江苏南部潮间带大型底栖动物功能群研究
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摘要
为更好了解江苏近岸海域潮间带大型底栖动物功能群,2014年5月、8月、10月和2015年3月在江苏南部潮间带5个断面15个站位开展了大型底栖动物调查,布设高潮区、中潮区和低潮区研究了该区域大型底栖动物功能群组成及时空变化。共采集潮间带大型底栖动物64种,以环节动物、软体动物和甲壳动物为主。根据摄食功能将大型底栖动物分为肉食者、杂食者、浮游生物食者、碎屑食者和植食者5个功能群。各功能群物种数由高到低依次是肉食者、杂食者、浮游生物食者、碎屑食者和植食者。各功能群生物密度由高到低依次是浮游生物食者、肉食者、杂食者、碎屑食者和植食者。大型底栖动物平均密度在季节间和断面间的差异不显著(P> 0. 05),在潮区间的差异显著(P <0. 01)。浮游生物食者平均生物量明显高于其它功能摄食类群,为55. 23 g·m~(-2),占总生物量的83. 41%;其次是杂食者,平均生物量为4. 34 g·m~(-2);碎屑食者最低,平均生物量为0. 20 g·m-2。大型底栖动物平均生物量在季节间和断面间的差异不显著(P> 0. 05),在潮区间的差异显著(P <0. 01)。肉食者Shannon-wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数均最高,其次是浮游生物食者。潮区分布上,3种多样性指数均是中潮区最高,高、低潮区较低。以上结果表明:浮游生物食者和肉食者是组成江苏近岸海域潮间带大型底栖动物的主要功能群,各功能群中浮游生物食者的生物量占比远高于其它几个功能群,其中四角蛤蜊(Mactra veneriformis)和文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)平均生物量超过总生物量10%,分别为17%和55%。
Functional groups of macrobenthos are vital for the comprehensive evaluation of ecological function changes in intertidal zone. In order to get a better understanding of the functional groups of macrobenthos,the surveys were conducted at 15 locations of 5 sections in the intertidal zone of Jiangsu coastal areas in May,August,October 2014 and March 2015. Three zones including high tide zone( H),middle tide zone( M) and low tide zone( L) were selected to study the functional groups of macrozoobenthos in the flat. The results demonstrated that a total of 64 macrozoobenthos species were recorded,most of which were polychaete( 30 species),mollusk( 19 species) and crustacean( 11 species). The species number in H,M and L was 37,35 and 35 respectively. According to their feeding functions, the macrozoobenthos were classified into 5 functional groups: carnivorous, omnivorous, planktophagous, detritivorous, phytophagous. The species number of each functional group of macrozoobenthos was in the order of carnivorous > omnivorous >planktophagous > detritivorous > phytophagous. The abundance of each functional group in order was planktophagous > camivorous > omnivorous > detritivorous > phytophagous. There were significant differences between middle tide zone and other two tide zones but no significant difference between seasons or sections by the one-way ANOVA method. Planktophagous group had the highest biomass of 55. 23 g·m-2,accounting for 83. 41% of total. Omnivorous group had the biomass of 4. 34 g·m-2 secondly while detritivorous group had the lowest biomass of 0. 20 g·m-2. Overall,the relative biomass and diversity index were the highest in middle tide zone and lower in high and low tide zone. But there was no significant difference between seasons or sections by the one-way ANOVA method. Carnivorous group had the highest diversity indices( ShannonWiener index,Margalef index,Pielou index),and planktophagous group had the second. In the distribution of the tidal zone,the middle tide zone had higher diversity indices( Shannon-Wiener index,Margalef index,Pielou index) while the high and low tide zones had the lower. In conclusion,planktophagous group and carnivourous group were the main functional groups of macrobenthos in the intertidal zone of Jiangsu coastal areas. The biomass of the planktophagous group was much higher than that of the other functional groups. The average biomass of Mactra veneriformis and Meretrix meretrix was 17% and 55% respectively,both over 10%of the total biomass.
Functional groups of macrobenthos are vital for the comprehensive evaluation of ecological function changes in intertidal zone. In order to get a better understanding of the functional groups of macrobenthos,the surveys were conducted at 15 locations of 5 sections in the intertidal zone of Jiangsu coastal areas in May,August,October 2014 and March 2015. Three zones including high tide zone( H),middle tide zone( M) and low tide zone( L) were selected to study the functional groups of macrozoobenthos in the flat. The results demonstrated that a total of 64 macrozoobenthos species were recorded,most of which were polychaete( 30 species),mollusk( 19 species) and crustacean( 11 species). The species number in H,M and L was 37,35 and 35 respectively. According to their feeding functions, the macrozoobenthos were classified into 5 functional groups: carnivorous, omnivorous, planktophagous, detritivorous, phytophagous. The species number of each functional group of macrozoobenthos was in the order of carnivorous > omnivorous >planktophagous > detritivorous > phytophagous. The abundance of each functional group in order was planktophagous > camivorous > omnivorous > detritivorous > phytophagous. There were significant differences between middle tide zone and other two tide zones but no significant difference between seasons or sections by the one-way ANOVA method. Planktophagous group had the highest biomass of 55. 23 g·m-2,accounting for 83. 41% of total. Omnivorous group had the biomass of 4. 34 g·m-2 secondly while detritivorous group had the lowest biomass of 0. 20 g·m-2. Overall,the relative biomass and diversity index were the highest in middle tide zone and lower in high and low tide zone. But there was no significant difference between seasons or sections by the one-way ANOVA method. Carnivorous group had the highest diversity indices( ShannonWiener index,Margalef index,Pielou index),and planktophagous group had the second. In the distribution of the tidal zone,the middle tide zone had higher diversity indices( Shannon-Wiener index,Margalef index,Pielou index) while the high and low tide zones had the lower. In conclusion,planktophagous group and carnivourous group were the main functional groups of macrobenthos in the intertidal zone of Jiangsu coastal areas. The biomass of the planktophagous group was much higher than that of the other functional groups. The average biomass of Mactra veneriformis and Meretrix meretrix was 17% and 55% respectively,both over 10%of the total biomass.
引文
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[3]王颖.南黄海辐射沙脊群环境与资源[M].北京:海洋出版社,2014.WANG Y.Environment and resources of the radiation sand ridges in the South Yellow Sea[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,2014.
[4]陆健健.河口生态学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2003.LU J J.Estuarine ecology[M].Beijing:Ocean Press,2003.
[5]YEOM D H,ADAMS S M.Assessing effects of stress across levels of biological organization using an aquatic ecosystem health index[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2007,67(2):286-295.
[6]JEANETTE L S,MIKE A K,ANTHONY J S H,et al.Can functional groups be used to indicate estuarine ecological status[J].Hydrobiologia,2007,588(1):45-58.
[7]TERBORG J,ROBINSON S.Community ecology:Patterns and processes[M].Melbourne:Blackwell Scientific Publications,1986.
[8]STENECK R S,WATLING L.Feeding capabilities and limitations of herbivorous molluscs:A functional group approach[J].Marine Biology,1982,68(3):299-319.
[9]ROTH S,WILSON J G.Functional analysis by trophic guilds of macrobenthic community structure in Dublin Bay,Ireland[J].Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,1998,222(1-2):195-217.
[10]TALLEY T S,DAYTON P K,IBARRA OBANDO SE.Tidal flat macrofaunal communities and their associated environments in estuaries of southern California and northern Baja California,Mexico[J].Estuaries and Coasts,2000(23):97-114.
[11]WIEKING G,KRNCKE I.Is benthic trophic structure affected by food quality?The Dogger Bank example[J].Marine Biology Research,2005,146(2):387-400.
[12]THRUSH S F,HEWITT J E,GIBBS M,et al.Functional role of large organisms in intertidal communities:Community effects and ecosystem function[J].Ecosystems,2006,9(6):1029-1040.
[13]李新正,于子山,王金宝,等.南黄海大型底栖生物次级生产力研究[J].应用与环境生物学报,2005,11(6):702-705.LI X Z,YU Z S,YAN J B,et al.Secondary production of macrobenthos in Southern Yellow Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology,2005,11(6):702-705.
[14]周进,李新正,李宝泉.黄海中华哲水蚤度夏区大型底栖动物的次级生产力[J].动物学报,2008,54(3):436-441.ZHOU J,LI X Z,LI B Q.Secondary productivity of macrobenthos from the Calanus sinicus over-summer area in the Yellow Sea[J].Acta Zoologica Sinica,2008,54(3):436-441.
[15]彭松耀,李新正,王洪法,等.南黄海春季大型底栖动物优势种生态位[J].生态学报,2015,35(06):1917-1928.PENG S Y,LI X Z,WANG H F,et al.Niche analysis of dominant species of macrozoobenthic community in the southern Yellow Sea in spring[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(06):1917-1928.
[16]袁健美,张虎,贲成恺,等.海洲湾大型底栖动物群落组成及次级生产力[J].海洋渔业,2018,40(1):19-26.YUAN J M,ZHANG H,BEN C K,et al.Macrobenthic community composition and it’s secondary productivity in Haizhou Bay[J].Marine Fisheries,2018,40(1):19-26.
[17]袁兴中,陆健健,刘红.长江口底栖动物功能群分布及其变化[J].生态学报,2002,22(12):2054-2062.YUAN X Z,LU J J,LIU H.Distribution pattern and variation in the functional groups of zoobenthos in the Changjiang Estuary[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2002,22(12):2054-2062.
[18]吕巍巍,马长安,余骥,等.长江口横沙东滩围垦潮滩内外大型底栖动物功能群研究[J].生态学报,2013,33(21):6825-6833.LV W W,MA C A,YU J,et al.Macrobenthic functional groups at the reclamation and natural tidal flats of Hengsha East Shoal in the Estuary of Changjiang River[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(21):6825-6833.
[19]葛宝明,鲍毅新,程宏毅,等.灵昆岛东滩潮间带大型底栖动物功能群及营养等级构成[J].生态学报,2008,28(10):4796-4804.GE B M,BAO Y X,CHENG H Y,et al.The trophic functional groups and trophic levels of the microbenthic community at the east tidal flat of Lingkun Island[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(10):4796-4804.
[20]辛俊宏,任一平,徐宾铎,等.胶州湾西北部潮滩湿地大型底栖动物功能群[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(07):1885-1892.XIN J H,REN Y P,XU B D,et al.Macrozoobenthos functional groups in intertidal flat of northwest Jiaozhou Bay[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2011,22(07):1885-1892.
[21]张虎,郭仲仁,刘培廷,等.江苏省海岛潮间带底栖动物分布特征[J].南方水产,2010,04:49-55.ZHANG H,GUO Z R,LIU P T,et al.Distribution characteristics of intertidal macrobenthos around Jiangsu islands[J].South China Fisheries Science.2010,6(04):49-55.
[22]张虎,汤晓鸿,郭仲仁,等.江苏中南部潮间带大型底栖动物时空分布特征[J].海洋渔业,2014,36(3):208-215.ZHANG H,TANG T H,GUO Z R,et al.Temporal and spatial distribution of benthic macrofauna in intertidal mudflat of central and southern Jiangsu coast[J].Marine Fisheries,2014,36(3):208-215.
[23]MARGALEF R.Information theory in ecology[J].General Systenm,1958(3):36-71.
[24]PIELOU E C.Ecological diversity[M].New York:John Wiley Sons,1975.
[25]FAUCHALD K,JUMARS P A.The diet of worms:A study of polychaete feeding guilds[J].Oceanography and Marine Biology,1979(17):193-284.
[26]朱晓君,陆健健.长江口九段沙潮间带底栖动物的功能群[J].动物学研究,2003,24(5):355-361.ZHU X J,LU J J.Functional groups of zoobenthos in the intertidal zone of Jiuduansha,the Yangtze River Estuary[J].Zoological Research,2003,24(5):355-361.
[27]廖一波,寿鹿,曾江宁,等.浙江西门岛海洋特别保护区大型底栖动物功能群特征及其与环境的关系[J].生物多样性,2013,21(1):3-10.LIAO Y B,SHOU L,ZENG J N,et al.Functional groups of marine macrobenthos in relation to environmental factors around the Ximen Island National Marine Special Reserve,Zhejiang[J].Biodiversity Science,2013,21(1):3-10.
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