复杂地质条件TBM研制关键技术及应用
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摘要
为解决高黎贡山隧道出口段软岩收敛卡机、破碎坍塌、岩爆片帮、高温热害、突泥涌水等不良地质TBM适应性差的问题,采用TBM适应性设计方法,提出并采用变截面抬升式开挖、水岩一体超前预报、隐藏式常态化超前钻探、前置式自动化湿喷、加强型大范围初期支护、通风系统强制制冷、刀盘刀具优化设计、物料快速运输等关键技术方案,联合研制出国产最大直径TBM(?9.03 m);针对现场应用测试存在的部分问题,对TBM创新设计方案进行优化改进,使国产最大直径TBM在复杂地层前期应用中,取得月进尺400 m以上的掘进业绩。
When TBM boring in the unfavorable geology at the exit section of Gaoligongshan Tunnel, some incidents such as soft rock convergence-induced TBM jamming, broken rock collapse, rockburst-induced spalling, high temperature damage and mud and water gushing happen, which indicates bad TBM adaptability. Therefore, some key technical solutions, i.e. variable section and lift type excavation technology, water body and rock mass integration advance prediction technology, concealed and normalized advanced drilling technology, front-mounted and automated concrete jet technology, enhanced and large-scale primary support technology, forced cooling ventilation system, cutterhead and cutter optimization design technology, and rapid material transportation technology, are proposed and applied. And then, a domestic TBM with the maximum diameter of 9.03 m is jointly developed and tested in site. According to the problems encountered in site test, some TBM technical solutions are optimized and improved, and the application effect show that the drill footage per month reached more than 400 m in the early application stage.
When TBM boring in the unfavorable geology at the exit section of Gaoligongshan Tunnel, some incidents such as soft rock convergence-induced TBM jamming, broken rock collapse, rockburst-induced spalling, high temperature damage and mud and water gushing happen, which indicates bad TBM adaptability. Therefore, some key technical solutions, i.e. variable section and lift type excavation technology, water body and rock mass integration advance prediction technology, concealed and normalized advanced drilling technology, front-mounted and automated concrete jet technology, enhanced and large-scale primary support technology, forced cooling ventilation system, cutterhead and cutter optimization design technology, and rapid material transportation technology, are proposed and applied. And then, a domestic TBM with the maximum diameter of 9.03 m is jointly developed and tested in site. According to the problems encountered in site test, some TBM technical solutions are optimized and improved, and the application effect show that the drill footage per month reached more than 400 m in the early application stage.
引文
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[2] 陈馈,孙振川,李涛.TBM设计与施工[M].北京:人民交通出版社股份有限公司,2018.CHEN Kui,SUN Zhenchuan,LI Tao.TBM design and construction[M].Beijing:China Communications Press Co.,Ltd.,2018.
[3] 李晓晗,赵琳,许爱萍.McNally系统在TBM隧洞施工中的应用[J].水利技术监督,2014,22(6):70.LI Xiaohan,ZHAO Lin,XU Aiping.Application of McNally system in TBM tunnel construction[J].Technical Supervision in Water Resources,2014,22(6):70.
[4] 洪开荣.我国隧道及地下工程发展现状与展望[J].隧道建设,2015,35(2):95.HONG Kairong.State-of-art and prospect of tunnels and underground works in China[J].Tunnel Construction,2015,35(2):95.
[5] 洪开荣,冯欢欢.高黎贡山隧道TBM法施工重难点及关键技术分析[J].现代隧道技术,2018,55(4):1.HONG Kairong,FENG Huanhuan.Construction difficulties and key techniques for the Gaoligong Mountain TBM Tunnel[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2018,55(4):1.
[6] DENG Mingjiang.Challenges and thoughts on risk management and control for the group construction of a super-long tunnel by TBM[J].Engineering,2018,4(1):112.
[7] 《中国公路学报》编辑部.中国隧道工程学术研究综述·2015[J].中国公路学报,2015,28(5):1.Editorial Department of China Journal of Highway and Transport.Review on China′ tunnel engineering research:2015[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2015,28(5):1.
[8] 杜立杰.中国TBM施工技术进展、挑战及对策[J].隧道建设,2017,37(9):1063.DU Lijie.Progresses,challenges and countermeasures for TBM construction technology in China[J].Tunnel Construction,2017,37(9):1063.
[9] 贺飞,曾祥盛,齐志冲.大直径硬岩掘进机(TBM)在吉林中部城市引松供水工程四标TBM3的应用[J].隧道建设,2016,36(8):1016.HE Fei,ZENG Xiangsheng,QI Zhichong.Application of large-diameter hard rock tunnel boring machine (TBM)to TBM-3 Section of No.4 Bid of Songhua River Water Conveyance Project in middle Jilin Province[J].Tunnel Construction,2016,36(8):1016.
[10] 程永亮,钟掘,暨智勇,等.TBM刀盘地质适应性设计方法及其应用[J].机械工程学报,2018,54(1):1.CHENG Yongliang,ZHONG Jue,JI Zhiyong,et al.Geological adaptative design method and application of TBM cutterhead[J].Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2018,54(1):1.
[11] 陈馈,杨延栋.高黎贡山隧道高适应性TBM设计探讨[J].隧道建设,2016,36(12):1523.CHEN Kui,YANG Yandong.Discussion on design of TBM with high adaptability to Gaoligongshan Tunnel[J].Tunnel Construction,2016,36(12):1523.
[12] 洪开荣,王杜娟,郭如军.我国硬岩掘进机的创新与实践[J].隧道建设(中英文),2018,38(4):519.HONG Kairong,WANG Dujuan,GUO Rujun.Innovation and practice of hard rock TBM in China[J].Tunnel Construction,2018,38(4):519.