正交设计法优化碳纤维表面连续镀镍工艺及性能
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摘要
采用正交设计法,以镀镍碳纤维镀层电阻率为考察目标,对碳纤维表面连续电镀镍工艺参数进行优化。采用L9(33)正交试验对碳纤维表面进行电镀镍处理,电镀温度、电流密度、电镀时间作为3个因素。采用冷热循环法测试镀镍碳纤维镀层和碳纤维的结合力,采用X射线光电子能谱仪研究镀镍碳纤维镀层的元素组成及化学状态,采用电子万能材料试验机测试镀镍碳纤维的力学性能。结果表明:最优的碳纤维表面镀镍处理条件是:电镀温度50℃,电流密度0.5 A/dm2,电镀时间6min。镀镍碳纤维镀层和碳纤维是通过Ni—C—O键实现紧密结合的,部分表层金属镍被氧化生成了NiO。由于镀层的存在,使得镀镍碳纤维和树脂间的界面结合力发生了改变,从而导致镀镍碳纤维的力学性能有所下降。
The process parameters of continuous nickel plating on carbon ?bers were optimized by orthogonal design method with the resistivity of nickel-plated carbon ?bers as the object of investigation. The surface of carbon ?ber was electroplated by L9(33)orthogonal experiment. Electroplating temperature,current density,electroplating time was used as three factors. The adhesion of nickel coating on carbon ?ber and carbon ?ber was measured by the method of cold and hot cycling. The elemental composition and chemical state of nickel-coated carbon ?ber were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The mechanical property of nickelcoated carbon ?ber was measured by electronic universal testing machine. The results show that the optimum treatment conditions are as follows :electroplating temperature 50℃,current density 0.5 A/dm2,electroplating time 6 min. The nickel coating and carbon ?ber are tightly bonded by Ni–C–O bond,and some metal nickel on the surface is oxidized to form NiO. Due to the existence of nickel coating,the interfacial adhesion between nickel-coated carbon ?ber and resin is changed,which leads to the decrease of mechanical properties of nickel-coated carbon ?ber.
The process parameters of continuous nickel plating on carbon ?bers were optimized by orthogonal design method with the resistivity of nickel-plated carbon ?bers as the object of investigation. The surface of carbon ?ber was electroplated by L9(33)orthogonal experiment. Electroplating temperature,current density,electroplating time was used as three factors. The adhesion of nickel coating on carbon ?ber and carbon ?ber was measured by the method of cold and hot cycling. The elemental composition and chemical state of nickel-coated carbon ?ber were studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The mechanical property of nickelcoated carbon ?ber was measured by electronic universal testing machine. The results show that the optimum treatment conditions are as follows :electroplating temperature 50℃,current density 0.5 A/dm2,electroplating time 6 min. The nickel coating and carbon ?ber are tightly bonded by Ni–C–O bond,and some metal nickel on the surface is oxidized to form NiO. Due to the existence of nickel coating,the interfacial adhesion between nickel-coated carbon ?ber and resin is changed,which leads to the decrease of mechanical properties of nickel-coated carbon ?ber.
引文
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[2]罗嗣友,赵晨亮,李培涛.碳纤维化学镀镍技术研究进展[J].建材世界,2012,33(4):30-32.Luo Siyou,Zhao Chenliang,Li Peitao.Progress research on nickel electroless plating on carbon fiber[J].The World of Building Materials,2012,33(4):30-32.
[3]任富忠,高家诚,谭尊.碳纤维增强镁基复合材料的界面研究进展[J].功能材料,2009,40(12):1 947-1 950.Ren Fuzhong,Gao Jiacheng,Tan Zun.Development of interface research in carbon fiber reinforced magnesium-based composite materials[J].Journal of Function Materials,2009,40(12):1 947-1 950.
[4]吕晓轩,吕春祥,杨禹,等.碳纤维表面电镀镍研究[J].化工新型材料,2011,39(8):89-91.Lv Xiaoxuan,Lv Chunxiang,Yang Yu,et al.Study on electroplated Ni coating of carbon fibers[J].New Chemical Matearials,2011,39(8):89-91.
[5]Huang Chiyuan,Wu Changcheng.The EMI shielding effectiveness of PC/ABS/nickel coated-carbon-fibre composites[J].European Polymer Journal,2000,36:2 729-2 737.
[6]曹卓坤,刘宜汉,姚广春.硫酸盐酸性镀液中碳纤维电镀铜[J].过程工程学报,2006(4):651-655.Cao Zhuokun,Liu Yihan,Yao Guangchun.Electroplating of carbon fibers in sulfate acidic solution[J].The Chinese Journal of Process Engineering,2006(4):651-655.
[7]高雷,王文芳,吴玉程,等.碳纤维表面连续镀铜工艺及性能研究[J].电镀与涂饰,2012,31(4):4-7.Gao Lei,Wang Wenfang,Wu Yucheng,et al.Study on continuous copper plating and properties on surface of carbon fiber[J].Electroplating&Finishing,2012,31(4):4-7.
[8]季涛,史蕾蕾,练敏芳.碳纤维表面镀铜的初步研究[J].产业用纺织品,2007(10):35-37,43.Ji Tao,Shi Leilei,Lian Minfang.Preliminary study on surface copperize of carbon fiber[J].Technical Textiles,2007(10):35-37,43.
[9]王敏,曲迎东,李广龙,等.镀镍短碳纤维增强铝基复合材料的组织及性能[J].特种铸造及有色合金,2017,37(10):1 117-1 120.Wang Min,Qu Yingdong,Li Guanglong,et al.Microstructure and properties of short nickel coated carbon fibers reinforced aluminum matrix composites[J].Special Casting&Nonferrous Alloys,2017,37(10):1 117-1 120.
[10]闫丽丽,乔妙杰,雷忆三,等.化学镀镍碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料电磁屏蔽性能[J].复合材料学,2013,30(2):44-49.Yan Lili,Qiao Miaojie,Lei Yisan,et al.EMI shielding effectiveness of electroless nickel-plated carbon fibers/epoxy resin composites[J].Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica,2013,30(2):44-49.
[11]刘靖忠,李国栋,熊翔,等.碳纤维电镀Cu/Ni双镀层及其性能表征,粉末冶金材料科学与工程,2016,21(1):180-188.Liu Jingzhong,Li Guodong,Xiong Xiang,et al.Fabrication and properties of electroplating Cu/Ni duplex coating on carbon fiber[J].Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy,2016,21(1):180-188.
[12]华中胜,姚广春,马佳,等.碳纤维表面镍镀层的XPS分析[J].中国有色金属学报,2011,21(1):165-170.Hua Zhongsheng,Yao Guangchun,Ma Jia,et al.XPS analysis of nickel layers on carbon fibers[J].The Chinese journal of nonferrous metals,2011,21(1):165-170.
[13]韩笑,周玉玺,王增加,等.电镀时间对碳纤维表面连续电镀镍的影响[J].电镀与涂饰,2014,33(9):363-365.Han Xiao,Zhou Yuxi,Wang Zengjia,et al.Influence of plating time on continuous nickel electroplating of carbon fiber[J].Electroplating&Finishing,2014,33(9):363-365.
[14]Djamal Akbarov,Bakhodir Baymuratov,Rustam Akbarovo,et al.Optimizing process parameters in polyacrylonitrile production for metallization with nickel[J].Textile Research Journal,2005,75(3):197-202.
[15]Satyaprakash Kushwaha1,Kamal K Kar,P Santhana Gopala Krishnan,et al.Preparation and characterization of nickel coated carbon fiber reinforced polycarbonate composites[J].Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 2011,30(14):1 185-1 196.
[16]Khoddamzadeh A,Liu R,Liang M,et al.A new composite material-low-carbon stellite alloy reinforced with nickelcoatedcarbon fibers[J].Journal of Composite Materials,2014,48(2):179-190.
[17]Muhammad Muddassir,Miro Duhovic,Martin Gurka.Acomprehensive study of metal-coated short carbon fibers,graphiteparticles,and hybrid fillers for induction heating[J].Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials,2018(1):1-20.