电子商务与农村扶贫效率:基于财政投入、人力资本的中介效应研究
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摘要
文章构建了电子商务影响农村扶贫效率的中介效应模型,通过分析电子商务对财政投入、人力资本两个中介变量的作用路径和作用强度,结合省级面板数据实证测度和分析了东部地区、中西部地区及全国的中介效应。实证结果表明:(1)不论从全国范围总体分析,还是分区域研究,财政投入对电子商务提升农村扶贫效率都存在负的中介效应,这反映政府财政资金的介入会导致电子商务提升农村扶贫效率的损失。(2)人力资本在全国和东部地区对电子商务提升农村扶贫效率存在正的中介效应;在中西部地区,存在负的中介效应。人力资本对电子商务提升农村扶贫效率的中介效应会随着地区环境异质性产生差异性,人力资本水平越高的地区,其提升扶贫效率的作用越强。
Financial input and human capital are closely related to the efficiency of rural poverty alleviation. In rural areas, the development of e-commerce plays a more and more important role in attracting financial support investment and human capital reflux, and has become an important driving force for the current rural poverty alleviation. This paper constructs the conceptual model of the mediating effect between the poverty alleviation and the e-commerce, explores the functional path and intensity of the e-commerce on the financial investment, human capital, and empirically analyzes the East China, the Midwest China and China on the basis of the provincial panel data. The empirical results show that:(1)At the national and regional level, financial input presents a negative mediation effect between the e-commerce and the efficiency of rural poverty alleviation, which reflects that the intervention of government financial funds will lead to the loss of e-commerce to enhance the efficiency of rural poverty alleviation;(2) In the country and the eastern region, the human capital has a positive mediation effect between the e-commerce and the efficiency of rural poverty alleviation; in the Midwest China, it shows a negative mediation effect. The mediating effect of human capital is different with the regional environmental heterogeneity. The higher the level of human capital, the more effective it will be to enhance the efficiency of poverty alleviation.
Financial input and human capital are closely related to the efficiency of rural poverty alleviation. In rural areas, the development of e-commerce plays a more and more important role in attracting financial support investment and human capital reflux, and has become an important driving force for the current rural poverty alleviation. This paper constructs the conceptual model of the mediating effect between the poverty alleviation and the e-commerce, explores the functional path and intensity of the e-commerce on the financial investment, human capital, and empirically analyzes the East China, the Midwest China and China on the basis of the provincial panel data. The empirical results show that:(1)At the national and regional level, financial input presents a negative mediation effect between the e-commerce and the efficiency of rural poverty alleviation, which reflects that the intervention of government financial funds will lead to the loss of e-commerce to enhance the efficiency of rural poverty alleviation;(2) In the country and the eastern region, the human capital has a positive mediation effect between the e-commerce and the efficiency of rural poverty alleviation; in the Midwest China, it shows a negative mediation effect. The mediating effect of human capital is different with the regional environmental heterogeneity. The higher the level of human capital, the more effective it will be to enhance the efficiency of poverty alleviation.
引文
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[2] Zaman K,Khan M M,Ahmad M. The Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investment and Pro-Poor Growth Policies in Pakistan:The New Interface[J]. Economic Modelling,2012,29:1 220-1 227.
[3] Pillay M,Rogerson C M. Agriculture-Tourism Linkages and Pro-Poor Impacts:The Accommodation Sector of Urban Coastal KwaZulu-Natal,South Africa[J]. Applied Geography,2013,36:49-58.
[4]王军,王芝华.习近平扶贫开发战略思想三维解析[J].湖湘论坛,2017,30(3):18-24.
[5]刘慧,叶尔肯·吾扎提.中国西部地区生态扶贫策略研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013(10):52-58.
[6]刘宇翔.欠发达地区农民合作扶贫模式研究[J].农业经济问题,2015(7):37-45,110-111.
[7]全臻,全承相,全永海.特惠金融扶贫信贷的风险控制[J].湖湘论坛,2016,29(2):73-76.
[8]黄渊基.连片特困地区旅游扶贫效率评价及时空分异——以武陵山湖南片区20个县(市、区)为例[J].经济地理,2017,37(11):229-235.
[9]柳思维.发展农村电商加快农村流通体系创新的思考[J].湖南社会科学,2017(2):108-114.
[10]汪向东,王昕天.电子商务与信息扶贫:互联网时代扶贫工作的新特点[J].西北农林科技大学学报:社会科学版,2015(4):98-104.
[11]鲁钊阳.政府扶持农产品电商发展政策的有效性研究[J].中国软科学,2018(5):56-78.
[12]崔景华,李万甫,谢远涛.基层财政支出配置模式有利于农户脱贫吗——来自中国农村家庭追踪调查的证据[J].财贸经济,2018,39(2):21-35.
[13]张全红.中国农村扶贫资金投入与贫困减少的经验分析[J].经济评论,2010(2):42-50.
[14]王朝阳,余玉苗,袁灵.财政扶贫与县域经济增长的实证研究[J].财政研究,2012(6):23-25.
[15]高远东,温涛,王小华.中国财政金融支农政策减贫效应的空间计量研究[J].经济科学,2013(1):36-46.
[16]王小华,王定祥,温涛.中国农贷的减贫增收效应:贫困县与非贫困县的分层比较[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2014(9):40-55.
[17]陈国强,罗楚亮,吴世艳.公共转移支付的减贫效应估计——收入贫困还是多维贫困?[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2018,35(5):59-76.
[18]赖玥,成天柱.财政扶贫的效率损失——基于财政激励视角的县级面板数据分析[J].经济问题,2014(5):33-37.
[19] Jess B,Spiegel M. The Role of Human Capital in Economic Development Evidence from Aggregate Cross-country Data[J]. Journal of Monetary Economies,1994,34(2):143-173.
[20]曾天山.以新理念新机制精准提升教育扶贫成效——以教育部滇西扶贫实践为例[J].教育研究,2016(12):35-42.
[21]温忠麟,张雷,侯杰泰,等.中介效应检验程序及其应用[J].心理学报,2004(5):614-620.
[22]江曙霞,严玉华.中国农村民间信用缓解贫困的有效性分析[J].财经研究,2006(10):4-16.
[23]联合国教科文组织国际教育发展委员会.学会生存:教育世界的今天和明天[M].北京:教育科学出版社,1996.
[24]陈钊,陆铭,金煜.中国人力资本和教育发展的区域差异:对于面板数据的估算[J].世界经济,2004(12):25-31,77.
(1)由于电子商务销售额的省级数据是从2013年开始统计的,故本文的实证面板数据从2013年开始。
(1)为消除异方差,在检验时都对自变量做了取对数处理。
(2)按照一般通行的做法,东部地区:北京、天津、河北、辽宁、上海、江苏、浙江、福建、山东、广东、海南;中部地区:山西、吉林、黑龙江、安徽、江西、河南、湖北、湖南;西部地区:内蒙古、广西、重庆、四川、贵州、云南、陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆。考虑到样本数量问题,在本文实证分析将中部地区与西部地区进行了合并处理。
(1)用政府财政支农支出/总支出来表示,其中财政支农支出以各省各年财政用于农林水事务的总支出来衡量。
(2)陈钊等[24]给出了一个衡量人均教育年限的公式:人均受教育年限=(小学人口×6+初中人口×9+高中人口×12+大专及以上人口×16)/6岁及以上总人口。
[2] Zaman K,Khan M M,Ahmad M. The Relationship Between Foreign Direct Investment and Pro-Poor Growth Policies in Pakistan:The New Interface[J]. Economic Modelling,2012,29:1 220-1 227.
[3] Pillay M,Rogerson C M. Agriculture-Tourism Linkages and Pro-Poor Impacts:The Accommodation Sector of Urban Coastal KwaZulu-Natal,South Africa[J]. Applied Geography,2013,36:49-58.
[4]王军,王芝华.习近平扶贫开发战略思想三维解析[J].湖湘论坛,2017,30(3):18-24.
[5]刘慧,叶尔肯·吾扎提.中国西部地区生态扶贫策略研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013(10):52-58.
[6]刘宇翔.欠发达地区农民合作扶贫模式研究[J].农业经济问题,2015(7):37-45,110-111.
[7]全臻,全承相,全永海.特惠金融扶贫信贷的风险控制[J].湖湘论坛,2016,29(2):73-76.
[8]黄渊基.连片特困地区旅游扶贫效率评价及时空分异——以武陵山湖南片区20个县(市、区)为例[J].经济地理,2017,37(11):229-235.
[9]柳思维.发展农村电商加快农村流通体系创新的思考[J].湖南社会科学,2017(2):108-114.
[10]汪向东,王昕天.电子商务与信息扶贫:互联网时代扶贫工作的新特点[J].西北农林科技大学学报:社会科学版,2015(4):98-104.
[11]鲁钊阳.政府扶持农产品电商发展政策的有效性研究[J].中国软科学,2018(5):56-78.
[12]崔景华,李万甫,谢远涛.基层财政支出配置模式有利于农户脱贫吗——来自中国农村家庭追踪调查的证据[J].财贸经济,2018,39(2):21-35.
[13]张全红.中国农村扶贫资金投入与贫困减少的经验分析[J].经济评论,2010(2):42-50.
[14]王朝阳,余玉苗,袁灵.财政扶贫与县域经济增长的实证研究[J].财政研究,2012(6):23-25.
[15]高远东,温涛,王小华.中国财政金融支农政策减贫效应的空间计量研究[J].经济科学,2013(1):36-46.
[16]王小华,王定祥,温涛.中国农贷的减贫增收效应:贫困县与非贫困县的分层比较[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2014(9):40-55.
[17]陈国强,罗楚亮,吴世艳.公共转移支付的减贫效应估计——收入贫困还是多维贫困?[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2018,35(5):59-76.
[18]赖玥,成天柱.财政扶贫的效率损失——基于财政激励视角的县级面板数据分析[J].经济问题,2014(5):33-37.
[19] Jess B,Spiegel M. The Role of Human Capital in Economic Development Evidence from Aggregate Cross-country Data[J]. Journal of Monetary Economies,1994,34(2):143-173.
[20]曾天山.以新理念新机制精准提升教育扶贫成效——以教育部滇西扶贫实践为例[J].教育研究,2016(12):35-42.
[21]温忠麟,张雷,侯杰泰,等.中介效应检验程序及其应用[J].心理学报,2004(5):614-620.
[22]江曙霞,严玉华.中国农村民间信用缓解贫困的有效性分析[J].财经研究,2006(10):4-16.
[23]联合国教科文组织国际教育发展委员会.学会生存:教育世界的今天和明天[M].北京:教育科学出版社,1996.
[24]陈钊,陆铭,金煜.中国人力资本和教育发展的区域差异:对于面板数据的估算[J].世界经济,2004(12):25-31,77.
(1)由于电子商务销售额的省级数据是从2013年开始统计的,故本文的实证面板数据从2013年开始。
(1)为消除异方差,在检验时都对自变量做了取对数处理。
(2)按照一般通行的做法,东部地区:北京、天津、河北、辽宁、上海、江苏、浙江、福建、山东、广东、海南;中部地区:山西、吉林、黑龙江、安徽、江西、河南、湖北、湖南;西部地区:内蒙古、广西、重庆、四川、贵州、云南、陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆。考虑到样本数量问题,在本文实证分析将中部地区与西部地区进行了合并处理。
(1)用政府财政支农支出/总支出来表示,其中财政支农支出以各省各年财政用于农林水事务的总支出来衡量。
(2)陈钊等[24]给出了一个衡量人均教育年限的公式:人均受教育年限=(小学人口×6+初中人口×9+高中人口×12+大专及以上人口×16)/6岁及以上总人口。