wang Y B,Mei N, Fan L, et al, 2014. Comparative experiments of WRF simulation on a fog event of January 2013 in North China[J].Meteor Mon,40(12):1522-1529(in Chinese).
吴兑,邓雪娇,毛节泰,等,2007.南岭大瑶山高速公路浓雾的宏微观结构与能见度研究[J].气象学报,65(3):406-415. Wu D,DengX J,Mao J T,et al,2007. A study on macro-and micro-structures of heavy fog and visibility at freeway in the Nanling Dayaoshan Mountain[J]. Acta Meteor Sin, 65(3):406-415(in Chinese).
吴兑,邓雪娇,叶燕翔,等,2004.南岭大瑶山浓雾雾水的化学成分研究[J].气象学报,62(4):476-485. Wu D,Deng X J,Ye Y X,et al, 2004. The study on fog-water chemical composition in Dayaoshan of Nanling Mountain[J]. Acta Meteor Sin, 62(4):476-485(in Chinese).
吴兑,吴晓京,朱小祥,2009.雾和霾[M].北京:气象出版社.Wu D,Wu X J,Zhu X X,2009. Fog and Haze[M]. Beijing:China Meteorological Press(in Chinese).
许爱华,陈翔翔,肖安,等.2016.江西省区域性平流雾气象要素特征分析及预报思路[J].气象,42(3):372-381.Xu A H,Chen X X,Xiao A,et al.2016. Analysis on the characteristics of meteorological factors and forecast ideas for regional advection fog in Jiangxi[J]. Meteor Mon,42(3):372-381(in Chinese).
张琳娜,郭锐,2014. 2012年冬季北京三种高影响天气的关联与成因分析[J].气象,40(5):598-604. Zhang L N,Guo R,2014. Analyses on relationship and causes for the three high-influence weather events in Beijing in winter 2012[J]. Meteor Mon, 40(5):598-604(in Chinese).
Boutle I A, Finnenkoetter A, Lock A P, et al. 2016. The London Model:forecasting fog at 333 m resolution[J]. Quart J Roy Meteor Soc,142(694):360-371.
Cereceda P, Osses P, Larrain H, et al. 2002. Advective, orographic and radiation fog in the Tarapaca Region,Chile[J]. Atmos Res,64(1/2/3/4):261-271.
Collett Jr J L,Sherman D E,Moore K F,et al,2001. Aerosol particle processing and removal by fogs:observations in chemically heterogeneous central California radiation fogs[J]. Water, Air Soil Pollut:Focus, 1(5/6):303-312.
Elias T,Jolivet D,Mazoyer M,et al,2018. Favourable and unfavourable scenarii of radiative fog formation defined by ground-based and satellite observation data[J]. Aerosol Air Qual Res, 18(1):145-164.
Fuzzi S,Facchini M C,Orsi G,et al,1992. The Po valley fog experiment 1989[J].Tellus B,44(5):448-468.
Guo L J,Guo X L,Fang C G,et al,2015. Observation analysis on characteristics of formation, evolution and transition of a longlasting severe fog and haze episode in North China[J]. Sci China:Earth Sci,58(3):329-344.
Haeffelin M, Bergot T, Elias T,et al, 2010. PARISFOG:shedding new light on fog physical processes[J]. Bull Amer Meteor Soc,91(6):767-783.
Li Y L, Hoogeboom P, Russchenberg H, 2014. Observations and modeling of fog by cloud radar and optical sensors[C]//201444th European Microwave Conference. Rome,Italy:IEEE:1824-1827.
Li Z H,Zhang L M,Zhang Q H,1994. The physical structure of the winter fog in Chongqing metropolitan area and its formation process[J]. Acta Meteor Sin,8(3):316-328.
陈东辉,尚子微,宁贵财,等,2017.环渤海地区雾天气分型及预报方法[J].气象,43(1):46-55. Chen D H,Shang Z W,Ning G C,et al,2017. Classification of fog synoptic situation and forecasting method around Bohai Sea coastal areas[J]. Meteor Mon,43(1):46-55(in Chinese).
郭丽君,郭学良,2015.利用地基多通道微波辐射计遥感反演华北持续性大雾天气温、湿度廓线的检验研究[J].气象学报,73(2):368-381. Guo L J,Guo X L,2015. Verification study of the atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles retrieved from the ground-based multi-channels microwave radiometer for persistent foggy weather events in northern China[J]. Acta Meteor Sin,73(2):368-381(in Chinese).
郭丽君,郭学良,2016.北京2009-2013年期间持续性大雾的类型、垂直结构及物理成因[J].大气科学,40(2):296-310. Guo L J,Guo X L,2016. The type,vertical structure and physical formation mechanism of persistent heavy fog events during 2009-2013 in the Beijing region[J]. Chin J Atmos Sci,40(2):296-310(in Chinese).
黄彬,王睛,陆雪,等,2014.黄渤海一次持续性大雾过程的边界层特征及生消机理分析[J].气象,40(11):1324-1337. Huang B,Wang Q,Lu X,et al,2014. Mechanism of a sea fog event over Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea[J]. Meteor Mon,40(11):1324-1337(in Chinese).
黄玉生,黄玉仁,李子华,等,2000.西双版纳冬季雾的微物理结构及演变过程[J].气象学报,58(6):715-725. Huang Y S,Huang Y R,Li Z H,et al,2000. The microphysical structure and evolution of winter fog in Xishuangbanna[J]. Acta Meteor Sin,58(6):715-725(in Chinese).
黄政,袁成松,包云轩,等,2016.基于不同参数化方案的高速公路大雾过程的数值模拟试验[J].气象,42(8):944-953. Huang Z,Yuan C S,Bao Y X,et al,2016. Numerical simulations of heavy fog processes on expressways based on different parameterization schemes[J]. Meteor Mon,42(8):944-953(in Chinese).
李子华,黄建平,孙博阳,等,1999.辐射雾发展的爆发性特征[J].大气科学,23(5):623-631. Li Z H,Huang J P,Sun B Y,et al.1999. Burst characteristics during the development of radiation fog[J]. Chin J Atmos Sci,23(5):623-631(in Chinese).
李子华,彭中贵,1994.重庆市冬季雾的物理化学特性[J].气象学报,52(4):477-483. Li Z H,Peng Z G, 1994. Physical and chemical characteristics of the Chongqing winter fog[J]. Acta Meteor Sin,52(4):477-483(in Chinese).
李子华,杨军,石春娥,等,2008.地区性浓雾物理[M].北京:气象出版社.Li Z H,Yang J,Shi C E,et al,2008. The Physics of Regional Dense Fog[M]. Beijing:China Meteorological Press(in Chinese).
刘端阳,濮梅娟,杨军,等,2009. 2006年12月南京连续4天浓雾的微物理结构及演变特征[J].气象学报,67(1):147-157. Liu D Y,Pu M J, Yang J,et al,2009. Microphysical structure and evolution of four-day persistent fogs around Nanjing in December2006[J]. Acta Meteor Sin,67(1):147-157(in Chinese).
陆春松,牛生杰,杨军,等,2010.南京冬季一次雾过程宏微观结构的突变特征及成因分析[J].大气科学,34(4):681-690. Lu C S,Niu S J,Yang J,et al,2010. Jump features and causes of macro and microphysical structures of a winter fog in Nanjing[J]. Chin J Atmos Sci,34(4):681-690(in Chinese).
濮梅娟,严文莲,商兆堂,等,2008a.南京冬季雾爆发性增强的物理特征研究[J].高原气象,27(5):1111-1118. Pu M J,Yan W L,Shang Z T,et al,2008a. Study on the physical characteristics of burst reinforcement during the winter fog of Nanjing[J]. Plateau Meteor,27(5):1111-1118(in Chinese).
濮梅娟,张国正,严文莲,等,2008b.一次罕见的平流辐射雾过程的特征[J].中国科学:地球科学,38(6):776-783.Pu M J,Zhang G Z,Yan W L,et al,2008b. Features of a rare advection-radiation fog event[J]. Sci China:Earth Sci,38(6):776-783(in Chinese).
田小毅,朱承瑛,张振东,等,2018.长江江苏段江面雾的特征和预报着眼点[J].气象,44(3):408-415. Tian X Y,Zhu C Y,Zhang Z D,et al,2018. Characteristics and forecasting focus for river fog in Jiangsu section of Yangtze River[J]. Meteor Mon, 44(3):408-415(in Chinese).
王益柏,梅娜,范磊,等,2014. WRF模式对2013年1月华北一次大雾的数值对比试验[J].气象,40(12):1522-1529. Wang Y B,Mei N, Fan L, et al, 2014. Comparative experiments of WRF simulation on a fog event of January 2013 in North China[J].Meteor Mon,40(12):1522-1529(in Chinese).
吴兑,邓雪娇,毛节泰,等,2007.南岭大瑶山高速公路浓雾的宏微观结构与能见度研究[J].气象学报,65(3):406-415. Wu D,DengX J,Mao J T,et al,2007. A study on macro-and micro-structures of heavy fog and visibility at freeway in the Nanling Dayaoshan Mountain[J]. Acta Meteor Sin, 65(3):406-415(in Chinese).
吴兑,邓雪娇,叶燕翔,等,2004.南岭大瑶山浓雾雾水的化学成分研究[J].气象学报,62(4):476-485. Wu D,Deng X J,Ye Y X,et al, 2004. The study on fog-water chemical composition in Dayaoshan of Nanling Mountain[J]. Acta Meteor Sin, 62(4):476-485(in Chinese).
吴兑,吴晓京,朱小祥,2009.雾和霾[M].北京:气象出版社.Wu D,Wu X J,Zhu X X,2009. Fog and Haze[M]. Beijing:China Meteorological Press(in Chinese).
许爱华,陈翔翔,肖安,等.2016.江西省区域性平流雾气象要素特征分析及预报思路[J].气象,42(3):372-381.Xu A H,Chen X X,Xiao A,et al.2016. Analysis on the characteristics of meteorological factors and forecast ideas for regional advection fog in Jiangxi[J]. Meteor Mon,42(3):372-381(in Chinese).
张琳娜,郭锐,2014. 2012年冬季北京三种高影响天气的关联与成因分析[J].气象,40(5):598-604. Zhang L N,Guo R,2014. Analyses on relationship and causes for the three high-influence weather events in Beijing in winter 2012[J]. Meteor Mon, 40(5):598-604(in Chinese).
Boutle I A, Finnenkoetter A, Lock A P, et al. 2016. The London Model:forecasting fog at 333 m resolution[J]. Quart J Roy Meteor Soc,142(694):360-371.
Cereceda P, Osses P, Larrain H, et al. 2002. Advective, orographic and radiation fog in the Tarapaca Region,Chile[J]. Atmos Res,64(1/2/3/4):261-271.
Collett Jr J L,Sherman D E,Moore K F,et al,2001. Aerosol particle processing and removal by fogs:observations in chemically heterogeneous central California radiation fogs[J]. Water, Air Soil Pollut:Focus, 1(5/6):303-312.
Elias T,Jolivet D,Mazoyer M,et al,2018. Favourable and unfavourable scenarii of radiative fog formation defined by ground-based and satellite observation data[J]. Aerosol Air Qual Res, 18(1):145-164.
Fuzzi S,Facchini M C,Orsi G,et al,1992. The Po valley fog experiment 1989[J].Tellus B,44(5):448-468.
Guo L J,Guo X L,Fang C G,et al,2015. Observation analysis on characteristics of formation, evolution and transition of a longlasting severe fog and haze episode in North China[J]. Sci China:Earth Sci,58(3):329-344.
Haeffelin M, Bergot T, Elias T,et al, 2010. PARISFOG:shedding new light on fog physical processes[J]. Bull Amer Meteor Soc,91(6):767-783.
Li Y L, Hoogeboom P, Russchenberg H, 2014. Observations and modeling of fog by cloud radar and optical sensors[C]//201444th European Microwave Conference. Rome,Italy:IEEE:1824-1827.
Li Z H,Zhang L M,Zhang Q H,1994. The physical structure of the winter fog in Chongqing metropolitan area and its formation process[J]. Acta Meteor Sin,8(3):316-328.