香雪兰基质栽培试验研究
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摘要
以6种基质配制成11种复合基质栽培香雪兰,研究复合基质对香雪兰营养生长和生殖生长的影响,以期筛选出适合其栽培的复合基质。结果表明:"泥炭+椰糠+无机基质"(C7、C8、C9)组合有利于香雪兰的营养生长,也能较好地促进花葶高度的生长并有利于小花的开放,C7处理开花率最高。"泥炭+椰糠+无机基质"组合不仅有利于种球生长过程中物质的积累,同时还能提高繁殖系数,尤其以C8处理效果最佳。"园土+泥炭+河沙"组合与"园土+椰糠+河沙"组合进行比较,在椰糠与泥炭同等比例下,两组植物的生长及开花状况相当。基质中园土比例过大会抑制香雪兰的生长发育,不能满足其生长需求。综合来看,"泥炭+椰糠+无机基质"组合最有利于香雪兰的生长发育,在营养生长、开花及种球发育等方面均起到良好促进作用,且以再生性强的椰糠部分替代不可再生性的泥炭用于栽培香雪兰是可行的,此研究对指导今后生产实践有积极意义。
Preparing 11 compound substrates with 6 basic substrates,this paper studied effect of compound substrates on vegetative and reproduction growth of Freesia hybrida ‘Shangnong Purple Rose ',so as to screen the suitable compound substrate for its cultivation. The results showed that 3 compound substrates "peat + coco peat + inorganic materials"( C7,C8,C9) combinations were good for the vegetative growth of freesia. They could also improve the growth of scapes height and blossoming of floret,and C7 treatment had the highest abloom rate. The compound substrates"peat + coco peat + inorganic materials"were not only suitable for matter accumulation during the process of bulb growth, but also could improve reproduction coefficient, especially C8 treatment had the best effect.Comparing group "garden soil + peat + river sand"with group "garden soil + coco peat + river sand",the growth and flowering status were quite similar,in which coco peat and peat were in the same proportion. The too large proportion of common soil would inhibit the growth and development of freesia,and could not meet the needs of freesia growth. Taken together,the compound substrate with"peat + coco peat + inorganic materials"was the best for freesia growth and development. It could improve its vegetative growth,blossoming and bulb development. It was also feasible to replace peat with reproductive coco peat for freesia cultivation. This study had a positive significance for guiding production practice in the future.
Preparing 11 compound substrates with 6 basic substrates,this paper studied effect of compound substrates on vegetative and reproduction growth of Freesia hybrida ‘Shangnong Purple Rose ',so as to screen the suitable compound substrate for its cultivation. The results showed that 3 compound substrates "peat + coco peat + inorganic materials"( C7,C8,C9) combinations were good for the vegetative growth of freesia. They could also improve the growth of scapes height and blossoming of floret,and C7 treatment had the highest abloom rate. The compound substrates"peat + coco peat + inorganic materials"were not only suitable for matter accumulation during the process of bulb growth, but also could improve reproduction coefficient, especially C8 treatment had the best effect.Comparing group "garden soil + peat + river sand"with group "garden soil + coco peat + river sand",the growth and flowering status were quite similar,in which coco peat and peat were in the same proportion. The too large proportion of common soil would inhibit the growth and development of freesia,and could not meet the needs of freesia growth. Taken together,the compound substrate with"peat + coco peat + inorganic materials"was the best for freesia growth and development. It could improve its vegetative growth,blossoming and bulb development. It was also feasible to replace peat with reproductive coco peat for freesia cultivation. This study had a positive significance for guiding production practice in the future.
引文
[1]Anderson N O.Flower Breeding and Genetics[M].Springer Netherlands,2006.
[2]秦文英,林源祥.小苍兰研究[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1995.Qin W Y,Lin Y X.Study of Freesia[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technical Press,1995.
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[4]张晶,毛洪玉,崔文山,等.不同基质配比对仙客来幼苗的影响[J].辽宁农业科学,2006(4):19-21.Zhang J,Mao H Y,Cui W S,et al..Effect of different proportion of substrate on seedling of cyclamen[J].Liaoning Agric.Sci.,2006(4):19-21.
[5]刘茳,潘会堂,张启翔.不同基质对岩生报春盆花生长发育的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2013,25(3):509-514.Liu J,Pan H T,Zhang Q X.Effects on different substrates on growth of pot-planted Primula saxatilis[J].J.Zhejiang Agric.Univ.,2013,25(3):509-514.
[6]任志雨,姚萌,切岩祥,等.椰糠与蛭石的不同配比对甜椒幼苗质量的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(18):4493-4497.Ren Z Y,Yao M,Qie Y X,et al..The effects of different formula of coir dust substrate and vermiculite on quality of sweet pepper seedlings[J].Hubei Agric.Sci.,2015,54(18):4493-4497.
[7]林辉.小苍兰无土栽培的基质选择[J].福建热作科技,2008,33(4):6-8.Lin H.Choose the soilless cultural matrix of Freesia refracta Refracta[J].Fujian Trop.Crops Sci.Technol.,2008,33(4):6-8.
[8]秦文英,罗震伟,金为民,等.小苍兰基质栽培试验研究[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),1994(1):42-47.Qin W Y,Luo Z W,Jin W M,et al..Experimental study on soilless culture of Freesia[J].J.Shanghai Jiaotong Univ.(Agric.Sci.),1994(1):42-47.
[9]刘玉艳,伍敏华,于凤鸣,等.不同氮磷钾配比追肥对盆栽小苍兰生长发育的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2009,24(3):91-94.Liu Y Y,Wu M H,Yu F M,et al..Effects of different ratios of nitrogen,phosphorous and potassium on the growth and development of Freesia refracta in pot experiment[J].J.Northwest Forestry Univ.,2009,24(3):91-94.
[10]崔竹,吴敏.小苍兰无土栽培营养条件的初步研究[J].现代农业科技,2007(8):10.Cui Z,Wu M.A preliminary study on the nutrient conditions of soilness culture for Freesia hybrida[J].Mod.Agric.Sci.Technol.,2007(8):10.
[11]El-Sayed A,Safia E H H,Nabih A,et al..Raising Freesia refracta cv.Red lion corms from cormels in response to different growing media and actosol levels[J].J.Hortic.Sci.Ornam.Plants,2012,4(1):89-97.
[12]薛秋华.小苍兰无土栽培营养条件的初步研究[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),1998(1):62-68.Xue Q H.A preliminary study on the nutrient conditions of soilness culture for Freesia hybrida[J].J.Fujian Agro-forest.Univ.(Nat.Sci.),1998(1):62-68.
[13]田吉林,汪寅虎.设施无土栽培基质的研究现状、存在问题与展望(综述)[J].上海农业学报,2000,16(4):87-92.Tian J L,Wang Y H.Current situations and prospects of researches on soilless-culture substrent[J].Acta Agric.Shanghai,2000,16(4):87-92.
[14]仇淑芳,杨乐琦,黄丹枫,等.草炭椰糠复合基质对‘紫油菜’生长和品质的影响[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2016,34(2):40-46.Qiu S F,Yang L Q,Huang D F,et al..Effects of compound substrates with peat and coco peat on the prowth characters and the quality of Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis(L.)‘Ziyoucai’[J].J.Shanghai Jiaotong Univ.(Agric.Sci.),2016,34(2):40-46.
[15]朱国鹏,刘士哲,陈业渊,等.基于椰糠的新型无土栽培基质研究(Ⅱ)-配方试种筛选[J].热带作物学报,2005,26(2):100-106.Zhu G P,Liu S Z,Chen Y Y,et al..Study on new coir-based medium for soilless culture(II).Formula selection and evaluation[J].Chin.J.Trop.Crop.,2005,26(2):100-106.
[16]郑侃,梁栋,张喜瑞.椰子废弃物综合利用现状与分析[J].广东农业科学,2013(5):175-177.Zheng K,Liang D,Zhang X R.Status and analysis of coconut waste's comprehensive utilization[J].Guangdong Agric.Sci.,2013(5):175-177.
[17]Manickam I N,Subramanian P.Study of physical properties of coco peat[J].Int.J.Green Energy,2006(3):197-144.
[18]Noguera P,Abad M,Noguera A V,et al..Coconut coir dust waste,a new and viable ecologically-friendly peat substitute[J].Acta Horticul.,2000,517:279-286.
[2]秦文英,林源祥.小苍兰研究[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社,1995.Qin W Y,Lin Y X.Study of Freesia[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technical Press,1995.
[3]周海虹,富晓建.基质在园艺植物工厂化栽培生产中的应用现状与展望[J].农业经济,2004(14):55-55.Zhou H H,Fu X J.The status quo and future of the utilization of matrix components in the cultivation of the gardening botanic planting[J].Agric.Econom.,2004(14):55-55.
[4]张晶,毛洪玉,崔文山,等.不同基质配比对仙客来幼苗的影响[J].辽宁农业科学,2006(4):19-21.Zhang J,Mao H Y,Cui W S,et al..Effect of different proportion of substrate on seedling of cyclamen[J].Liaoning Agric.Sci.,2006(4):19-21.
[5]刘茳,潘会堂,张启翔.不同基质对岩生报春盆花生长发育的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2013,25(3):509-514.Liu J,Pan H T,Zhang Q X.Effects on different substrates on growth of pot-planted Primula saxatilis[J].J.Zhejiang Agric.Univ.,2013,25(3):509-514.
[6]任志雨,姚萌,切岩祥,等.椰糠与蛭石的不同配比对甜椒幼苗质量的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2015,54(18):4493-4497.Ren Z Y,Yao M,Qie Y X,et al..The effects of different formula of coir dust substrate and vermiculite on quality of sweet pepper seedlings[J].Hubei Agric.Sci.,2015,54(18):4493-4497.
[7]林辉.小苍兰无土栽培的基质选择[J].福建热作科技,2008,33(4):6-8.Lin H.Choose the soilless cultural matrix of Freesia refracta Refracta[J].Fujian Trop.Crops Sci.Technol.,2008,33(4):6-8.
[8]秦文英,罗震伟,金为民,等.小苍兰基质栽培试验研究[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),1994(1):42-47.Qin W Y,Luo Z W,Jin W M,et al..Experimental study on soilless culture of Freesia[J].J.Shanghai Jiaotong Univ.(Agric.Sci.),1994(1):42-47.
[9]刘玉艳,伍敏华,于凤鸣,等.不同氮磷钾配比追肥对盆栽小苍兰生长发育的影响[J].西北林学院学报,2009,24(3):91-94.Liu Y Y,Wu M H,Yu F M,et al..Effects of different ratios of nitrogen,phosphorous and potassium on the growth and development of Freesia refracta in pot experiment[J].J.Northwest Forestry Univ.,2009,24(3):91-94.
[10]崔竹,吴敏.小苍兰无土栽培营养条件的初步研究[J].现代农业科技,2007(8):10.Cui Z,Wu M.A preliminary study on the nutrient conditions of soilness culture for Freesia hybrida[J].Mod.Agric.Sci.Technol.,2007(8):10.
[11]El-Sayed A,Safia E H H,Nabih A,et al..Raising Freesia refracta cv.Red lion corms from cormels in response to different growing media and actosol levels[J].J.Hortic.Sci.Ornam.Plants,2012,4(1):89-97.
[12]薛秋华.小苍兰无土栽培营养条件的初步研究[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),1998(1):62-68.Xue Q H.A preliminary study on the nutrient conditions of soilness culture for Freesia hybrida[J].J.Fujian Agro-forest.Univ.(Nat.Sci.),1998(1):62-68.
[13]田吉林,汪寅虎.设施无土栽培基质的研究现状、存在问题与展望(综述)[J].上海农业学报,2000,16(4):87-92.Tian J L,Wang Y H.Current situations and prospects of researches on soilless-culture substrent[J].Acta Agric.Shanghai,2000,16(4):87-92.
[14]仇淑芳,杨乐琦,黄丹枫,等.草炭椰糠复合基质对‘紫油菜’生长和品质的影响[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2016,34(2):40-46.Qiu S F,Yang L Q,Huang D F,et al..Effects of compound substrates with peat and coco peat on the prowth characters and the quality of Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis(L.)‘Ziyoucai’[J].J.Shanghai Jiaotong Univ.(Agric.Sci.),2016,34(2):40-46.
[15]朱国鹏,刘士哲,陈业渊,等.基于椰糠的新型无土栽培基质研究(Ⅱ)-配方试种筛选[J].热带作物学报,2005,26(2):100-106.Zhu G P,Liu S Z,Chen Y Y,et al..Study on new coir-based medium for soilless culture(II).Formula selection and evaluation[J].Chin.J.Trop.Crop.,2005,26(2):100-106.
[16]郑侃,梁栋,张喜瑞.椰子废弃物综合利用现状与分析[J].广东农业科学,2013(5):175-177.Zheng K,Liang D,Zhang X R.Status and analysis of coconut waste's comprehensive utilization[J].Guangdong Agric.Sci.,2013(5):175-177.
[17]Manickam I N,Subramanian P.Study of physical properties of coco peat[J].Int.J.Green Energy,2006(3):197-144.
[18]Noguera P,Abad M,Noguera A V,et al..Coconut coir dust waste,a new and viable ecologically-friendly peat substitute[J].Acta Horticul.,2000,517:279-286.
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