岩爆风险下深埋长大隧洞支护设计与工程实践
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摘要
岩爆风险下合理的支护设计能够有效防治和规避岩爆灾害的发生,减轻灾害造成的损失,确保人员和工程安全。但岩爆不同于普通的高应力破坏,有其特殊的诱发机制和控制策略。以世界埋深最大的锦屏二级水电站深埋隧洞为工程背景,基于不同类型岩爆的诱发机制,对施工中存在的支护单元选择存在的问题进行深入探讨。并针对深埋大理岩破裂和脆–延–塑转换两点突出特性,分别从破坏深度与承载能力、能量释放量与吸能能力、变形量与变形适应能力3个方面,提出岩爆条件下需关注的支护能力,并对支护单元的特点和功能进行详细分析,提出适合岩爆条件下的支护单元选型方法,并利用非连续力学方法对围岩的破裂损伤特征进行深入分析。最后,对岩爆条件下支护优化设计方法进行讨论。相关研究成果和实践经验可以为类似工程设计提供参考。
Reasonable supporting design can effectively control and avoid rock burst disaster under the risk of rock burst,reduce the loss caused by rock burst,and ensure the safety of the staff and project. Different from ordinary high stress damage,rock burst has its special trigger mechanism and control strategy. In the engineering background of the world′s largest deep buried tunnel of Jinping II hydropower station,based on the complexity of trigger mechanism of different type rock burst,discussed the question of supporting unit selection. According to two prominent features of fracture and brittle-ductile-plastic conversion of deep buried marble,respectively from three aspects of damage depth and carrying ability,energy release quantity and energy absorption ability and deformation and deformation ability,the supporting ability under the condition of rock burst is estimated,and the features and functions of supporting unit are analyzed in detail. Then the suitable supporting unit selection method under the condition of rock burst is proposed. The burst damage characteristics of surrounding rock are deeply analyzed by the discontinuous mechanics method. Finally,the support optimization design method under the condition of rock burst is discuss. The relevant research results and practical experience can provide a reference for similar engineering design.
Reasonable supporting design can effectively control and avoid rock burst disaster under the risk of rock burst,reduce the loss caused by rock burst,and ensure the safety of the staff and project. Different from ordinary high stress damage,rock burst has its special trigger mechanism and control strategy. In the engineering background of the world′s largest deep buried tunnel of Jinping II hydropower station,based on the complexity of trigger mechanism of different type rock burst,discussed the question of supporting unit selection. According to two prominent features of fracture and brittle-ductile-plastic conversion of deep buried marble,respectively from three aspects of damage depth and carrying ability,energy release quantity and energy absorption ability and deformation and deformation ability,the supporting ability under the condition of rock burst is estimated,and the features and functions of supporting unit are analyzed in detail. Then the suitable supporting unit selection method under the condition of rock burst is proposed. The burst damage characteristics of surrounding rock are deeply analyzed by the discontinuous mechanics method. Finally,the support optimization design method under the condition of rock burst is discuss. The relevant research results and practical experience can provide a reference for similar engineering design.
引文
[1]冯夏庭,陈炳瑞,张传庆,等.岩爆孕育过程的机制、预警与动态调控[M].北京:科学出版社,2013:1-3.(FENG Xiating,CHENBingrui,ZHANG Chuanqing,et al.Mechanism,warning and dynamic control of rockburst development process[M].Beijing:Science Press,2013:1-3.(in Chinese))
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[5]KAISER P K,MCCREATH D R,TANNANT D D.Canadian rockburst support handbook:volume 2:rockburst support[R].Sudbury,Ontario:Canadian Mining Industry Research Organization(-CAMIRO),1996.
[6]朱焕春,吴家耀,朱永生,等.锦屏二级水电站引水隧洞岩爆专题研究——2008~2010年阶段性总结报告[R].武汉:Itasca(武汉)咨询有限公司,2010.(ZHU Huanchun,WU Jiayao,ZHU Yongsheng,et al.Research on rockburst of Jinping II hydropower station diversiontunnel-2008-2010 summary report[R].Wuhan:Itasca Consulting Co.,Ltd.,2010.(in Chinese))
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[8]陈炳瑞,冯夏庭,明华军,等.深埋隧洞岩爆孕育规律与机制:时滞型岩爆[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(3):561-569.(CHENBingrui,FENG Xiating,MING Huajun,et al.Evolution law and mechanism of rockbursts in deep tunnel:time delayed rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(3):561-569.(in Chinese))
[9]周辉,孟凡震,张传庆,等.深埋硬岩隧洞岩爆的结构面作用机制分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(4):1-8.(ZHOU Hui,MENG Fanzhen,ZHANG Chuanqing,et al.Analysis of the structural plane controlling mechanism on rockburst in deep hard rock tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(4):1-8.(in Chinese))
[10]邱士利.深埋大理岩加卸荷变形破坏机制及岩爆倾向性评估方法研究[博士学位论文][D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2011.(QIU Shili.Study on deformation and failure mechanism of deep-buried hard rock under loading and unloading conditions and rockburst vulnerability assessment methods[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Wuhan:Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2011.(in Chinese))
[11]刘宁,张春生,褚卫江,等.深埋大理岩力学特性对岩爆发生条件的影响分析[J].岩土力学,2013,34(9):2 638-2 642.(LIU Ning,ZHANG Chunsheng,CHU Weijiang,et al.Influence of mechanical characteristics of deep-buried marble on rockburst occurrence conditions[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(9):2 638-2 642.(in Chinese))
[12]张春生,陈祥荣,侯靖,等.锦屏二级水电站深埋大理岩力学特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(10):1 999-2 009.(ZHANG Chunsheng,CHEN Xiangrong,HOU Jing,et al.Study of mechanical behavior of deep-buried marble at Jinping II Hydropower Station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(10):1 999-2 009.(in Chinese))
[13]刘宁,张春生,褚卫江.锦屏深埋大理岩破裂特征与损伤演化规律[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(8):1 606-1 613.(LIU Ning,ZHANG Chunsheng,CHU Weijiang.Fracture characteristics and damage evolution law of jinping deep marble[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(8):1 606-1 613(in Chinese))
[14]邱士利,张传庆.锦屏二级水电站引水隧洞岩爆产生机理、规律及其防治控制措施研究[R].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2013.(QIU Shili,ZHANG Chuanqing.Research on rock burst mechanism,regularity and its prevention measures of Jinping IIhydropower station diversion tunnel[R].Wuhan:Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2013.(in Chinese))
[2]PETER K,KAISER,CAI MING.Design of rock support system under rockburst condition[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2012,4(3):215-227.
[3]COOK N G W,HOEK E,PRETORIUS J P G,et al.Rock mechanics applied to the study of rockbursts[J].SAIMM,1966,66(10):436-528.
[4]ZHANG C Q,FENG X T,ZHOU H,et al.Case histories of four extremely intense rockbursts in deep tunnels[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2012,45(3):289-309.
[5]KAISER P K,MCCREATH D R,TANNANT D D.Canadian rockburst support handbook:volume 2:rockburst support[R].Sudbury,Ontario:Canadian Mining Industry Research Organization(-CAMIRO),1996.
[6]朱焕春,吴家耀,朱永生,等.锦屏二级水电站引水隧洞岩爆专题研究——2008~2010年阶段性总结报告[R].武汉:Itasca(武汉)咨询有限公司,2010.(ZHU Huanchun,WU Jiayao,ZHU Yongsheng,et al.Research on rockburst of Jinping II hydropower station diversiontunnel-2008-2010 summary report[R].Wuhan:Itasca Consulting Co.,Ltd.,2010.(in Chinese))
[7]冯夏庭,陈炳瑞,明华军,等.深埋隧洞岩爆孕育规律与机制:即时型岩爆[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(3):433-444.(FENGXiating,CHEN Bingrui,MING Huajun,et al.Evolution law and mechanism of rockbursts in deep tunnels:immediate rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(3):433-444.(in Chinese))
[8]陈炳瑞,冯夏庭,明华军,等.深埋隧洞岩爆孕育规律与机制:时滞型岩爆[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(3):561-569.(CHENBingrui,FENG Xiating,MING Huajun,et al.Evolution law and mechanism of rockbursts in deep tunnel:time delayed rockburst[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(3):561-569.(in Chinese))
[9]周辉,孟凡震,张传庆,等.深埋硬岩隧洞岩爆的结构面作用机制分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(4):1-8.(ZHOU Hui,MENG Fanzhen,ZHANG Chuanqing,et al.Analysis of the structural plane controlling mechanism on rockburst in deep hard rock tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(4):1-8.(in Chinese))
[10]邱士利.深埋大理岩加卸荷变形破坏机制及岩爆倾向性评估方法研究[博士学位论文][D].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2011.(QIU Shili.Study on deformation and failure mechanism of deep-buried hard rock under loading and unloading conditions and rockburst vulnerability assessment methods[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Wuhan:Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2011.(in Chinese))
[11]刘宁,张春生,褚卫江,等.深埋大理岩力学特性对岩爆发生条件的影响分析[J].岩土力学,2013,34(9):2 638-2 642.(LIU Ning,ZHANG Chunsheng,CHU Weijiang,et al.Influence of mechanical characteristics of deep-buried marble on rockburst occurrence conditions[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2013,34(9):2 638-2 642.(in Chinese))
[12]张春生,陈祥荣,侯靖,等.锦屏二级水电站深埋大理岩力学特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(10):1 999-2 009.(ZHANG Chunsheng,CHEN Xiangrong,HOU Jing,et al.Study of mechanical behavior of deep-buried marble at Jinping II Hydropower Station[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(10):1 999-2 009.(in Chinese))
[13]刘宁,张春生,褚卫江.锦屏深埋大理岩破裂特征与损伤演化规律[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(8):1 606-1 613.(LIU Ning,ZHANG Chunsheng,CHU Weijiang.Fracture characteristics and damage evolution law of jinping deep marble[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(8):1 606-1 613(in Chinese))
[14]邱士利,张传庆.锦屏二级水电站引水隧洞岩爆产生机理、规律及其防治控制措施研究[R].武汉:中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所,2013.(QIU Shili,ZHANG Chuanqing.Research on rock burst mechanism,regularity and its prevention measures of Jinping IIhydropower station diversion tunnel[R].Wuhan:Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2013.(in Chinese))