考虑振动特性的钢铝复合车架多学科优化
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摘要
以国内某款纯电动轻卡车架为研究对象,利用正交试验法开展零件材料对车架性能的显著性分析,确定高强铝合金板材替换方案,以获得钢铝复合车架。针对钢铝复合车架与驾驶室发生共振等问题,采用考虑静态刚度和动态频率的多学科优化模型,进一步对钢铝复合车架进行多厚度匹配设计优化。结果表明,轻量化车架在保证性能的前提下,第4阶频率提高1.5 Hz,避开了危险频率范围;车架总质量减小13.5 kg,减重幅度为7.2%。
A pure electric light truck frame was taken as the research object, an orthogonal test method was used to carry out the significant analysis of the part materials to the frame performances and the replacement scheme of high strength aluminum alloy sheets was determined, and thus the steel-aluminum composite frames were obtained. In order to preclude the resonance of steel-aluminum composite frames and cabs, a multidisciplinary optimization model was adopted to optimize the multi thickness matching for the steel-aluminum composite frames considering both the static stiffness and the dynamic frequency. It is shown that in the premise of performance guarantees, the lightweight frame's fourth-order frequency is increased by 1.5 Hz, avoiding the dangerous frequency. The frame weight was reduced by 13.5 kg, accounting for 7.2% of the original pure steel frames.
A pure electric light truck frame was taken as the research object, an orthogonal test method was used to carry out the significant analysis of the part materials to the frame performances and the replacement scheme of high strength aluminum alloy sheets was determined, and thus the steel-aluminum composite frames were obtained. In order to preclude the resonance of steel-aluminum composite frames and cabs, a multidisciplinary optimization model was adopted to optimize the multi thickness matching for the steel-aluminum composite frames considering both the static stiffness and the dynamic frequency. It is shown that in the premise of performance guarantees, the lightweight frame's fourth-order frequency is increased by 1.5 Hz, avoiding the dangerous frequency. The frame weight was reduced by 13.5 kg, accounting for 7.2% of the original pure steel frames.
引文
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[19]郝琪,王泽宇,王超.多学科优化在车架纵梁设计的应用研究[J]机械设计,2015,32(6):39-42.HAO Qi,WANG Zeyu,WANG Chao.Application Research on Frame Beam Based on Multidisciplinary Design Optimization[J]Journal of Machine Design,2015,32(6):39-42.
[2]王新宇.重型商用车驾驶室轻量化分析与优化[D].长春:吉林大学,2012.WANG Xinyu.Lightweight Analysis and Optimization on Heavy-duty Commercial Truck Cab[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2012.
[3]乔鑫.某电动汽车车架有限元分析与优化[D].大连:大连交通大学,2013.QIAO Xin.Finite Element Analysis and Optimization of the Frame of an Electric Vehicle[D].Dalian:Dalian Jiaotong University,2013.
[4]ZUO W,SAITOU K.Multi-material Topology Optimization Using Ordered SIMP Interpolation[M].New York:Springer-Verlag,Inc.,2017.
[5]BAKER M.Multi-material Size Optimization of a Ladder Frame Chassis[D].Ontario:Queen’s University,2015.
[6]CHANDRA M R,SREENIVASULU S,HUS-SAIN S A.Modeling and Structural Analysis of Heavy Vehicle Chassis Made of Polymeric Composite Material by Three Different Cross Sections[J].International Journal of Modern Engineering Research,2012,2(4):2594-2600.
[7]辛勇,叶盛.基于多目标优化的钢-铝混合轻量化车架设计[J].中国机械工程,2014,25(17):2402-2407.XIN Yong,YE Sheng.Design of Steel-aluminum Hybrid Lightweight Frame by Multi Objective Optimization[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2014,25(17):2402-2407.
[8]余海燕,高云凯,江峰.微型电动车镁合金车架试制关键技术研究[J].材料、工艺、设备,2007(1):41-44.YU Haiyan,GAO Yunkai,WANG Feng.Key Techniques in Magnesium Alloy Frame Development for Mini Electric Car[J].Materials,Technology and Equipment,2007(1):41-44.
[9]叶盛,辛勇,李长银.基于正交试验-形貌优化法的钢铝复合车架设计[J].机械科学与技术,2014,33(10):1555-1557.YE Sheng,YIN Yong,LI Changyin.The Design of Steel-aluminum Composite Frame Using the Orthogonal Test and Morphology Optimization[J].Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering,2014,33(10):1555-1557.
[10]黎劲宏,马其华,黄天柱.碳纤维-铝合金组合式节能赛车车架的设计与分析[J].农业装备与车辆工程,2016,54(6):19-22.LI Jinhong,MA Qihua,HUANG Tianzhu.Design and Analysis of Carbon Fiber Aluminum Alloy Combined Energy Saving Racing Car Frame[J].Agricultural Equipment and Vehicle Engineering,2016,54(6):19-22.
[11]谢然.多目标优化方法在车身结构轻量化设计中的应用研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2010.XIE Ran.Application of the Method Multiobjective Optimization on Vehicle Lightweight Design[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2010.
[12]DU X,CHEN W.Concurrent Subsystem Uncertainty Analysis in Multidisciplinary Design[C]//8th AIAA/USAF/NASA/ISSMO Symposium on Multi-disciplinary Analysis and Optimization.Long Beach,2000:1-12.
[13]吴立强,尹泽勇,蔡显新.航空发动机涡轮叶片的多学科设计优化[J].航空动力学报,2005,20(5):795-80.WU Liqiang,YIN Zeyong,CAI Xianxin.MDOTechnology Applied to the Aeroengine Turbine Blade Design[J].Journal of Aerospace Power,2005,20(5):795-80.
[14]张勇,李光耀,孙光永,等.多学科设计优化在整车轻量化设计中的应用研究[J].中国机械工程,2008,19(7):877-881.ZHANG Yong,LI Guangyao,SUN Guangyong,et al.Application Research on Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of the Tell Vehicle Lightweight[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2008,19(7):877-881.
[15]张子春.复合材料商用车车架的CAD/CAE研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2007.ZHANG Zichun.CAD/CAE Study on Composite Material Chassis of Commercial Vehicle[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2007.
[16]张霆.轻型商用车驾驶室模态研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2007.ZHANG Ting.A Study on the Cab Mode of Light Commercial Vehicle[D].Hefei:Hefei University of Technology,2007.
[17]欧阳天成,韦齐峰,黄锦成.重型货车车架模态分析与优化设计[J].装备制造技术,2012(4):19-21.OUYANG Tiancheng,WEI Qifeng,HUANGJincheng.Modal Analysis and Optimization Design of Heavy Truck Frame[J].Equipment Manufacturing Technology,2012(4):19-21.
[18]郭长城.轿车车架模态分析与结构优化[D].长春:吉林大学,2011.GUO Changcheng.Modal Analysis and Structure Optimization of Car Frame[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2011.
[19]郝琪,王泽宇,王超.多学科优化在车架纵梁设计的应用研究[J]机械设计,2015,32(6):39-42.HAO Qi,WANG Zeyu,WANG Chao.Application Research on Frame Beam Based on Multidisciplinary Design Optimization[J]Journal of Machine Design,2015,32(6):39-42.