西宁盆地始新世河湖相沉积序列黏土矿物组合特征及其古环境意义
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摘要
始新世是全球气候从"温室"转化为"冰室"的一个重要时期,亚洲内陆在该时期发生了青藏高原隆升、副特提斯海海退等重大地质事件.位于青藏高原东北缘的西宁盆地具有连续完整的始新世河湖相沉积地层,以红色泥岩夹石膏层为主,记录了该时期的气候变化.本研究采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)对西宁盆地西箕沟剖面始新世河湖相沉积样品进行全岩及黏土矿物定性、半定量分析,以获取青藏高原东北缘及亚洲内陆地区始新世时期的古气候变化特征.为了有效解决目前通用的黏土矿物提取方法难以从石膏层中提取足量黏土的问题,引入一种新的黏土矿物提取方法.结果表明,西宁盆地始新世样品中主要矿物为石英、长石、方解石、白云石以及石膏;黏土矿物为伊利石、绿泥石及蒙脱石(含伊蒙混层矿物(I/S)).黏土矿物相对含量变化表明,始新世时期西宁盆地古气候在较为干旱的背景下经历了三次相对湿润的时段:52～50、41.5～39、35～34Ma.通过与同时期的深海氧同位素记录、副特提斯海海侵-海退事件以及青藏高原隆升等进行对比分析发现,西宁盆地始新世古气候主要受控于全球气候变化.
引文
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