2014—2018年宜昌市吸毒人群艾滋病哨点监测结果分析
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摘要
目的了解湖北省宜昌市2014—2018年吸毒人群中HIV、梅毒及HCV的感染情况,分析其相关高危行为的变化趋势,为更好地开展干预工作并制定防控策略提供依据。方法按照国家艾滋病哨点监测方案,采用统一的调查问卷,收集吸毒人群人口学和行为学等方面资料,并采集血样进行HIV、梅毒和丙肝抗体检测。结果 2014—2018年宜昌市共监测1 499名吸毒者,以40岁左右已婚男性为主,文化程度偏低;HIV、梅毒、HCV阳性率分别为0.27%、1.00%、54.44%,35岁以上高于35岁以下,女性高于男性;注射吸毒者占70.38%,其中曾经与他人共用针具吸毒者占53.93%;近一年内发生商业性行为的占13.74%,其中一直坚持使用安全套的占30.10%,比例均呈上升趋势;至少接受过一项干预服务的有1 243人,干预措施覆盖率82.92%。结论宜昌市吸毒人群HIV感染率总体处于低流行水平,但共针吸毒、商业性行为比例呈上升趋势,安全套使用率低,干预服务覆盖率未达标,应加大对吸毒人群的健康教育宣传和高危行为干预工作,预防和控制HIV、梅毒、丙肝等疾病的传播。
Objective To understand the infection status of HIV, syphilis and HCV among drug users in Yichang, Hubei Province from 2014 to 2018, and to analyze the trends of related high risk behaviors and provide the basis for better strategies for intervention, and prevention and control of these infectious diseases in the future. Methods According to the National AIDS Sentinel Surveillance Program, a unified questionnaire was used to collect demographic and behavioral data of drug users, and blood samples were collected and tested for HIV, syphilis and HCV antibodies. Results A total of 1 499 drug users were monitored from 2014 to 2018. The majority were married men aged about 40 years, with a low education level. The positive rates of HIV, syphilis and HCV were 0.27%, 1.00% and 54.44%, respectively. The infection rate was higher in people over 35 years old than people under 35 years old and was higher in females than in males. The injecting drug users accounted for 70.38%, of which 53.93% were those who had shared needles with others. In the past year, 13.74 percent of the drug users committed commercial sex, of which 30.10% had consistently used condoms. The proportion of condom use was on the rise. At least 1 243 people received one intervention, with an intervention coverage at 82.92 %. Conclusion The prevalence of HIV among drug users in Yichang City was generally low, but the proportion of drug abuse was increased, the rate of condom use was low, and the coverage rate of intervention service was not up to standard. Health education and high risk behavior intervention should be strengthened to prevent and control the spread of diseases such as HIV, syphilis, and HCV.
Objective To understand the infection status of HIV, syphilis and HCV among drug users in Yichang, Hubei Province from 2014 to 2018, and to analyze the trends of related high risk behaviors and provide the basis for better strategies for intervention, and prevention and control of these infectious diseases in the future. Methods According to the National AIDS Sentinel Surveillance Program, a unified questionnaire was used to collect demographic and behavioral data of drug users, and blood samples were collected and tested for HIV, syphilis and HCV antibodies. Results A total of 1 499 drug users were monitored from 2014 to 2018. The majority were married men aged about 40 years, with a low education level. The positive rates of HIV, syphilis and HCV were 0.27%, 1.00% and 54.44%, respectively. The infection rate was higher in people over 35 years old than people under 35 years old and was higher in females than in males. The injecting drug users accounted for 70.38%, of which 53.93% were those who had shared needles with others. In the past year, 13.74 percent of the drug users committed commercial sex, of which 30.10% had consistently used condoms. The proportion of condom use was on the rise. At least 1 243 people received one intervention, with an intervention coverage at 82.92 %. Conclusion The prevalence of HIV among drug users in Yichang City was generally low, but the proportion of drug abuse was increased, the rate of condom use was low, and the coverage rate of intervention service was not up to standard. Health education and high risk behavior intervention should be strengthened to prevent and control the spread of diseases such as HIV, syphilis, and HCV.
引文
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[3] 王增强,杨育红,陈杰毅,等.泉州市2013—2015年吸毒人群艾滋病哨点监测分析[J]. 海峡预防医学杂志,2017,23(4):35-37.
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[7] 邓晓,孙长喜,曾宪宏,等.十堰市被羁押监管人员艾滋病/性病感染现状及相关因素调查[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2018,29(04):138-140.
[8] 赖菁贞,梁冰玉,覃雄林,等.2010—2015年广西贵港市吸毒人群艾滋病及相关危险行为的变化趋势分析[J].广西医科大学学报,2018,35(05):724-728.
[9] Joshua D,Niforatos,Amy S,et al.Emergency provider documentation of sexual health risk factors and its association with HIV testing: A retrospective cohort study[J].American Journal of Emergency Medicine,2018.
[10] 沈琳,黄竹林,陈剑.长沙市2011—2015年吸毒人群艾滋病哨点监测分析[J].疾病监测与控制,2018,12(2):108-111.
[11] 陈燕玲,朱洁英,卢小明,等.新型毒品滥用者的心理健康状态探讨与护理干预[J]. 中国药物滥用防治杂志,2018,24(4):197-199.
[12] 王超,杨单单,罗英,等.成都市新型毒品吸食人员性行为特征及艾滋病风险认知状况定性分析[J].预防医学情报杂志,2018,34(10):1303-1306.
[13] 路亮,刘明斌,刘薇,等.南昌市男男性行为人群异性性行为的发生情况[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2017,28(5):132-134.
[14] Vincent J Cornelisse,Edwina J Wright,Christopher K Fairley,et al. Sexual safety and HIV prevention in travel medicine:Practical considerations and new approaches[J].Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease,2018.
[2] 曾广富,叶成龙,敖艳云.阳江市2010—2015年吸毒人群艾滋病哨点监测结果[J].中国热带医学,2018,18(07):712-715,725.
[3] 王增强,杨育红,陈杰毅,等.泉州市2013—2015年吸毒人群艾滋病哨点监测分析[J]. 海峡预防医学杂志,2017,23(4):35-37.
[4] 樊先权.2009—2013年苏州市戒毒所内吸毒人群艾滋病哨点监测[D].苏州:苏州大学,2013.
[5] 祝睿.宜昌市老年人健康服务需求分析及发展对策[J].中国老年学杂志,2017,37(10): 2582-2585.
[6] 周丽萍,邓先群.2012—2017年荆门市艾滋病哨点人群监测结果分析[J].中国卫生产业, 2017,14(36):13-15.
[7] 邓晓,孙长喜,曾宪宏,等.十堰市被羁押监管人员艾滋病/性病感染现状及相关因素调查[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2018,29(04):138-140.
[8] 赖菁贞,梁冰玉,覃雄林,等.2010—2015年广西贵港市吸毒人群艾滋病及相关危险行为的变化趋势分析[J].广西医科大学学报,2018,35(05):724-728.
[9] Joshua D,Niforatos,Amy S,et al.Emergency provider documentation of sexual health risk factors and its association with HIV testing: A retrospective cohort study[J].American Journal of Emergency Medicine,2018.
[10] 沈琳,黄竹林,陈剑.长沙市2011—2015年吸毒人群艾滋病哨点监测分析[J].疾病监测与控制,2018,12(2):108-111.
[11] 陈燕玲,朱洁英,卢小明,等.新型毒品滥用者的心理健康状态探讨与护理干预[J]. 中国药物滥用防治杂志,2018,24(4):197-199.
[12] 王超,杨单单,罗英,等.成都市新型毒品吸食人员性行为特征及艾滋病风险认知状况定性分析[J].预防医学情报杂志,2018,34(10):1303-1306.
[13] 路亮,刘明斌,刘薇,等.南昌市男男性行为人群异性性行为的发生情况[J].公共卫生与预防医学,2017,28(5):132-134.
[14] Vincent J Cornelisse,Edwina J Wright,Christopher K Fairley,et al. Sexual safety and HIV prevention in travel medicine:Practical considerations and new approaches[J].Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease,2018.