台风“海马”对吕宋海峡附近暖涡的影响及其动力机制
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摘要
台风和海洋涡旋相互作用,对台风路径和强度的预报和预警具有重要的意义。本文根据2016年第22号超强台风"海马"登陆前后在吕宋海峡附近海域的水文要素现场观测,结合卫星遥感资料,分析了台风过境前后位于吕宋海峡北部的中尺度暖涡内海洋物理要素的分布及其对台风的响应特征。结果表明,处于台风边缘的暖涡并没有因为台风过境产生的强冷抽吸作用而被削弱;反而因台风边缘产生的较强的负风应力旋度异常,导致此区域上层暖海水辐聚下沉、混合层厚度增加,从而增强了该暖涡。台风过境前后,暖涡内热含量的变化也证实了该涡旋的增强。而离台风中心较近的暖涡,则受到强的正风应力旋度产生的冷抽吸作用而被削弱。此次观测研究丰富了台风和涡旋的相互作用物理机制探索,为台风预测预警提供了现场观测数据支持。
Interaction between meso-scale eddy and typhoon is important for the study on typhoon predictability. In this study, we described the responses of warm eddies near the Luzon Strait to typhoon Haima using in-situ hydrographic observations combined with local remote sensing data. Our analysis suggests that the response of warm eddies are different from each other due to their different relative positions with typhoon. A warm eddy, which located in the northeast edge of typhoon Haima, was boosted by a persistent negative wind stress curl induced by the typhoon rather than being depressed. A significant increase of heat content after the typhoon indicates the strengthening of the eddy. However, another warm eddy, which located in the northwest of the typhoon was reduced by a strong positive wind stress curl near center of the typhoon. This study provides observational evidence for understanding typhoon-eddy interaction, and a useful tool for typhoon numerical modeling.
Interaction between meso-scale eddy and typhoon is important for the study on typhoon predictability. In this study, we described the responses of warm eddies near the Luzon Strait to typhoon Haima using in-situ hydrographic observations combined with local remote sensing data. Our analysis suggests that the response of warm eddies are different from each other due to their different relative positions with typhoon. A warm eddy, which located in the northeast edge of typhoon Haima, was boosted by a persistent negative wind stress curl induced by the typhoon rather than being depressed. A significant increase of heat content after the typhoon indicates the strengthening of the eddy. However, another warm eddy, which located in the northwest of the typhoon was reduced by a strong positive wind stress curl near center of the typhoon. This study provides observational evidence for understanding typhoon-eddy interaction, and a useful tool for typhoon numerical modeling.
引文
刘广平,胡建宇,2009.南海中尺度涡旋对热带气旋的响应:个例研究.台湾海峡,8(3):308-315
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杨锦坤,相文玺,韦广昊等,2009.走航ADCP数据处理与质量控制方法研究.海洋通报,28(6):101-105
陈大可,雷小途,王伟等,2013.上层海洋对台风的响应和调制机理.地球科学进展,28(10):1077-1086
Chang S W,Anthes R A,1979.The mutual response of the tropical cyclone and the ocean.Journal of Physical Oceanography,9(1):128-135
Chiang T L,Wu C R,Oey L Y,2011.Typhoon Kai-Tak:an ocean’s perfect storm.Journal of Physical Oceanography,41(1):221-233
Emanuel K,2003.Tropical cyclones.Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,31:75-104
Emanuel K A,1999.Thermodynamic control of hurricane intensity.Nature,401(6754):665-669
Hong X D,Chang S W,Raman S et al,2000.The interaction between hurricane Opal(1995)and a warm core ring in the Gulf of Mexico.Monthly Weather Review,128(5):1347-1365
Lin I I,Wu C C,Pun I F et al,2008.Upper-ocean thermal structure and the Western North Pacific category 5 typhoons.Part I:ocean features and the category 5 typhoons'intensification.Monthly Weather Review,136(9):3288-3306
Liu Z H,Xu J P,Sun C H et al,2014.An upper ocean response to Typhoon Bolaven analyzed with Argo profiling floats.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,33(11):90-101
Marks F D,Shay L K,Barnes G et al,1998.Landfalling tropical cyclones:forecast problems and associated research opportunities.Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,79(2):305-323
Mei W,Pasquero C,2013.Spatial and temporal characterization of sea surface temperature response to tropical cyclones.Journal of Climate,26(11):3745-3765
Oey L Y,Ezer T,Wang D P et al,2006.Loop current warming by hurricane Wilma.Geophysical Research Letters,33(8):L08613
Pollard R T,Millard Jr R C,1970.Comparison between observed and simulated wind-generated inertial oscillations.Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts,17(4):813-821
Price J F,1981.Upper ocean response to a hurricane.Journal of Physical Oceanography,11(2):153-175
Price J F,Sanford T B,Forristall G Z,1994.Forced stage response to a moving hurricane.Journal of Physical Oceanography,24(2):233-260
Shay L K,Goni G J,Black P G,2000.Effects of a warm oceanic feature on hurricane Opal.Monthly Weather Review,128(5):1366-1383
Watanabe M,Hibiya T,2005.Estimates of energy dissipation rates in the three-dimensional deep ocean internal wave field.Journal of Oceanography,61(1):123-127
Wu G,Xie Q,Chen G X et al,2017.A three-dimensional modeling study on eddy-mean flow interaction between a Gaussian-type anticyclonic eddy and Kuroshio.Journal of Oceanography,doi:10.1007/s10872-017-0435-z
许建平,刘增宏,孙朝辉等,2006.利用Argo剖面浮标研究西北太平洋环流和水团,Argo应用研究论文集.北京:海洋出版社,1-15
杨锦坤,相文玺,韦广昊等,2009.走航ADCP数据处理与质量控制方法研究.海洋通报,28(6):101-105
陈大可,雷小途,王伟等,2013.上层海洋对台风的响应和调制机理.地球科学进展,28(10):1077-1086
Chang S W,Anthes R A,1979.The mutual response of the tropical cyclone and the ocean.Journal of Physical Oceanography,9(1):128-135
Chiang T L,Wu C R,Oey L Y,2011.Typhoon Kai-Tak:an ocean’s perfect storm.Journal of Physical Oceanography,41(1):221-233
Emanuel K,2003.Tropical cyclones.Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,31:75-104
Emanuel K A,1999.Thermodynamic control of hurricane intensity.Nature,401(6754):665-669
Hong X D,Chang S W,Raman S et al,2000.The interaction between hurricane Opal(1995)and a warm core ring in the Gulf of Mexico.Monthly Weather Review,128(5):1347-1365
Lin I I,Wu C C,Pun I F et al,2008.Upper-ocean thermal structure and the Western North Pacific category 5 typhoons.Part I:ocean features and the category 5 typhoons'intensification.Monthly Weather Review,136(9):3288-3306
Liu Z H,Xu J P,Sun C H et al,2014.An upper ocean response to Typhoon Bolaven analyzed with Argo profiling floats.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,33(11):90-101
Marks F D,Shay L K,Barnes G et al,1998.Landfalling tropical cyclones:forecast problems and associated research opportunities.Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,79(2):305-323
Mei W,Pasquero C,2013.Spatial and temporal characterization of sea surface temperature response to tropical cyclones.Journal of Climate,26(11):3745-3765
Oey L Y,Ezer T,Wang D P et al,2006.Loop current warming by hurricane Wilma.Geophysical Research Letters,33(8):L08613
Pollard R T,Millard Jr R C,1970.Comparison between observed and simulated wind-generated inertial oscillations.Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts,17(4):813-821
Price J F,1981.Upper ocean response to a hurricane.Journal of Physical Oceanography,11(2):153-175
Price J F,Sanford T B,Forristall G Z,1994.Forced stage response to a moving hurricane.Journal of Physical Oceanography,24(2):233-260
Shay L K,Goni G J,Black P G,2000.Effects of a warm oceanic feature on hurricane Opal.Monthly Weather Review,128(5):1366-1383
Watanabe M,Hibiya T,2005.Estimates of energy dissipation rates in the three-dimensional deep ocean internal wave field.Journal of Oceanography,61(1):123-127
Wu G,Xie Q,Chen G X et al,2017.A three-dimensional modeling study on eddy-mean flow interaction between a Gaussian-type anticyclonic eddy and Kuroshio.Journal of Oceanography,doi:10.1007/s10872-017-0435-z