玛尼地震的InSAR形变研究与模拟
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摘要
采用欧洲空间局ERS-2的星载干涉雷达数据,选取1997年11月8日M_W7.6级玛尼地震作为研究对象,采用了差分干涉方法,在通过对覆盖同一地区的SAR数据进行差分干涉处理,得到了玛尼地震的视线向同震形变场。经研究发现:该地震形变场呈长轴近北东东向不规则椭圆形分布,地表破裂带长度约为130 km,发震断层走向约为78°,断裂为左行走滑特征。断层以南为隆起区,在发震断层附近最大视线向隆起位移量为113.6 cm,断层以北为沉降区,最大视线向沉降位移量为170.4 cm。基于Okada模型实现了具有复杂结构的4段断层段参数的InSAR形变场数据模拟,获得断层的最大走滑为6 m,估计出玛尼地震的标量地震矩M_0为2.69×10~(20)N_m,计算得到的矩震级M_W为7.6。证明了研究方法的正确性和研究结论的可靠性。
By using the spaceborne Interferometric Radar Data of ESA ERS-2, taking the Mani M_W7.6 earthquake on November 8 th1997 as the research object, the line-of-sight co-seismic deformation field of the Mani earthquake is obtained by using differential interferometric method to process the SAR data covering the same area. Results show that the seismic deformation field is irregular elliptical distribution along the long axis near NE and east direction, with a surface rupture zone length about 130 km, the strike of the seismogenic fault is about 78°, and the fault is characterized by left strike-slip. The south of the fault is the uplift area, has a maximum line-of-sight uplift displacement near the seismogenic fault as 113.6 cm, and the north of the fault is the subsidence area, has a maximum line-of-sight settlement displacement is 170.4 cm. Thanks to Okada model, the InSAR deformation field data of four fault segments with complex structure parameters are simulated,the maximum strike slip of the fault is got as 6 m, and the scalar seismic moment M_0 of the Mani earthquake is estimated to be 2.69×10~(20) N_m, and the moment magnitude M_Wis calculated as 7.6. All of the above results prove that the research methods are correct and research conclusions are reliable.
By using the spaceborne Interferometric Radar Data of ESA ERS-2, taking the Mani M_W7.6 earthquake on November 8 th1997 as the research object, the line-of-sight co-seismic deformation field of the Mani earthquake is obtained by using differential interferometric method to process the SAR data covering the same area. Results show that the seismic deformation field is irregular elliptical distribution along the long axis near NE and east direction, with a surface rupture zone length about 130 km, the strike of the seismogenic fault is about 78°, and the fault is characterized by left strike-slip. The south of the fault is the uplift area, has a maximum line-of-sight uplift displacement near the seismogenic fault as 113.6 cm, and the north of the fault is the subsidence area, has a maximum line-of-sight settlement displacement is 170.4 cm. Thanks to Okada model, the InSAR deformation field data of four fault segments with complex structure parameters are simulated,the maximum strike slip of the fault is got as 6 m, and the scalar seismic moment M_0 of the Mani earthquake is estimated to be 2.69×10~(20) N_m, and the moment magnitude M_Wis calculated as 7.6. All of the above results prove that the research methods are correct and research conclusions are reliable.
引文
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[12]单新建,李建华,张桂芳. 1997年玛尼7.9级地震的构造环境和地表破裂带特征[J].地球物理学报,2006(03):831-837.
[13]许力生,陈运泰. 1997年中国西藏玛尼MS7.9级地震的时空破裂过程[J].地震学报,1999,21(5):449-459
[14] Velasco,A.A.,Ammon,C.J. et al. Broadband source modeling of the November 8,1997,Tibet(MW=7.5)earthquake and its tectonic implications[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,2000,105(B12)28:065-28+080.
[15]徐锡伟,宋方敏,杨晓平,等.中国大陆地表破裂型潜在震源区的地震地质学综合判定[J].震情研究,2000,44(1):14-26.
[16] Okada Y. Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space,Bull. Seismological Society of America[J],1985,75(4):1135-1145.
[17] Peltzer G,Rosen P. Surface displacement of the 17 May1993 Eureka Valley,California,Earthquake observed by SAR interferometry[J]. Science,1995(268):1333-1336.
[18] H.Kanamori. The energy release in great earthquakes[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1997(82):2981-2987.
[2]孙建宝,徐锡伟,石耀霖,等.东昆仑断裂玛尼段震间形变场的INSAR观测及断层滑动率初步估计[J].自然科学进展,2007(10)1361-1370.
[3]沈强,乔学军,王琪,等.中国玉树MW6.9地震InSAR地表形变特征分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2010,30(03):5-9.
[4]柴荣建,陈大庆.基于迁移辅助投影线的中国大陆主要块体强震迁移特征初步研究[J].华南地震,2017,37(S1):41-47.
[5] Peltzer G,Frederic Crampe and Geoffrey King. Evidence of Nonlinear Elasticity of the Crust from the MW7.6 Mani(Tibet)Earthquake[J]. Science,1999(286):272-276.
[6]单新建,马瑾,柳稼航,等.星载D-INSAR技术及初步应用———以西藏玛尼地震为例[J].地震地质,2001(03):439-446+485.
[7]张景发,刘钊. INSAR技术在玛尼强震区的应用[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2002,42(6):847-850.
[8]邵芸,谭衢霖,刘浩,等.雷达差分干涉测量技术及其应用研究———以1997年西藏玛尼7.9级地震区域形变测量为例[J].地球物理学报,2002,45(S):205-213.
[9]张晓亮,陆明勇,江在森,等.玛尼MS7.9级地震三维动态模拟及余震解释[J].地球物理学进展,2008(05):1367-1376.
[10]孙鑫喆.玛尼地震与玉树地震发震断层的破裂特征与复发模型[D].北京:中国地震局地质研究所,2016.
[11]李建华.利用卫星图像研究西藏羌塘及邻区的断裂活动性[J],地震地质,1998,20(3):201-207.
[12]单新建,李建华,张桂芳. 1997年玛尼7.9级地震的构造环境和地表破裂带特征[J].地球物理学报,2006(03):831-837.
[13]许力生,陈运泰. 1997年中国西藏玛尼MS7.9级地震的时空破裂过程[J].地震学报,1999,21(5):449-459
[14] Velasco,A.A.,Ammon,C.J. et al. Broadband source modeling of the November 8,1997,Tibet(MW=7.5)earthquake and its tectonic implications[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research,2000,105(B12)28:065-28+080.
[15]徐锡伟,宋方敏,杨晓平,等.中国大陆地表破裂型潜在震源区的地震地质学综合判定[J].震情研究,2000,44(1):14-26.
[16] Okada Y. Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space,Bull. Seismological Society of America[J],1985,75(4):1135-1145.
[17] Peltzer G,Rosen P. Surface displacement of the 17 May1993 Eureka Valley,California,Earthquake observed by SAR interferometry[J]. Science,1995(268):1333-1336.
[18] H.Kanamori. The energy release in great earthquakes[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1997(82):2981-2987.
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