健康城市评价体系设计及实证研究
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摘要
为应对快速城市化带来的一系列健康挑战,健康城市这一全球性战略应运而出,了解和评价我国城市的健康现状具有重要意义。文章构建了健康城市综合评价指标体系,并引入理想解和灰色关联分析法建立评价模型,以我国30个省会城市为例,对其在2012—2016年的城市健康状况进行评价。结果显示,我国健康城市的综合评价水平仍然偏低,评价期内,广州市的健康特征最高,石家庄市最低,东部省会城市间发展极不均衡;中部和东北部省会城市间综合差异较小,但整体层次亟待提升;西部省会城市中呼和浩特市和昆明市的健康评价较高,但仍需持续的政策引导以促进资源的合理分配。根据研究结论,文章提出了相应建议。
Healthy city is a global strategy, which aims to address a series of health challenges brought by rapid urbanization.It is of great significance to understand and evaluate the health status and problems of urban areas in our country. Based on the development of the definition of healthy city and healthy city construction index system, the evaluation index system of healthy city is proposed, and it is established by introducing Topsis and grey correlation analysis. This research uses 30 provincial capitals as examples and evaluates their urban health status in 2012-2016. The results show that the comprehensive evaluation level of healthy city in China is still low. During the evaluation period, Guangzhou has the highest health characteristics,Shijiazhuang is the lowest, and the development of cities in the eastern capitals is extremely uneven. The differences between the central and northeastern provincial capitals are small, but the overall level is urgently needed. The health evaluations of Hohhot and Kunming in the western provincial capitals are higher, but continued policy guidance is needed to promote the rational allocation of resources. According to the research conclusions, the article puts forward corresponding suggestions.
Healthy city is a global strategy, which aims to address a series of health challenges brought by rapid urbanization.It is of great significance to understand and evaluate the health status and problems of urban areas in our country. Based on the development of the definition of healthy city and healthy city construction index system, the evaluation index system of healthy city is proposed, and it is established by introducing Topsis and grey correlation analysis. This research uses 30 provincial capitals as examples and evaluates their urban health status in 2012-2016. The results show that the comprehensive evaluation level of healthy city in China is still low. During the evaluation period, Guangzhou has the highest health characteristics,Shijiazhuang is the lowest, and the development of cities in the eastern capitals is extremely uneven. The differences between the central and northeastern provincial capitals are small, but the overall level is urgently needed. The health evaluations of Hohhot and Kunming in the western provincial capitals are higher, but continued policy guidance is needed to promote the rational allocation of resources. According to the research conclusions, the article puts forward corresponding suggestions.
引文
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[21]Grant M. European healthy city network phase V:Patterns emerging for healthy urban planning[J]. Health Promotion International, 2015, 30(S1):i54-i70.
[22]曹雁翎.企业技术创新绩效评价——基于加权灰熵关联度[J].技术经济与管理研究,2015(9):43-47.
[2]邢育健.健康城市——21世纪城市化发展的一项新目标[J].江苏卫生保健,2001(4):40-41.
[3]傅华,玄泽亮,李洋.中国健康城市建设的进展及理论思考[J].医学与哲学(人文社会医学版),2006(1):12-15.
[4]World Health Organization. Healthy settings document series:No.2. Reginal guidelines for developing a healthy cities project[R]. Manila:WHO Reginal Office for the Western Pacific, 2000.
[5]谢剑峰.苏州市健康城市指标体系研究[D].苏州:苏州大学,2005.
[6]Webster P, Sanderson D. Healthy cities indicators—A suitable instrument to measure health?[J]. Journal of Urban Health,2016, 90(S1):52-61.
[7]刘艺.新疆健康城市评价指标体系的研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆大学,2012.
[8]于海宁,成刚,徐进,等.我国健康城市建设指标体系比较分析[J].中国卫生政策研究,2012(12):30-33.
[9]黄文杰.重庆市健康城市建设评价指标体系研究[D].重庆:重庆医科大学,2016.
[10]丁慧,陶诚.青岛市“健康城市”评价指标体系探讨[J].中国卫生质量管理,2016(6):93-96.
[11]北京市人民政府.健康北京“十二五”发展建设规划[EB/OL].(2011-08-24). http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2011-08/24/content_1931203.htm.
[12]杭州市人民政府.健康杭州“十二五”规划[EB/OL].(2011-07-27). http://www.hangzhou.gov.cn/art/2017/1/17/art_1256297_5249358.html.
[13]无锡市人民政府.无锡市建设健康城市行动计划(2011—2015年)[EB/OL].(2011-09-16). http://www.wuxi.gov.cn/web101/wxqk/gazette/gov_file/5266136.shtml.
[14]广州市人民政府.广州市建设健康城市规划(2011—2020年)[EB/OL].(2013-01-08). http://www.gz.gov.cn/gzgov/s2812/201302/1585890.shtml.
[15]上海市人民政府.上海市建设健康城市2015—2017年行动计划[EB/OL].(2014-12-10). http://www.shanghai.gov.cn/nw2/nw2314/nw2319/nw10800/nw11408/nw31831/u26aw40887.html.
[16]深圳市卫生和计划生育委员会.深圳市卫生与健康“十三五”规划[EB/OL].(2016-12-21). http://www.sz.gov.cn/wsj/ghjh/gmjjshfzghjh_3/201612/t20161221_5754963.htm.
[17]大连市人民政府.健康大连建设行动计划(2017—2020年).(2017-08-07). http://xzfw.dl.gov.cn/201707/5582.jhtml.
[18]中国城市发展网.中国健康城市2015年度测评结果[EB/Ol].(2015-11-03). http://www.chinacity.org.cn/cstj/zxgg/268321.html.
[19]国家卫生健康委员会:全国健康城市评价指标体系(2018版)政策解读[J].医学信息学杂志,2018(4):94.
[20]阮师漫,岳大海,成刚,等.健康城市视角下的国家卫生城市创建[J].环境与健康杂志,2014(9):829-832.
[21]Grant M. European healthy city network phase V:Patterns emerging for healthy urban planning[J]. Health Promotion International, 2015, 30(S1):i54-i70.
[22]曹雁翎.企业技术创新绩效评价——基于加权灰熵关联度[J].技术经济与管理研究,2015(9):43-47.