桂林岩溶石山青冈群落主要乔木树种的种间关联
|
摘要
分析桂林岩溶石山青冈群落主要种群的种间关联性,揭示其种群间的共生关系,可为桂林岩溶石山植被的修复与重建、经营管理和生物多样性保护提供理论依据.基于样方调查,采用χ2检验、联结系数(AC)、共同出现百分率(PC)、Ochiai指数(OI)、Dice指数(DI)和主成分分析(PCA)等方法,对桂林岩溶石山青冈群落中重要值前22位的乔木物种进行种间关联测定和生态种组划分.结果表明:研究区22个主要乔木物种总体呈显著正联结,表明该地区青冈群落处于较稳定的顶极阶段;χ2检验结果显示,231个种对中有108个种对呈正联结,115个种对呈负联结,8个种对无联结,正负联结比为93.9%,绝大多数种对呈不显著联结,种对间的独立性较强,主要原因可能在于桂林岩溶石山较高的生境异质性导致物种间的生态位产生分化; AC、PC、OI和DI与χ2检验结果基本一致,种间关联性分析应以χ2检验为基础,辅以AC、PC、OI和DI等指数进行综合研究;根据PCA排序和种间关联关系,将22个主要乔木种群划分为3个生态种组,组内物种对生境具有趋同适应性,组间物种具有不同的生态要求.
Analyzing the interspecific association of major tree populations of Cyclobalanopsis glauca community and revealing the coexistence among the populations would provide theoretical basis for the restoration and reconstruction,management and biodiversity conservation of Karst hills in Guilin. Based on field survey,the χ2test,association coefficient( AC),co-occurrence percentage( PC),Ochiai index( OI),Dice index( DI),and principal component analysis( PCA) were used to investigate the interspecific association and eco-taxonomic classification of the top 22 tree species in Cyclobalanopsis glauca community in Guilin Karst Rocky Mountains. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the interspecific associations of the 22 main tree populations,indicating that this community was in a stable climax stage. The results of χ2test showed that 108 pairs of 231 species pairs had positive associations,115 species pairs had negative associations,8 species pairs were unrelated,with the positive and negative linkage ratio being93.9%. The vast majority of species pairs showed no significant association. The strong independence between species might be mainly caused by the higher habitat heterogeneity of the Karst hills in Guilin which led to the differentiation of niches between species. The results of AC,PC,OI and DI were basically consistent with that of χ2test,indicating that the analysis of interspecific association should be based on the χ2test and supplemented by AC,PC,OI and DI indices. According to the PCA and evaluation of interspecific relationships,the 22 main tree species were divided into three ecological groups. The species within each group had the same adaptability to habitat but different ecological requirements.
Analyzing the interspecific association of major tree populations of Cyclobalanopsis glauca community and revealing the coexistence among the populations would provide theoretical basis for the restoration and reconstruction,management and biodiversity conservation of Karst hills in Guilin. Based on field survey,the χ2test,association coefficient( AC),co-occurrence percentage( PC),Ochiai index( OI),Dice index( DI),and principal component analysis( PCA) were used to investigate the interspecific association and eco-taxonomic classification of the top 22 tree species in Cyclobalanopsis glauca community in Guilin Karst Rocky Mountains. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the interspecific associations of the 22 main tree populations,indicating that this community was in a stable climax stage. The results of χ2test showed that 108 pairs of 231 species pairs had positive associations,115 species pairs had negative associations,8 species pairs were unrelated,with the positive and negative linkage ratio being93.9%. The vast majority of species pairs showed no significant association. The strong independence between species might be mainly caused by the higher habitat heterogeneity of the Karst hills in Guilin which led to the differentiation of niches between species. The results of AC,PC,OI and DI were basically consistent with that of χ2test,indicating that the analysis of interspecific association should be based on the χ2test and supplemented by AC,PC,OI and DI indices. According to the PCA and evaluation of interspecific relationships,the 22 main tree species were divided into three ecological groups. The species within each group had the same adaptability to habitat but different ecological requirements.
引文
[1]Sfenthourakis S,Tzanatos E,Giokas S.Species cooccurrence:The case of congeneric species and a causal approach to patterns of species association.Global Ecology and Biogeography,2006,151:39-49
[2]Liu X-Y(刘翔宇),He D(何东),Tian W-B(田文斌),et al.Patterns of species associations in woody plants in forest communities of Putuoshan Island,Zhejiang,China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology(植物生态学报),2017,41(12):1219-1227(in Chinese)
[3]Greig-Smith P.Quantitative Plant Ecology.3rd Ed.Oxford,UK:Blackwell Scientific Publications,1983
[4]Wang N-J(王乃江),Zhang W-H(张文辉),Lu Y-C(陆元昌),et al.Interspecific association among the plants communities in the forest at Ziwuling Area in Shanxi Province.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2010,30(1):67-78(in Chinese)
[5]Liu P-P(刘萍萍),Cheng J-M(程积民).Study on plant interspecific association.Research of Soil and Water Conservation(水土保持研究),2000,7(2):179-184(in Chinese)
[6]Deng X-L(邓贤兰),Liu Y-C(刘玉成),Wu Y(吴杨).Interconnection among dominant plant populations of Castanopsis community in Jinggang Mountain Nature Reserve.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology(植物生态学报),2003,27(4):531-536(in Chinese)
[7]Zhang J-T(张金屯).Quantitative Ecology.Beijing:Science Press,2004(in Chinese)
[8]Gong Z-W(龚直文),Hang X-G(亢新刚),Gu L(顾丽),et al.Interspecific association among arbor species in two succession stages of spruce-fir conifer and broadleaved mixed forest in Changbai Mountains,northeastern China.Journal of Beijing Forestry University(北京林业大学学报),2011,33(5):28-33(in Chinese)
[9]Li X-K(李先琨),He C-X(何成新),Tang J-S(唐建生),et al.Evolution and ecological processes of karst ecosystem of Guangxi.Guangxi Sciences(广西科学),2008,15(1):80-86(in Chinese)
[10]Hu G(胡刚),Liang S-C(梁士楚),Zhang Z-H(张忠华),et al.Quantitative analysis of Cclobalanopsis glauca community on Karst hills of Guilin.Chinese Journal of Ecology(生态学杂志),2007,26(8):1177-1181(in Chinese)
[11]Hu M(胡满),Zeng S-Q(曾思齐),Long S-S(龙时胜),et al.Structure and dynamic characteristics of Cyclobalanopsis glauca secondary forests.Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology(中南林业科技大学学报),2017,37(11):110-114(in Chinese)
[12]Pan F-J(潘复静),Sun Y-J(孙英杰),Zhang D-N(张德楠),et al.Plant specific leaf areas of Cyclobalanopsis glauca-Peroceltis tatarinowii community in karst region,northern Guangxi.Guihaia(广西植物),2013,33(3):295-299(in Chinese)
[13]Zeng S-Q(曾思齐),Long S-S(龙时胜),Xiao H-S(肖化顺),et al.Intraspecic and interspecic competition of Cyclobalanopsis glauca secondary forests in south China.Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology(中南林业科技大学学报),2016,36(10):1-5(in Chinese)
[14]Zhang Z-F(张中峰),Zhang J-C(张金池),Huang Y-Q(黄玉清),et al.Effects of mycorrhizal fungi on the drought tolerance of Cyclobalanopsis glauca seedlings.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2016,36(11):3402-3410(in Chinese)
[15]Peng Y-S(彭颖姝),Li T-H(李铁华),Wen S-Z(文仕知),et al.Structure and dynamic characteristics of Cyclobalanopsis glauca secondary forests.Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology(中南林业科技大学学报),2016,36(8):3402-3410(in Chinese)
[16]Liu Q(刘球),Wu J-Y(吴际友),Cheng Y(程勇),et al.Initial test on growth of Cyclobalanopsis glauca seedlings from various of provenances.Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology(中南林业科技大学学报),2017,37(8):24-28(in Chinese)
[17]Schulter D.A variance test for detecting species association with some example application.Ecology,1984,65:998-1005
[18]Zhou X-Y(周先叶),Wang B-S(王伯荪),Li M-G(李鸣光),et al.An analysis of interspecific associations in secondary succession forest communities in Heishiding Natural Reserve,Guangdong Province.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology(植物生态学报),2000,24(3):332-339(in Chinese)
[19]Yang C-Y(杨春玉),Liu S-F(刘绍飞),Yu L-F(喻理飞).Interspecific associations of dominant tree species with restoration of a karst forest.Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College(浙江林学院学报),2010,27(1):44-50(in Chinese)
[20]Kershaw KA,Looney JHH.Quantitative and dynamic plant ecology,3rd.London:Edward Arnold
[21]Chapman SB.Trans.Yang H-X(阳含熙).Methods of Plant Ecology.Beijing:Science Press,1981(in Chinese)
[22]Wang B-S(王伯荪),Peng S-L(彭少麟).Analysis on the forest communities of Dinghu Mountain.Ⅱ.Species assoeiation.Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Natural Science)(中山大学学报:自然科学版),1983(4):29-37(in Chinese)
[23]Song Y-C(宋永昌).Vegetation Ecology.Shanghai:East China Normal University Press,2001(in Chinese)
[24]Wang B-S(王伯荪),Peng S-L(彭少麟).Studies on the measuring techniques of interspecific association of lower-subtropical evergreen-broadleaved forests.Ⅰ.The exploration and the revision on the measuring formulas of interspecific association.Acta Phytoecologica et Geobotanica Sinica(植物生态学与地植物学丛刊),1985,9(4):274-285(in Chinese)
[25]Hurlburt SH.A coefficient of interspecific association.Ecology,1969,50:1-9
[26]Whittaker RH,Fairbanks C.A study of plankton copepol communities in the Columbia Basin,southeastern Washington.Ecology,1958,39:46-65
[27]Ochiai A.Zoogeographical studies on the soleoid fishes found in Japan and its neighbouring regions.Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries,1957,22:526-530
[28]Dice LR.Measures of the amount of ecological association between species.Ecology,1945,26:297-302
[29]Xu M-H(徐满厚),Liu M(刘敏),Zhai D-T(翟大彤),et al.A review of contents and methods used to analyze various aspects of plant interspecific associations.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2016,36(24):8224-8233(in Chinese)
[30]Pan R-L(潘汝亮),Peng Y-Z(彭燕章),Ye Z-Z(叶智彰).Principal component analysis(PCA)in animal taxonomy.Acta Theriologica Sinica(兽类学报),1997,11(3):194-199(in Chinese)
[31]Jin J-Y(金俊彦),Qin W-G(覃文更),Tan W-N(谭卫宁),et al.Interspecific association among dominant populations in endangered plant Kmeria septentrionalis communities.Journal of West China Forestry Science(西部林业科学),2013,42(3):86-94(in Chinese)
[32]Huang X-T(黄祥童),Wang S-X(王绍先),Huang B-J(黄炳军),et al.Analyses of community stability and inter-specific associations between the rare plant Phyllitis scolopendrium and its associated species.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2015,35(1):80-90(in Chinese)
[33]Ward JS,Parker GR,Ferrandino FJ.Long-term spatial dynamics in an old-growth deciduous forest.Forest Ecology and Management,1996,83:189-202
[34]Han W-H(韩文衡),Li X-K(李先琨),Ye D(叶铎),et al.Interspecific association and correlation between dominant woody plant species in an evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest of karst area,Northwest Guangxi.Journal of Mountain Science(山地学报),2009,27(6):719-726(in Chinese)
[35]Zheng Z-Y(郑振宇),Long C-L(龙翠玲).Interspecific association of woody plant species at different topography sites in Maolan karst forest.Forest Resources Management(林业资源管理),2014(4):78-84(in Chinese)
[36]Shen W-H(申文辉),Li Z-H(李志辉),Ou Z-Y(欧芷阳),et al.Analysis on association between dominant species in tree layer of Excentrodendron hsienm community.Journal of Southern Agriculture(南方农业学报),2016,47(2):256-262(in Chinese)
[37]Liu R-H(刘润红),Jiang Y(姜勇),Chang B(常斌),et al.Interspecific associations and correlations among the main woody plants in a Pterocarya stenoptera community in a riparian zone of Lijiang River,Guilin,Southwest China.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2018,38(19):6881-6893(in Chinese)
[38]Zhang Z-H(张忠华),Hu G(胡刚).Interspecific relationships of dominant species in Cyclobalanopsis glauca community in karst mountain area.Ecology and Environmental Sciences(生态环境学报),2011,20(suppl.2):1209-1213(in Chinese)
[39]Liu H(刘海),Du R-W(杜如万),Wang Y(王勇),et al.Effects of Eupatorium adenophorum on interspecific association and the stability of companion species in Liangshan prefecture of Sichuan Province.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2017,37(15):5031-5038(in Chinese)
[40]Guo Z-H(郭志华),Zhuo Z-D(卓正大),Chen J(陈洁),et al.Interspecific association of trees in mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaved forest in Lushan Mountain.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology(植物生态学报),1997,21(5):33-41(in Chinese)
[41]Janson S,Vegelius J.Measures of ecological association.Oecologia,1981,49:371-376
[42]Goodall DW.Sample Similarity and Species Correlation.Amsterdam,the Netherlands:Springer,1978:99-149
[43]Radeweg JA,Lannoz JF.Trans:Li Y-Z(李育中).Statistical Ecology.Hohhot:Inner Mongolia University Press,1991(in Chinese)
[44]Li Y-D(李意德),Xu H(许涵),Chen D-X(陈德祥),et al.Discussing on the ecological species groups and functional groups division based on the interspecific association:A case study on the arbor layer data in tropical lowland rain forest of Jianfengling,Hainan Island,China.Scientia Silvae Sinicae(林业科学),2007,43(4):9-16(in Chinese)
[45]Jian M-F(简敏菲),Liu Q(刘琪),Zhu D(朱笃),et al.Inter-specific correlations among dominant populations of tree layer species in evergreen broadleaved forest in Jiulianshan Mountain of subtropical China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology(植物生态学报),2009,33(4):672-680(in Chinese)
[46]Xu J-S(许金石),Chen Y(陈煜),Wang G-X(王国勋),et al.Interspecific association of dominant woody Plant communities in Qiaoshan forest region,Shaanxi.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica(西北植物学报),2014,34(7):1467-1475(in Chinese)
[47]Ye Q-P(叶权平),Zhang W-H(张文辉),Yu S-C(于世川),et al.Interspecific association of the main tree populations of the Quercus acutissima community in the Qiaoshan forest area.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2018,38(9):3165-3174(in Chinese)
[48]Liu R-H(刘润红),Chang B(常斌),Rong C-Y(荣春艳),et al.Niche of main woody plant populations of Pterocarya stenoptera community in riparian zone of Lijiang River,China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2018,29(12):3917-3926(in Chinese)
[2]Liu X-Y(刘翔宇),He D(何东),Tian W-B(田文斌),et al.Patterns of species associations in woody plants in forest communities of Putuoshan Island,Zhejiang,China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology(植物生态学报),2017,41(12):1219-1227(in Chinese)
[3]Greig-Smith P.Quantitative Plant Ecology.3rd Ed.Oxford,UK:Blackwell Scientific Publications,1983
[4]Wang N-J(王乃江),Zhang W-H(张文辉),Lu Y-C(陆元昌),et al.Interspecific association among the plants communities in the forest at Ziwuling Area in Shanxi Province.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2010,30(1):67-78(in Chinese)
[5]Liu P-P(刘萍萍),Cheng J-M(程积民).Study on plant interspecific association.Research of Soil and Water Conservation(水土保持研究),2000,7(2):179-184(in Chinese)
[6]Deng X-L(邓贤兰),Liu Y-C(刘玉成),Wu Y(吴杨).Interconnection among dominant plant populations of Castanopsis community in Jinggang Mountain Nature Reserve.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology(植物生态学报),2003,27(4):531-536(in Chinese)
[7]Zhang J-T(张金屯).Quantitative Ecology.Beijing:Science Press,2004(in Chinese)
[8]Gong Z-W(龚直文),Hang X-G(亢新刚),Gu L(顾丽),et al.Interspecific association among arbor species in two succession stages of spruce-fir conifer and broadleaved mixed forest in Changbai Mountains,northeastern China.Journal of Beijing Forestry University(北京林业大学学报),2011,33(5):28-33(in Chinese)
[9]Li X-K(李先琨),He C-X(何成新),Tang J-S(唐建生),et al.Evolution and ecological processes of karst ecosystem of Guangxi.Guangxi Sciences(广西科学),2008,15(1):80-86(in Chinese)
[10]Hu G(胡刚),Liang S-C(梁士楚),Zhang Z-H(张忠华),et al.Quantitative analysis of Cclobalanopsis glauca community on Karst hills of Guilin.Chinese Journal of Ecology(生态学杂志),2007,26(8):1177-1181(in Chinese)
[11]Hu M(胡满),Zeng S-Q(曾思齐),Long S-S(龙时胜),et al.Structure and dynamic characteristics of Cyclobalanopsis glauca secondary forests.Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology(中南林业科技大学学报),2017,37(11):110-114(in Chinese)
[12]Pan F-J(潘复静),Sun Y-J(孙英杰),Zhang D-N(张德楠),et al.Plant specific leaf areas of Cyclobalanopsis glauca-Peroceltis tatarinowii community in karst region,northern Guangxi.Guihaia(广西植物),2013,33(3):295-299(in Chinese)
[13]Zeng S-Q(曾思齐),Long S-S(龙时胜),Xiao H-S(肖化顺),et al.Intraspecic and interspecic competition of Cyclobalanopsis glauca secondary forests in south China.Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology(中南林业科技大学学报),2016,36(10):1-5(in Chinese)
[14]Zhang Z-F(张中峰),Zhang J-C(张金池),Huang Y-Q(黄玉清),et al.Effects of mycorrhizal fungi on the drought tolerance of Cyclobalanopsis glauca seedlings.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2016,36(11):3402-3410(in Chinese)
[15]Peng Y-S(彭颖姝),Li T-H(李铁华),Wen S-Z(文仕知),et al.Structure and dynamic characteristics of Cyclobalanopsis glauca secondary forests.Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology(中南林业科技大学学报),2016,36(8):3402-3410(in Chinese)
[16]Liu Q(刘球),Wu J-Y(吴际友),Cheng Y(程勇),et al.Initial test on growth of Cyclobalanopsis glauca seedlings from various of provenances.Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology(中南林业科技大学学报),2017,37(8):24-28(in Chinese)
[17]Schulter D.A variance test for detecting species association with some example application.Ecology,1984,65:998-1005
[18]Zhou X-Y(周先叶),Wang B-S(王伯荪),Li M-G(李鸣光),et al.An analysis of interspecific associations in secondary succession forest communities in Heishiding Natural Reserve,Guangdong Province.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology(植物生态学报),2000,24(3):332-339(in Chinese)
[19]Yang C-Y(杨春玉),Liu S-F(刘绍飞),Yu L-F(喻理飞).Interspecific associations of dominant tree species with restoration of a karst forest.Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College(浙江林学院学报),2010,27(1):44-50(in Chinese)
[20]Kershaw KA,Looney JHH.Quantitative and dynamic plant ecology,3rd.London:Edward Arnold
[21]Chapman SB.Trans.Yang H-X(阳含熙).Methods of Plant Ecology.Beijing:Science Press,1981(in Chinese)
[22]Wang B-S(王伯荪),Peng S-L(彭少麟).Analysis on the forest communities of Dinghu Mountain.Ⅱ.Species assoeiation.Journal of Sun Yat-sen University(Natural Science)(中山大学学报:自然科学版),1983(4):29-37(in Chinese)
[23]Song Y-C(宋永昌).Vegetation Ecology.Shanghai:East China Normal University Press,2001(in Chinese)
[24]Wang B-S(王伯荪),Peng S-L(彭少麟).Studies on the measuring techniques of interspecific association of lower-subtropical evergreen-broadleaved forests.Ⅰ.The exploration and the revision on the measuring formulas of interspecific association.Acta Phytoecologica et Geobotanica Sinica(植物生态学与地植物学丛刊),1985,9(4):274-285(in Chinese)
[25]Hurlburt SH.A coefficient of interspecific association.Ecology,1969,50:1-9
[26]Whittaker RH,Fairbanks C.A study of plankton copepol communities in the Columbia Basin,southeastern Washington.Ecology,1958,39:46-65
[27]Ochiai A.Zoogeographical studies on the soleoid fishes found in Japan and its neighbouring regions.Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries,1957,22:526-530
[28]Dice LR.Measures of the amount of ecological association between species.Ecology,1945,26:297-302
[29]Xu M-H(徐满厚),Liu M(刘敏),Zhai D-T(翟大彤),et al.A review of contents and methods used to analyze various aspects of plant interspecific associations.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2016,36(24):8224-8233(in Chinese)
[30]Pan R-L(潘汝亮),Peng Y-Z(彭燕章),Ye Z-Z(叶智彰).Principal component analysis(PCA)in animal taxonomy.Acta Theriologica Sinica(兽类学报),1997,11(3):194-199(in Chinese)
[31]Jin J-Y(金俊彦),Qin W-G(覃文更),Tan W-N(谭卫宁),et al.Interspecific association among dominant populations in endangered plant Kmeria septentrionalis communities.Journal of West China Forestry Science(西部林业科学),2013,42(3):86-94(in Chinese)
[32]Huang X-T(黄祥童),Wang S-X(王绍先),Huang B-J(黄炳军),et al.Analyses of community stability and inter-specific associations between the rare plant Phyllitis scolopendrium and its associated species.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2015,35(1):80-90(in Chinese)
[33]Ward JS,Parker GR,Ferrandino FJ.Long-term spatial dynamics in an old-growth deciduous forest.Forest Ecology and Management,1996,83:189-202
[34]Han W-H(韩文衡),Li X-K(李先琨),Ye D(叶铎),et al.Interspecific association and correlation between dominant woody plant species in an evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest of karst area,Northwest Guangxi.Journal of Mountain Science(山地学报),2009,27(6):719-726(in Chinese)
[35]Zheng Z-Y(郑振宇),Long C-L(龙翠玲).Interspecific association of woody plant species at different topography sites in Maolan karst forest.Forest Resources Management(林业资源管理),2014(4):78-84(in Chinese)
[36]Shen W-H(申文辉),Li Z-H(李志辉),Ou Z-Y(欧芷阳),et al.Analysis on association between dominant species in tree layer of Excentrodendron hsienm community.Journal of Southern Agriculture(南方农业学报),2016,47(2):256-262(in Chinese)
[37]Liu R-H(刘润红),Jiang Y(姜勇),Chang B(常斌),et al.Interspecific associations and correlations among the main woody plants in a Pterocarya stenoptera community in a riparian zone of Lijiang River,Guilin,Southwest China.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2018,38(19):6881-6893(in Chinese)
[38]Zhang Z-H(张忠华),Hu G(胡刚).Interspecific relationships of dominant species in Cyclobalanopsis glauca community in karst mountain area.Ecology and Environmental Sciences(生态环境学报),2011,20(suppl.2):1209-1213(in Chinese)
[39]Liu H(刘海),Du R-W(杜如万),Wang Y(王勇),et al.Effects of Eupatorium adenophorum on interspecific association and the stability of companion species in Liangshan prefecture of Sichuan Province.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2017,37(15):5031-5038(in Chinese)
[40]Guo Z-H(郭志华),Zhuo Z-D(卓正大),Chen J(陈洁),et al.Interspecific association of trees in mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaved forest in Lushan Mountain.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology(植物生态学报),1997,21(5):33-41(in Chinese)
[41]Janson S,Vegelius J.Measures of ecological association.Oecologia,1981,49:371-376
[42]Goodall DW.Sample Similarity and Species Correlation.Amsterdam,the Netherlands:Springer,1978:99-149
[43]Radeweg JA,Lannoz JF.Trans:Li Y-Z(李育中).Statistical Ecology.Hohhot:Inner Mongolia University Press,1991(in Chinese)
[44]Li Y-D(李意德),Xu H(许涵),Chen D-X(陈德祥),et al.Discussing on the ecological species groups and functional groups division based on the interspecific association:A case study on the arbor layer data in tropical lowland rain forest of Jianfengling,Hainan Island,China.Scientia Silvae Sinicae(林业科学),2007,43(4):9-16(in Chinese)
[45]Jian M-F(简敏菲),Liu Q(刘琪),Zhu D(朱笃),et al.Inter-specific correlations among dominant populations of tree layer species in evergreen broadleaved forest in Jiulianshan Mountain of subtropical China.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology(植物生态学报),2009,33(4):672-680(in Chinese)
[46]Xu J-S(许金石),Chen Y(陈煜),Wang G-X(王国勋),et al.Interspecific association of dominant woody Plant communities in Qiaoshan forest region,Shaanxi.Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica(西北植物学报),2014,34(7):1467-1475(in Chinese)
[47]Ye Q-P(叶权平),Zhang W-H(张文辉),Yu S-C(于世川),et al.Interspecific association of the main tree populations of the Quercus acutissima community in the Qiaoshan forest area.Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2018,38(9):3165-3174(in Chinese)
[48]Liu R-H(刘润红),Chang B(常斌),Rong C-Y(荣春艳),et al.Niche of main woody plant populations of Pterocarya stenoptera community in riparian zone of Lijiang River,China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2018,29(12):3917-3926(in Chinese)