基于城市群的流域生态补偿机制研究——以长江流域为例
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摘要
跨较大空间范围流域内的城市群因地理区位、自然资源禀赋和社会经济结构等要素相似而使城市群内流域生态补偿机制的设计具有相似性,但不同城市群的流域生态补偿机制设计却因上述要素的不同而存在较大差异。而且,仅研究单个城市生态系统及其协作管理不能从根本上解决区域(包括城市群中流域、流域中城市群)生态环境问题。从城市群视角出发,研究区域协调发展能够提高城市间合作程度和政策制定的协调度,并为流域生态环境治理和生态系统服务供求平衡研究提供了一条新思路。以长江流域为例,研究典型城市群的流域生态补偿机制,对比不同城市群与城市群之间生态补偿机制设计的异同,形成基于城市群的长江流域生态补偿机制设计创新。为创新基于城市群的流域生态补偿长效机制和协调流域城市群生态环境保护体制提供政策建议。
The design of ecological compensation mechanisms in urban agglomerations of watersheds that span a large spatial range are similar. They are based on factors including similar geographical locations,nature resource endowments,and social economic structures. However, the design of ecological compensation mechanisms among different urban agglomerations is quite different based on the factors above. Moreover,the study of individual urban ecosystems and their collaborative management cannot fundamentally solve regional( including river basins in an urban agglomeration and urban agglomerations in a river basin),ecological,or environmental problems. From the perspective of urban agglomeration,the study of regional coordinated development can improve the degree of cooperation among cities and coordination of policy formulation. It can also provide new ideas for the study of river basin ecological/environmental governance and the balance of supply and demand for ecosystem services. Taking the Yangtze River basin as an example,we studied the ecological compensation mechanism of typical urban agglomerations,compared the differences and similarities in the design of ecological compensation mechanisms between different urban agglomerations,and formed the design innovation for the ecological compensation mechanism of the Yangtze River basin. Finally,we provide policy suggestions for innovating the long-term mechanism of ecological compensation based on urban agglomeration and coordinating the system of ecological and environmental protection for urban agglomerations.
The design of ecological compensation mechanisms in urban agglomerations of watersheds that span a large spatial range are similar. They are based on factors including similar geographical locations,nature resource endowments,and social economic structures. However, the design of ecological compensation mechanisms among different urban agglomerations is quite different based on the factors above. Moreover,the study of individual urban ecosystems and their collaborative management cannot fundamentally solve regional( including river basins in an urban agglomeration and urban agglomerations in a river basin),ecological,or environmental problems. From the perspective of urban agglomeration,the study of regional coordinated development can improve the degree of cooperation among cities and coordination of policy formulation. It can also provide new ideas for the study of river basin ecological/environmental governance and the balance of supply and demand for ecosystem services. Taking the Yangtze River basin as an example,we studied the ecological compensation mechanism of typical urban agglomerations,compared the differences and similarities in the design of ecological compensation mechanisms between different urban agglomerations,and formed the design innovation for the ecological compensation mechanism of the Yangtze River basin. Finally,we provide policy suggestions for innovating the long-term mechanism of ecological compensation based on urban agglomeration and coordinating the system of ecological and environmental protection for urban agglomerations.
引文
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[25]李静云,王世进.生态补偿法律机制研究.河北法学,2007,25(6):42-46.
[26]中国21世纪议程管理中心可持续发展战略研究组.生态补偿:国际经验与中国实践.北京:社科文献出版社,2007.
[27]姚士谋,陈振光,朱英明.中国城市群(第三版).北京:中国科技大学出版社,2006.
[28] Karan P P,Stapleton K. The Japanese City. Lexington,KY:University Press of Kentucky,2015.
[29]柳荻,胡振通,靳乐山.生态保护补偿的分析框架研究综述.生态学报,2018,38(2):380-392.
[30]王军锋,侯超波.中国流域生态补偿机制实施框架与补偿模式研究——基于补偿资金来源的视角.中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(2):24-29.
[31]方福前.公共选择理论——政治的经济学.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2000:44-44.
[32]许晨阳,钱争鸣,李雍容,彭本荣.流域生态补偿的环境责任界定模型研究.自然资源学报,2009,24(8):1488-1496.
[33] Engel S,Pagiola S,Wunder S. Designing payments for environmental services in theory and practice:an overview of the issues. Ecological Economics,2008,65(4):663-674.
[34] Landell-Mills N,Porras I T. Silver bullet or fools'gold?:A global review of markets for forest environmental services and their impact on the poor.London:International Institute for Environment and Development,2002.
[35]李远,彭晓春,周丽旋.流域生态补偿、污染赔偿政策与机制探索.北京:经济管理出版社,2012.
[36]王金南,刘桂环,张惠远,田仁生.流域生态补偿与污染赔偿机制研究.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2014.
[37] Aguilar F X,Obeng E A,Cai Z. Water quality improvements elicit consistent willingness-to-pay for the enhancement of forested watershed ecosystem services. Ecosystem Services,2018,30:158-171.
[38]搜狐财经.长江经济带激发活力沿江高铁将串起三大城市群.(2017-10-17). http://www.sohu.com/a/198417297_115124?_f=index_businessnews_0_0.
[39] Britto A L,Maiello A,Quintslr S. Water supply system in the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region:open issues,contradictions,and challenges for water access in an emerging megacity. Journal of Hydrology,2018,2:45.
[40] Grillos T. Economic vs non-material incentives for participation in an in-kind payments for ecosystem services program in Bolivia. Ecological Economics,2017,131:178-190.
[2]陈利顶,傅伯杰.流域生态补偿的基本原则与方法//新世纪新机遇新挑战——知识创新和高新技术产业发展(下册).长春:中国科学技术协会、吉林省人民政府,2001:2-2.
[3]张志强,程莉,尚海洋,李延梅.流域生态系统补偿机制研究进展.生态学报,2012,32(20):6543-6552.
[4] Grossman G M,Krueger A B. Economic growth and the environment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics,1995,110(2):353-377.
[5] Gibbs D,Jonas A,While A. Changing governance structures and the environment:economy-environment relations at the local and regional scales.Journal of Environmental Policy&Planning,2002,4(2):123-138.
[6] Marshall G. Nesting,subsidiarity,and community-based environmental governance beyond the local scale. International Journal of the Commons,2008,2(1):75-97.
[7] Qureshi S,Haase D,Coles R. The Theorized Urban Gradient(TUG)method—a conceptual framework for socio-ecological sampling in complex urban agglomerations. Ecological Indicators,2014,36:100-110.
[8] Von Glasow R,Jickells T D,Baklanov A,Carmichael G R,Church T M,Gallardo L,Hughes C,Kanakidou M,Liss P S,Mee L,Raine R,Ramachandran P,Ramesh R,Sundseth K,Tsunogai U,Uematsu M,Zhu T. Megacities and large urban agglomerations in the coastal zone:interactions between atmosphere,land,and marine ecosystems. AMBIO,2013,42(1):13-28.
[9] Jiang W G,Chen Z,Lei X,He B,Jia K,Zhang Y F. Simulation of urban agglomeration ecosystem spatial distributions under different scenarios:a case study of the Changsha–Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration. Ecological Engineering,2016,88:112-121.
[10]胡仪元,唐萍萍,陈珊珊.生态补偿理论依据研究的文献述评.陕西理工学院学报:社会科学版,2016,34(3):79-83.
[11]李小燕,胡仪元.水源地生态补偿标准研究现状与指标体系设计——以汉江流域为例.生态经济,2012,(11):154-157.
[12]俞海,任勇.中国生态补偿:概念、问题类型与政策路径选择.中国软科学,2008,(6):7-15.
[13] Wunder S. Payments for Environmental Services:Some Nuts and Bolts. Occasional Paper No. 42. Bogor:CIFOR,2005:3.
[14] Mayrand K,Paquin M. Payments for environmental services:A survey and assessment of current schemes. Montreal:Unisfera International Centre for the Commission of Environmental Cooperation of North America,2004.
[15] Bennett G,Carroll N. Gaining Depth:State of Watershed Investment 2014. Washington,DC:Ecosystem Marketplace,2014.
[16] Bennett G,Carroll N,Hamilton K. Charting New Waters:State of Watershed Payments 2012. Washington,DC:Forest Trends,2013.
[17] Armitage D,De Lo3 R,Plummer R. Environmental governance and its implications for conservation practice. Conservation Letters,2012,5(4):245-255.
[18] Muradian R,Arsel M,Pellegrini L,Adaman F,Aguilar B,Agarwal B,Corbera E,de Blas D E,Farley J,Froger G,Garcia-Frapolli E,GómezBaggethun E,Gowdy J,Kosoy N,Le Coq J F,Leroy P,May P,Méral P,Mibielli P,Norgaard R,Ozkaynak B,Pascual U,Pengue W,Perez M,Pesche D,Pirard R,Ramos-Martin J,Rival L,Saenz F,Van Hecken G,Vatn A,Vira B,Urama,K. Payments for ecosystem services and the fatal attraction of win-win solutions. Conservation Letters,2013,6(4):274-279.
[19] Bennett G,Carroll N. Gaining Depth:State of Watershed Investment 2014. Washington,DC:Ecosystem Marketplace,2014.
[20] Bennett G,Carroll N,Hamilton K. Charting New Waters:State of Watershed Payments 2012. Washington,DC:Forest Trends,2013.
[21] Brouwer R,Tesfaye A,Pauw P. Meta-analysis of institutional-economic factors explaining the environmental performance of payments for watershed services. Environmental Conservation,2011,38(4):380-392.
[22] Hanson C,Talberth J,Yonavjak L. Forests for Water:Exploring Payments for Watershed Services in the U.S. South WRI Issue Brief:Southern Forests for the Future Incentives Series. Washington DC:World Resources Institute,2011.
[23] Majanen T,Friedman R,Milder J. Innovations in Market-based Watershed Conservation in the United States:Payments for Watersehd Services for Agricultural and Forest Landowners. Washington,DC:Eco Agriculture Partners,2011.
[24] Porras I,Grieg-Gran M,Neves N. All That Glitters:A Review of Payments for Watershed Services in Developing Countries. London,UK:International Institute for Environment and Development,2008.
[25]李静云,王世进.生态补偿法律机制研究.河北法学,2007,25(6):42-46.
[26]中国21世纪议程管理中心可持续发展战略研究组.生态补偿:国际经验与中国实践.北京:社科文献出版社,2007.
[27]姚士谋,陈振光,朱英明.中国城市群(第三版).北京:中国科技大学出版社,2006.
[28] Karan P P,Stapleton K. The Japanese City. Lexington,KY:University Press of Kentucky,2015.
[29]柳荻,胡振通,靳乐山.生态保护补偿的分析框架研究综述.生态学报,2018,38(2):380-392.
[30]王军锋,侯超波.中国流域生态补偿机制实施框架与补偿模式研究——基于补偿资金来源的视角.中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(2):24-29.
[31]方福前.公共选择理论——政治的经济学.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2000:44-44.
[32]许晨阳,钱争鸣,李雍容,彭本荣.流域生态补偿的环境责任界定模型研究.自然资源学报,2009,24(8):1488-1496.
[33] Engel S,Pagiola S,Wunder S. Designing payments for environmental services in theory and practice:an overview of the issues. Ecological Economics,2008,65(4):663-674.
[34] Landell-Mills N,Porras I T. Silver bullet or fools'gold?:A global review of markets for forest environmental services and their impact on the poor.London:International Institute for Environment and Development,2002.
[35]李远,彭晓春,周丽旋.流域生态补偿、污染赔偿政策与机制探索.北京:经济管理出版社,2012.
[36]王金南,刘桂环,张惠远,田仁生.流域生态补偿与污染赔偿机制研究.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2014.
[37] Aguilar F X,Obeng E A,Cai Z. Water quality improvements elicit consistent willingness-to-pay for the enhancement of forested watershed ecosystem services. Ecosystem Services,2018,30:158-171.
[38]搜狐财经.长江经济带激发活力沿江高铁将串起三大城市群.(2017-10-17). http://www.sohu.com/a/198417297_115124?_f=index_businessnews_0_0.
[39] Britto A L,Maiello A,Quintslr S. Water supply system in the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Region:open issues,contradictions,and challenges for water access in an emerging megacity. Journal of Hydrology,2018,2:45.
[40] Grillos T. Economic vs non-material incentives for participation in an in-kind payments for ecosystem services program in Bolivia. Ecological Economics,2017,131:178-190.
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