切丝宽度对卷烟主流烟气气溶胶粒径分布的影响
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摘要
为研究切丝宽度对卷烟烟气气溶胶粒径分布特性的影响,采用DMS500快速粒径谱仪和电子低压撞击器(ELPI),在ISO抽吸模式下,分别研究了不同切丝宽度卷烟烟气气溶胶的粒数粒径分布和质量粒径分布特征。结果表明:(1)不同切丝宽度(0.7、0.9和1.1 mm)卷烟的烟气气溶胶粒子数随粒径大小均呈现出近似的对数正态分布,粒子主要分布在40～400 nm。切丝宽度为0.7 mm和0.9 mm时烟气气溶胶的粒子数浓度略高于切丝宽度为1.1 mm,随切丝宽度的增加烟气气溶胶粒数中值直径(CMD)逐渐减小。(2)3种切丝宽度卷烟烟气气溶胶的质量主要集中在粒径为100～1 000 nm范围内,随着切丝宽度的增加,烟气气溶胶质量中值直径(MMD)减小,气溶胶总质量降低。(3)随着烟丝切丝宽度增加烟气总粒相物、焦油、烟碱、水分和CO逐渐降低。(4)感官评吸结果表明随切丝宽度增加烟气量降低,烟气质变稍粗糙,烟气形态变短,烟气变蓬松,整体烟气感官品质略有下降。(5)综合考虑,切丝宽度为0.9 mm时,烟气粒子浓度高、粒径大小适中,烟气常规释放量较0.7 mm时低,并有较好的感官质量。
In order to study the effects of tobacco cut width on the particle size distribution of mainstream cigarette smoke aerosol, DMS500 fast particulate spectrometer and electrical low pressure impactor(ELPI) were used to study the particle size distribution of mainstream smoke aerosol of cigarette made of tobacco of different cut widths(0.7, 0.9 and 1.1 mm) under ISO smoking regime in terms of particle number and particle mass, respectively. The results showed that: 1) The particle number presented an approximately lognormal distribution versus particle size of aerosol, and mainly distributed in the range of 40-400 nm. The particle number per cm~3 smoke of cigarette with tobacco cut width of 0.7 or 0.9 mm was slightly higher than that of 1.1 mm. With the increase of cut width, count median diameters(CMD) of aerosol decreased gradually. 2) The mass of smoke aerosol mainly distributed in the range of 100-1 000 nm. With the increase of tobacco cut width, mass median diameters(MMD) of smoke aerosol decreased, the total mass of aerosol also decreased. 3)The contents of total particulate matter, tar, nicotine, moisture and CO in cigarette smoke reduced with the increase of tobacco cut width. 4) Sensory evaluation indicated that with the increase of tobacco cut width,smoke yield decreased, harshness increased, smoke shape shortened, fluffy sense increased, and the overall sensory quality of cigarette smoke deteriorated slightly. 5) As a whole, cigarette made of tobacco with width of 0.9 mm presented higher smoke particle concentration, moderate particle size, lower routine analyte deliveries,and offered better smoking quality.
In order to study the effects of tobacco cut width on the particle size distribution of mainstream cigarette smoke aerosol, DMS500 fast particulate spectrometer and electrical low pressure impactor(ELPI) were used to study the particle size distribution of mainstream smoke aerosol of cigarette made of tobacco of different cut widths(0.7, 0.9 and 1.1 mm) under ISO smoking regime in terms of particle number and particle mass, respectively. The results showed that: 1) The particle number presented an approximately lognormal distribution versus particle size of aerosol, and mainly distributed in the range of 40-400 nm. The particle number per cm~3 smoke of cigarette with tobacco cut width of 0.7 or 0.9 mm was slightly higher than that of 1.1 mm. With the increase of cut width, count median diameters(CMD) of aerosol decreased gradually. 2) The mass of smoke aerosol mainly distributed in the range of 100-1 000 nm. With the increase of tobacco cut width, mass median diameters(MMD) of smoke aerosol decreased, the total mass of aerosol also decreased. 3)The contents of total particulate matter, tar, nicotine, moisture and CO in cigarette smoke reduced with the increase of tobacco cut width. 4) Sensory evaluation indicated that with the increase of tobacco cut width,smoke yield decreased, harshness increased, smoke shape shortened, fluffy sense increased, and the overall sensory quality of cigarette smoke deteriorated slightly. 5) As a whole, cigarette made of tobacco with width of 0.9 mm presented higher smoke particle concentration, moderate particle size, lower routine analyte deliveries,and offered better smoking quality.
引文
[1]Stober W.Generation,size distribution and composition of tobacco smoke aerosols[J].Recent Advances in Tobacco Science,1982,8:3-41.
[2]Wang H B,Li X,Guo J W,et al.Distribution of toxic chemicals in particles of various sizes from mainstream cigarette smoke[J].Inhalation Toxicology,2016,28(2):89-94.
[3]Bernstein D M.A review of the influence of particle size,puff volume,and inhalation pattern on the deposition of cigarette smoke particles in the respiratory tract[J].Inhalation Toxicology,2004,16(10):675-689.
[4]吴君章,沈光林,孔浩辉,等.卷烟烟气气溶胶粒度的研究进展[J].中国烟草学报,2014,20(2):108-113.WU Junzhang,SHEN Guanglin,KONG Haohui,et al.Research developments in cigarette smoke aerosol particle size distribution[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2014,20(2):108-113.
[5]段沅杏,赵伟,杨继,等.传统卷烟和电子烟烟气气溶胶粒径分布研究[J].中国烟草学报,2015,21(1):1-5.DUAN Yuanxing,ZHAO Wei,YANG Ji,et al.Research on particle size distribution in traditional cigarette and electronic cigarette smoke aerosols[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2015,21(1):1-5.
[6]Alderman S L,Ingebrethsen B J.Characterization of mainstream cigarette smoke particle size distributions from commercial cigarettes using a DMS500 fast particulate spectrometer and smoking cycle simulator[J].Aerosol Science and Technology,2011,45(12):1409-1421.
[7]吴君章,沈光林,孔浩辉,等.不同单料烟叶主流烟气气溶胶粒度分布差异[J].中国烟草学报,2015,21(2):10-18.WU Junzhang,SHEN Guanglin,KONG Haohui,et al.Differences of aerosol particle size distribution in cigarette mainstream smoke of unblended leaf tobacco[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2015,21(2):10-18.
[8]Egilmez N.Smoke aerosol characterisation of some slim and low-tar cigarettes from the U.S.Market[EB/OL].British American Tobacco Records.(1987-08-06)[2017-01-11].https://www.industry documentslibrary.ucsf.edu/tobacco/docs/fmdn0204.
[9]吴君章,孔浩辉,沈光林,等.“三纸一棒”对卷烟烟气气溶胶粒度分布的影响[J].烟草科技,2013,46(9):58-62,67.WU Junzhang,KONG Haohui,SHEN Guanglin,et al.Effects of material parameters on size distribution of particles in aerosol in cigarette smoke[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2013,46(9):58-62,67.
[10]Kane D B,Asgharian B,Price O T,et al.Effect of smoking parameters on the particle size distribution and predicted airway deposition of mainstream cigarette smoke[J].Inhalation Toxicology,2010,22(3):199-209.
[11]Wayne G F,Connolly G N,Henningfield J E,et al.Tobacco industry research and efforts to manipulate smoke particle size:implications for product regulation[J].Nicotine&Tobacco Research,2008,10(4):613-625.
[12]赵佳成,高辉,王慧,等.切丝宽度对烟丝结构及其分布稳定性的影响[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2017,32(4):668-677.ZHAO Jiacheng,GAO Hui,WANG Hui,et al.Effects of cutting width of tobacco on cut tobacco structure and its distribution stability[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University(Natural Science),2017,32(4):668-677.
[13]王艳丽,崔龙吉,金哲,等.切丝宽度对卷烟烟丝结构和主流烟气的影响[J].延边大学学报(自然科学版),2016,42(2):147-150.WANG Yanli,CUI Longji,JIN Zhe,et al.Influence of cutting width on cut tobacco structure and mainstream smoke[J].Journal of Yanbian University(Natural Science),2016,42(2):147-150.
[14]邱玉春,林志平,黄朝章,等.切丝宽度对卷烟主流烟气7种Hoffmann成分释放量的影响[J].郑州轻工业学院学报(自然科学版),2013,28(6):9-13.QIU Yuchun,LIN Zhiping,HUANG Chaozhang,et al.Effects of cutting width of tobacco on 7 kinds of Hoffmann components of mainstream smoke[J].Journal of Zhengzhou University of Light Industry(Natural Science),2013,28(6):9-13.
[15]GB/T 16447-2004烟草及烟草制品调节和测试的大气环境[S].GB/T 16447-2004 Tobacco and tobacco productsAtmosphere for conditioning and testing[S].
[16]GB/T 22838.4-2009卷烟和滤棒物理性能的测定第4部分:卷烟质量[S].GB/T 22838.4-2009 Determination of physical characteristics for cigarettes and filter rods-Part 4:Cigarettes weight[S].
[17]GB/T 22838.6-2009卷烟和滤棒物理性能的测定第6部分:硬度[S].GB/T 22838.6-2009 Determination of physical characteristics for cigarettes and filter rods-Part 6:Hardness[S].
[18]GB/T 22838.5-2009卷烟和滤棒物理性能的测定第5部分:卷烟吸阻和滤棒压降[S].GB/T 22838.5-2009 Determination of physical characteristics for cigarettes and filter rods-Part 5:Cigarettes draw resistance and filter rods pressure drop[S].
[19]GB/T 22838.15-2009卷烟和滤棒物理性能的测定第15部分:卷烟通风的测定定义和测量原理[S].GB/T 22838.15-2009 Determination of physical characteristics for cigarettes and filter rods-Part 15:Cigarettes-Determination of ventilation-Definitions and measurement principles[S].
[20]廖晓祥,赵云川,邹泉,等.梗丝形态对细支卷烟品质稳定性的影响[J].烟草科技,2016,49(10):74-80.LIAO Xiaoxiang,ZHAO Yunchuan,ZOU Quan,et al.Influences of cut stem morphology on quality consistency of super-slim cigarette[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2016,49(10):74-80.
[21]ISO 3612-1977 Tobacco and tobacco productsCigarettes-Determination of rate of free combustion[S].
[22]司晓喜,张凤梅,赵乐,等.不同烟丝含水率卷烟主流烟气气溶胶的粒径分布特征[J].中国烟草学报,2018,24(5):1-6.SI Xiaoxi,ZHANG Fengmei,ZHAO Le,et al.Particle size distribution of aerosols in mainstream smoke of cigarettes with different moisture content in cut tobacco[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2018,24(5):1-6.
[23]ISO 3308-2000 Routine analytical cigarette-smoking machine-Definitions and standard conditions[S].
[24]GB/T 19609-2004卷烟用常规分析用吸烟机测定总粒相物和焦油[S].GB/T 19609-2004 Cigarette-Determination of total and nicotine-free dry particulate matter using a routine analytical smoking machine[S].
[25]GB/T 23356-2009卷烟烟气气相中一氧化碳的测定非散射红外法[S].GB/T 23356-2009 Cigarette-Determination of carbon monoxide in the vapour phase of cigarette smoke-NDIR method[S].
[26]GB/T 23355-2009卷烟总粒相物中烟碱的测定气相色谱法[S].GB/T 23355-2009 Cigarette-Determination of nicotine in smoke condensates-Gas-chromatographic method[S].
[27]GB/T 23203.1-2013卷烟总粒相物中水分的测定第1部分:气相色谱法[S].GB/T 23203.1-2013 Cigarette-Determination of water in smoke condensates-Part 1:Gaschromatographic method[S].
[28]YC/T 138-1998烟草及烟草制品感官评价方法[S].YC/T 138-1998 Tobacco and tobacco productsThe sensory evaluation methods[S].
[29]Ishizu Y,Ohta K,Okada T.Changes in the particle size l and the concentration of cigarette smoke through the column of a cigarette[J].Journal of Aerosol Science,1978,9(1):25-29.
[30]Davies C N.Cigarette smoke:Generation and properties of the aerosol[J].Journal of Aerosol Science,1988,19(4):463-469.
[31]崔晓梦.烟丝结构对不同圆周卷烟燃烧状态的影响研究[D].郑州:中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院,2017.CUI Xiaomeng.Effects of cut tobacco structure on combustion status of cigarettes of different circumferences[D].Zhengzhou:Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC,2017.
[32]Robinson R J,Oldham M J,Clinkenbeard R E,et al.Experimental and numerical smoke carcinogen deposition in a multi-generation human replica tracheobronchial model[J].Annals of Biomedical Engineering,2006,34(3):373-383.
[33]Baker R R,Dixon M.The retention of tobacco smoke constituents in the human respiratory tract[J].Inhalation Toxicology,2006,18(4):255-294.
[2]Wang H B,Li X,Guo J W,et al.Distribution of toxic chemicals in particles of various sizes from mainstream cigarette smoke[J].Inhalation Toxicology,2016,28(2):89-94.
[3]Bernstein D M.A review of the influence of particle size,puff volume,and inhalation pattern on the deposition of cigarette smoke particles in the respiratory tract[J].Inhalation Toxicology,2004,16(10):675-689.
[4]吴君章,沈光林,孔浩辉,等.卷烟烟气气溶胶粒度的研究进展[J].中国烟草学报,2014,20(2):108-113.WU Junzhang,SHEN Guanglin,KONG Haohui,et al.Research developments in cigarette smoke aerosol particle size distribution[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2014,20(2):108-113.
[5]段沅杏,赵伟,杨继,等.传统卷烟和电子烟烟气气溶胶粒径分布研究[J].中国烟草学报,2015,21(1):1-5.DUAN Yuanxing,ZHAO Wei,YANG Ji,et al.Research on particle size distribution in traditional cigarette and electronic cigarette smoke aerosols[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2015,21(1):1-5.
[6]Alderman S L,Ingebrethsen B J.Characterization of mainstream cigarette smoke particle size distributions from commercial cigarettes using a DMS500 fast particulate spectrometer and smoking cycle simulator[J].Aerosol Science and Technology,2011,45(12):1409-1421.
[7]吴君章,沈光林,孔浩辉,等.不同单料烟叶主流烟气气溶胶粒度分布差异[J].中国烟草学报,2015,21(2):10-18.WU Junzhang,SHEN Guanglin,KONG Haohui,et al.Differences of aerosol particle size distribution in cigarette mainstream smoke of unblended leaf tobacco[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2015,21(2):10-18.
[8]Egilmez N.Smoke aerosol characterisation of some slim and low-tar cigarettes from the U.S.Market[EB/OL].British American Tobacco Records.(1987-08-06)[2017-01-11].https://www.industry documentslibrary.ucsf.edu/tobacco/docs/fmdn0204.
[9]吴君章,孔浩辉,沈光林,等.“三纸一棒”对卷烟烟气气溶胶粒度分布的影响[J].烟草科技,2013,46(9):58-62,67.WU Junzhang,KONG Haohui,SHEN Guanglin,et al.Effects of material parameters on size distribution of particles in aerosol in cigarette smoke[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2013,46(9):58-62,67.
[10]Kane D B,Asgharian B,Price O T,et al.Effect of smoking parameters on the particle size distribution and predicted airway deposition of mainstream cigarette smoke[J].Inhalation Toxicology,2010,22(3):199-209.
[11]Wayne G F,Connolly G N,Henningfield J E,et al.Tobacco industry research and efforts to manipulate smoke particle size:implications for product regulation[J].Nicotine&Tobacco Research,2008,10(4):613-625.
[12]赵佳成,高辉,王慧,等.切丝宽度对烟丝结构及其分布稳定性的影响[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2017,32(4):668-677.ZHAO Jiacheng,GAO Hui,WANG Hui,et al.Effects of cutting width of tobacco on cut tobacco structure and its distribution stability[J].Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University(Natural Science),2017,32(4):668-677.
[13]王艳丽,崔龙吉,金哲,等.切丝宽度对卷烟烟丝结构和主流烟气的影响[J].延边大学学报(自然科学版),2016,42(2):147-150.WANG Yanli,CUI Longji,JIN Zhe,et al.Influence of cutting width on cut tobacco structure and mainstream smoke[J].Journal of Yanbian University(Natural Science),2016,42(2):147-150.
[14]邱玉春,林志平,黄朝章,等.切丝宽度对卷烟主流烟气7种Hoffmann成分释放量的影响[J].郑州轻工业学院学报(自然科学版),2013,28(6):9-13.QIU Yuchun,LIN Zhiping,HUANG Chaozhang,et al.Effects of cutting width of tobacco on 7 kinds of Hoffmann components of mainstream smoke[J].Journal of Zhengzhou University of Light Industry(Natural Science),2013,28(6):9-13.
[15]GB/T 16447-2004烟草及烟草制品调节和测试的大气环境[S].GB/T 16447-2004 Tobacco and tobacco productsAtmosphere for conditioning and testing[S].
[16]GB/T 22838.4-2009卷烟和滤棒物理性能的测定第4部分:卷烟质量[S].GB/T 22838.4-2009 Determination of physical characteristics for cigarettes and filter rods-Part 4:Cigarettes weight[S].
[17]GB/T 22838.6-2009卷烟和滤棒物理性能的测定第6部分:硬度[S].GB/T 22838.6-2009 Determination of physical characteristics for cigarettes and filter rods-Part 6:Hardness[S].
[18]GB/T 22838.5-2009卷烟和滤棒物理性能的测定第5部分:卷烟吸阻和滤棒压降[S].GB/T 22838.5-2009 Determination of physical characteristics for cigarettes and filter rods-Part 5:Cigarettes draw resistance and filter rods pressure drop[S].
[19]GB/T 22838.15-2009卷烟和滤棒物理性能的测定第15部分:卷烟通风的测定定义和测量原理[S].GB/T 22838.15-2009 Determination of physical characteristics for cigarettes and filter rods-Part 15:Cigarettes-Determination of ventilation-Definitions and measurement principles[S].
[20]廖晓祥,赵云川,邹泉,等.梗丝形态对细支卷烟品质稳定性的影响[J].烟草科技,2016,49(10):74-80.LIAO Xiaoxiang,ZHAO Yunchuan,ZOU Quan,et al.Influences of cut stem morphology on quality consistency of super-slim cigarette[J].Tobacco Science&Technology,2016,49(10):74-80.
[21]ISO 3612-1977 Tobacco and tobacco productsCigarettes-Determination of rate of free combustion[S].
[22]司晓喜,张凤梅,赵乐,等.不同烟丝含水率卷烟主流烟气气溶胶的粒径分布特征[J].中国烟草学报,2018,24(5):1-6.SI Xiaoxi,ZHANG Fengmei,ZHAO Le,et al.Particle size distribution of aerosols in mainstream smoke of cigarettes with different moisture content in cut tobacco[J].Acta Tabacaria Sinica,2018,24(5):1-6.
[23]ISO 3308-2000 Routine analytical cigarette-smoking machine-Definitions and standard conditions[S].
[24]GB/T 19609-2004卷烟用常规分析用吸烟机测定总粒相物和焦油[S].GB/T 19609-2004 Cigarette-Determination of total and nicotine-free dry particulate matter using a routine analytical smoking machine[S].
[25]GB/T 23356-2009卷烟烟气气相中一氧化碳的测定非散射红外法[S].GB/T 23356-2009 Cigarette-Determination of carbon monoxide in the vapour phase of cigarette smoke-NDIR method[S].
[26]GB/T 23355-2009卷烟总粒相物中烟碱的测定气相色谱法[S].GB/T 23355-2009 Cigarette-Determination of nicotine in smoke condensates-Gas-chromatographic method[S].
[27]GB/T 23203.1-2013卷烟总粒相物中水分的测定第1部分:气相色谱法[S].GB/T 23203.1-2013 Cigarette-Determination of water in smoke condensates-Part 1:Gaschromatographic method[S].
[28]YC/T 138-1998烟草及烟草制品感官评价方法[S].YC/T 138-1998 Tobacco and tobacco productsThe sensory evaluation methods[S].
[29]Ishizu Y,Ohta K,Okada T.Changes in the particle size l and the concentration of cigarette smoke through the column of a cigarette[J].Journal of Aerosol Science,1978,9(1):25-29.
[30]Davies C N.Cigarette smoke:Generation and properties of the aerosol[J].Journal of Aerosol Science,1988,19(4):463-469.
[31]崔晓梦.烟丝结构对不同圆周卷烟燃烧状态的影响研究[D].郑州:中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院,2017.CUI Xiaomeng.Effects of cut tobacco structure on combustion status of cigarettes of different circumferences[D].Zhengzhou:Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC,2017.
[32]Robinson R J,Oldham M J,Clinkenbeard R E,et al.Experimental and numerical smoke carcinogen deposition in a multi-generation human replica tracheobronchial model[J].Annals of Biomedical Engineering,2006,34(3):373-383.
[33]Baker R R,Dixon M.The retention of tobacco smoke constituents in the human respiratory tract[J].Inhalation Toxicology,2006,18(4):255-294.