金属氧化物畴结构的静态及动态表征
|
摘要
本文通过电子显微技术与晶体学的对称群理论结合,对金属氧化物的畴结构进行静态及动态表征。主要包括:(1)利用电子衍射与球差校正透射电子显微技术,对畴结构的取向关系、原子尺度界面构型进行分析;(2)基于原位透射电子显微技术实时观察畴结构的生长,并研究其微观力学和电学行为。文章结果为金属氧化物构效关系的搭建及应用设计提供借鉴。
Combining both the electron microscopy with crystallographic group theory, this paper reports our recent progress regarding the dynamic and static characterizations of domain structures in different metal oxides:(1) investigating the orientation relationships of domain structures and atomic-scale configurations of the various interfaces by applying electron diffraction and aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy;(2) revealing the growth dynamics of domain structures as well as exploring their microscopic mechaniccal and electrical behaviors based on in situ transmission electron microscopy. These results provide the guidance for constructing the structure-property relationships and contribute to the property-directing structural design in metal oxides.
Combining both the electron microscopy with crystallographic group theory, this paper reports our recent progress regarding the dynamic and static characterizations of domain structures in different metal oxides:(1) investigating the orientation relationships of domain structures and atomic-scale configurations of the various interfaces by applying electron diffraction and aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy;(2) revealing the growth dynamics of domain structures as well as exploring their microscopic mechaniccal and electrical behaviors based on in situ transmission electron microscopy. These results provide the guidance for constructing the structure-property relationships and contribute to the property-directing structural design in metal oxides.
引文
[1] LIU X L,LIANG S, NAN F, et al. Stepwise synthesis of cubic Au-AgCdS core-shell nanostructures with tunable plasmon resonances and fluorescence [J]. Opt Express,2013,21(21): 24793-24798.
[2] LIANG S, LIU X L, YANG Y Z, et al. Symmetric and asymmetric Au-AgCdSe hybrid nanorods [J]. Nano Lett,2012,12(10): 5281-5286.
[3] JIN L, WANG J B, JIA S F, et al. Twinning mediated growth of ZnSe tri- and bi-crystal nanobelts with single crystalline wurtzite nanobelts as building blocks [J]. Crys Eng Comm,2010,12(1): 150-158.
[4] JIN L, WANG J B, JIA S F, et al. ZnSe heterocrystalline junctions based on zinc blende-wurtzite polytypism [J]. J Phys Chem C,2010,114(3): 1411-1415.
[5] ZHANG K, ZHENG H, WANG J B, et al. Transmission electron microscopy on iron monosulfide varieties from the Suizhou meteorite [J]. Phys Chem Miner,2008,35(8): 425-432.
[6] MA J Y, WANG J B, WANG R H. Investigation of defects in Al-Pd-Mn icosahedral quasicrystals by simulation of X-ray topography images [J]. J Phys D: Appl Phys,2008,41(8): 085413.
[7] JIN L, WANG J B, CHOY W C H. Growth of ZnSe nanospirals with bending mediated by Lomer-Cottrell sessile dislocations through varying pressure [J]. Cryst Growth Des,2008,8(10): 3829-3833.
[8] JIN L, WANG J B, CAO G Y, et al. {113} twinned ZnSe bicrystal nanobelts filled with twinnings [J]. J Phys Chem C,2008,112(13): 4903-4907.
[9] JIN L, WANG J B, CAO G Y, et al. Fabrication and characterization of amorphous silica nanostructures [J]. Phys Lett A,2008, 372(25): 4622-4626.
[10] LIU S Y, CHOY W C H, JIN L, et al. Triple-crystal zinc selenide nanobelts [J]. J Phys Chem C,2007,111(26): 9055-9059.
[11] JIN L, CHOY W C H, LEUNG Y P, et al. Synthesis and analysis of abnormal wurtzite ZnSe nanowheels [J]. J Appl Phys,2007,102(4): 044302.
[12] YU J G, LIU S W, CHENG B, et al. Polymer-directed large-scale synthesis of single-crystal vanadium oxide nanobelts [J]. Mater Chem Phys,2006,95(2/3): 206-210.
[13] WANG J B, GASTALDI J, WANG R H. Preliminary characterization of loop-shaped defect in the AlPdMn icosahedral quasicrystal by conventional X-ray topography [J]. Chin Phys Lett,2001, 18(1): 88-90.
[14] KE P, PENG S, ZHENG H, et al. Effect of substrate roughness on C-oriented AlN thin films [J]. J Chin Electr Microsc Soc,2016,35(4): 303-308.
[15] XU Z L, XIAO L L, WANG F, et al. Effects of precursor, synthesis time and synthesis temperature on the physical and electrochemical properties of Li(Ni1-x-yCoxNny)O2 cathode materials [J]. J Power Sources,2014,248: 180-189.
[16] XU Z L, XIAO L L, WANG F, et al. Corrigendum to “Effects of precursor, synthesis time and synthesis temperature on the physical and electrochemical properties of Li(Ni1-x-yCoxMny)O2 cathode materials” (J. Power Sources, 2014, 248: 180-189) [J]. J Power Sources, 2014, 253: 433-434.
[17] LI L, TU F, JIN L, et al. Polarity continuation and frustration in ZnSe nanospirals [J]. Sci Rep,2014,4: 7447.
[18] LI L, GAN Z, MCCARTNEY M R, et al. Determination of polarization-fields across polytype interfaces in InAs nanopillars [J]. Adv Mater,2014,26(7): 1052-1057.
[19] ZHENG H, WANG J, HUANG J Y, et al. Dynamic process of phase transition from wurtzite to zinc blende structure in InAs nanowires [J]. Nano Lett,2013,13(12): 6023-6027.
[20] XIONG D, LU L, WANG J, et al. Non-centro-symmetric electron diffraction pattern of icosahedral quasicrystal induced by combination of linear phason strain and curvature of Ewald sphere [J]. Micron,2013(52/53): 45-48.
[21] LI L, GAN Z, MCCARTNEY M R, et al. Atomic configurations at InAs partial dislocation cores associated with Z-shape faulted dipoles [J]. Sci Rep,2013,3: 3229.
[22] ZHENG H, LIU Y, MAO S X, et al. Beam-assisted large elongation of in situ formed Li2O nanowires [J]. Sci Rep,2012, 2: 542.
[23] LI L, JIN L, WANG J, et al. Polarization-induced charge distribution at homogeneous zincblende/wurtzite heterostructural junctions in ZnSe nanobelts [J]. Adv Mater,2012,24(10): 1328-1332.
[24] JIANG Q, ZHENG H, WANG J, et al. Structural and optical characterization of ZnO/MgxZn1-xO multiple quantum wells based random laser diodes [J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2012,4(12): 7042-7045.
[25] WANG R, YIN J H, GUI J N, et al. Elastic constants of Si crystal determined by thermal diffuse electron scattering [J]. Ultramicroscopy,2004,98(2/3/4): 159-163.
[26] ZHAO D S, WANG R H, WANG J B, et al. The role of the Φ phase in the solidification process of Al-Cu-Fe icosahedral quasicrystal [J]. Mater Lett,2003,57(29): 4493-4500.
[27] WANG J B, QIN Y L. Comment on "Low-temperature lattice excitation of icosahedral Al-Mn-Pd quasicrystals" [J]. Phys Rev B,2002,65(2): 026201.
[28] YE L, LIU Y, ZHAO D S, et al. Effects of Sn on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a hot-extruded Mg-Zn-Y-Sn alloy [J]. Mater Sci Eng A,2018,724: 121-130.
[29] KONG L, CAO F, HAN W, et al. The effects of annealing time on the synthesis of sodium tungsten bronze [J]. J Chin Electr Microsc Soc,2016,35(4): 328-335.
[30] LI L, HU X, JIANG F, et al. Atomic-scale analysis of cation ordering in reduced calcium titanate [J]. Sci Rep,2017,7: 14977.
[31] XIONG D, WANG J, LU L, et al. Phason strained quasicrystalline and crystalline precipitates in Zr-Al-Ni-Cu-Nb bulk metallic glass matrix composites [J]. J Non-Cryst Solids,2012,358(22): 3007-3011.
[32] TAO H, LIU Y, ZHAO D, et al. Electron microscopic investigation on the microstructure of an Mg-Al-Zn-Y alloy [J]. J Chin Electr Microsc Soc,2012,31(3): 211-216.
[33] 王仁卉,郭可信. 晶体学中的对称群 [M]. 北京:科学出版社,1990.
[34] PU S, ZHENG H, CHEN Z, et al. The microstructure and ferroelectric property of Nd-doped multiferroic ceramics Bi0.85Nd0.15FeO3 [J]. Ceram Int,2015,41(4): 5498-5504.
[35] XIONG Y, JIA S, WANG J, et al. Orientation domains in the intermediate product Na3TiOF5 during the synthesis of anatase TiO2 nanosheets with exposed reactive {001} facets [J]. J Appl Crystallogr,2013,46: 1741-1748.
[36] SHENG H, ZHENG H, JIA S, et al. Twin structures in CuO nanowires [J]. J Appl Crystallogr,2016,49: 462-467.
[37] LU L, XIONG D, WANG J, et al. Varied linear phason strain and its induced domain structure in quasicrystalline precipitates of Zr-Al-Ni-Cu-Nb bulk metallic glass matrix composites [J]. J Mater Res,2012, 27(23): 3041-3048.
[38] LU L, YAN X, WANG J, et al. Oriented NiO Nanosheets with Regular Hexagonal Nanopores [J]. J Phys Chem C,2012, 116(27): 14638-14643.
[39] NIE X, GUAN Y, ZHAO D, et al. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of the crystallography of precipitates in Mg-Sn alloys aged at high temperatures [J]. J Appl Crystallogr,2014,47: 1729-1735.
[40] LU L, WANG J, ZHENG H, et al. Spontaneous formation of filamentary Cd whiskers and degradation of CdMgYb icosahedral quasicrystal under ambient conditions [J]. J Mater Res,2012,27(14): 1895-1904.
[41] LIU Y, ZHAO D, NIE X, et al. In situ transmission electron microscopy observations of precipitation and a new orientation relationship between γ-Mg17Al12 and magnesium-based matrix in an Mg-Al-Zn-Sn alloy [J]. Philos Mag Lett,2012,92(12): 668-674.
[42] LIU Y, ZHAO D, NIE X, et al. The measurement of the density of the precipitated gamma particles during the aging process of the Mg-Al-Zn-Sn alloy [J]. J Chin Electr Microsc Soc,2012,31(2): 130-134.
[43] ZHOU J P, ZHAO D S, ZHENG O, et al. High-resolution electron microscopy observations of continuous precipitates with Pitsch-Schrader orientation relationship in an Mg-Al based alloy and interpretation with the O-lattice theory [J]. Micron,2009, 40(8): 906-910.
[44] ZHENG O, ZHOU J P, ZHAO D S, et al. The crystallography of continuous precipitates with a newly observed orientation relationship in an Mg-Al-based alloy [J]. Scr Mater,2009,60(9): 791-794.
[45] ZHENG O, MA J Y, WANG J B, et al. Three-dimensional size and orientation of the precipitates in AZ91 magnesium alloys measured by TEM techniques [J]. Chin Phys B,2009,18(10): 4370-4379.
[46] LI L, WANG J, WANG R, et al. Atomistic study on twinning of Cu2O quantum dots [J]. Appl Phys Lett,2006,89(11): 113109.
[47] WANG J, YANG W, WANG R. Atomic model of anti-phase boundaries in a face-centred icosahedral Zn-Mg-Dy quasicrystal [J]. J Phys: Condens Matter,2003,15(10): 1599-1611.
[48] LI M, CAO F, JIA S, et al. Synthesis of the manganese molybdate nanomaterials through electron beam irradiation [J]. J Chin Electr Microsc Soc,2017,36(4): 328-335.
[49] ZHAO P, CAO F, JIA S, et al. Phase transition of MoO3 nanobelts under external fields [J]. J Chin Electr Microsc Soc,2017, 36(5): 429-435.
[50] WEN G,ZHENG H, WANG K, et al. Orientation domains in a monoclinic Mg-Al-O phase [J]. J Appl Crystallogr,2018,51(3): 802-808.
[51] ZHUANG Y, YE L, ZHAO D, et al. Interfacial segregation and locally periodic clusters in an as-cast Mg-Co-Y alloy [J]. J Alloys Compd,2018,749: 972-977.
[52] 朱静,叶恒强,王仁卉,等. 高空间分辨分析电子显微学 [M]. 北京:科学出版社,1987.
[53] ZHU J, YE H Q, COWLEY J M. Effect of antiphase domain boundaries on microdiffraction computer simulation [J]. Ultramicroscopy,1985,18(1): 111-116.
[54] ZHU J, COWLEY J M. Microdiffraction from stacking faults and twin boundaries in fcc crystals [J]. J Appl Crystallogr,1983, 16(2): 171-175.
[55] ZHU J, COWLEY J M. Microdiffraction from antiphase domain boundaries in Cu3Au [J]. Acta Crystallogr,Sect A,1982,38(5): 718-724.
[56] ZHU J, COWLEY J M. Study of early-stage precipitation in Al-4%Cu by microdiffraction and stem [J]. Ultramicroscopy,1985, 18(1): 419-426.
[57] ZHU J, PENG L-M, COWLEY J M. Effects of the coherence of illumination on electron microdiffraction pattern intensities [J]. J. Electron Microsc Tech, 1987, 7(3): 177-183.
[58] ZHU J, DUAN X, LI D, et al. Applications of microdiffraction related to HREM [J]. Microsc Res Tech,1998,40(2): 122-135.
[59] ZHU J. Microdiffraction and analysis [J]. J Electron Microsc Tech,1987,7(4): 313-317.
[60] JIA S, SANG H, ZHANG W, et al. Ordered and twinned structure in hexagonal-based potassium tungsten bronze nanosheets [J]. J Appl Crystallogr,2013,46: 1817-1822.
[61] JIA S, ZHENG H, SANG H, et al. Self-assembly of KxWO3 nanowires into nanosheets by an oriented attachment mechanism [J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2013, 5(20): 10346-10351.
[62] LI L Y, JIANG F, TU F F, et al. Atomic-scale study of cation ordering in potassium tungsten bronze nanosheets [J]. Adv Sci,2017,4(9): 1600537.
[63] ZHANG W, JIA S, WANG J. The formation and TEM characterizations of the ordered KxWO3 twinned nanowires [J]. J Chin Electr Microsc Soc,2012, 31(4): 286-293.
[64] CAO F, JIA S F, ZHENG H, et al. Thermal-induced formation of domain structures in CuO nanomaterials [J]. Phys Rev Mater,2017, 1(5): 053401.
[65] CAO F, JIA S, LIU X, et al. Orientation domains in CuO nanowires [J]. J Chin Electr Microsc Soc,2017, 36(3): 214-221.
[66] WANG J B, LI L Y, LIU Z, et al. Nano-composite materials studied by CTEM and STEM[M]. In:Nanoscience and technology, Pts 1 and 2, BAI C,XIE S,ZHU X Eds, 2007(121/122/123):991-994.
[67] HAN W, LV Y, CAO F, et al. Synthesis and electron microscopy characterization of sodium tungsten bronzes [J]. J Chin Electr Microsc Soc, 2017, 36(4): 321-327.
[68] WU S, ZHENG H, JIA S, et al. Three-dimensional structures of magnesium nanopores [J]. Nanotechnology, 2016, 27(12): 125603.
[69] SHENG H, ZHENG H, CAO F, et al. Anelasticity of twinned CuO nanowires [J]. Nano Res, 2015, 8(11): 3687-3693.
[70] CAO F, ZHENG H, JIA S, et al. Atomistic observation of structural evolution during magnesium oxide growth [J]. J Phys Chem C, 2016, 120(47): 26873-26878.
[71] JIA S, HU S, ZHENG H, et al. Atomistic interface dynamics in Sn-catalyzed growth of wurtzite and zinc-blende ZnO nanowires [J]. Nano Lett, 2018, 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00420.
[72] LIU H, CAO F, ZHENG H, et al. In situ observation of the sodiation process in CuO nanowires [J]. Chem Commun, 2015, 51(52): 10443-10446.
[73] ZHENG H, WU S, SHENG H, et al. Direct atomic-scale observation of layer-by-layer oxide growth during magnesium oxidation [J]. Appl Phys Lett,2014, 104(14): 141906.
[74] LIU C, WU S, ZHENG H, et al. Size-controllable fabrication of Cu nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes by simple heating [J]. Mater Res Bull, 2015, 61: 270-274.
[75] ZHENG H, WANG J, HUANG J Y, et al. Void-assisted plasticity in Ag nanowires with a single twin structure [J]. Nanoscale, 2014, 6(16): 9574-9578.
[76] WU S, SHENG H, LIU C, et al. Fabrication and healing of faceted nanopores in magnesium [J]. Microsc Microanal, 2014, 20(S3): 1640-1641.
[77] ZHENG H, LIU Y, CAO F, et al. Electron beam-assisted healing of nanopores in magnesium alloys [J]. Sci Rep, 2013, 3: 1920.
[78] WU S, CAO F, ZHENG H, et al. Fabrication of faceted nanopores in magnesium [J]. Appl Phys Lett, 2013, 103(24): 243101.
[79] ZHENG H, WANG J, HUANG J Y, et al. In situ visualization of birth and annihilation of grain boundaries in an Au Nanocrystal [J]. Phys Rev Lett, 2012, 109(22): 225501.
[80] ZHENG H, CAO A, WEINBERGER C R, et al. Discrete plasticity in sub-10-nm-sized gold crystals [J]. Nat Commun, 2010, 1(9): 144.
[81] ZHANG K, WANG J, LU X, et al. Structural evolution of hydrothermal-synthesized Ni(SO4)0.3(OH)1.4 nanobelts during ex situ heat treatment and in situ electron irradiation [J]. J Phys Chem C, 2009, 113(1): 142-147.
[82] LU X, ZHANG K, LI L, et al. TEM investigation of structural evolution of Ni(SO4)0.3(OH)1.4 nanobelts during ex-situ heat treatment and in-situ electron irradiation [J]. J Chin Electr Microsc Soc, 2008, 27(4): 275-281.
[83] ZHOU J P, ZHAO D S, WANG R H, et al. In situ observation of ageing process and new morphologies of continuous precipitates in AZ91 magnesium alloy [J]. Mater Lett, 2007, 61(25): 4707-4710.
[84] WANG J B, MA J Y, LU L, et al. Plastic deformation of fine-grained Al-Cu-Fe-(B) icosahedral poly-quasicrystals at elevated temperature [J]. Chin Phys Lett, 2007, 24(8): 2331-2334.
[85] WANG J, LI L, XIONG D, et al. High spatially resolved morphological, structural and spectroscopical studies on copper oxide nanocrystals [J]. Nanotechnology, 2007, 18(7): 075705.
[86] LIU H, ZHENG H, LI L, et al. Atomic-scale observation of a two-stage oxidation process in Cu2O [J]. Nano Res,2017, 10(7): 2344-2350.
[87] ZHENG H, WANG J, XU Z, et al. Intra-layer ordering and inter-layer disordering of the Li2MnO3 phase in Li1.07Mn1.93O4-δ cathode materials: electron diffraction investigation and DIFFaX simulation of X-ray diffraction patterns [J]. J Appl Crystallogr, 2014, 47: 879-886.
[88] DAI Z X, WANG R, XU Z, et al. New findings in phase transitions of spinel Li1.07Mn1.93O4-δ studied by transmission electron microscopy [J]. Micron,2005, 36(1): 47-54.
[89] XU Z L, WANG J B, QUAN X J, et al. Formation and distribution of tetragonal phases in the Li1+αMn2-αO4-δ at room temperature: direct evidence from a transmission electron microscopy study [J]. J Power Sources,2014, 248: 1201-1210.
[90] XU Z L, WANG J B, ZHANG K, et al. Nanoscale Lamellar Monoclinic Li2MnO3 Phase with Stacking Disordering in lithium-rich and oxygen-deficient Li1.07Mn1.93O4-δ cathode materials [J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2014, 6(2): 1219-1227.
[91] GUO C, SHENG H, MA Y, et al. Growth mechanism of titanium monoxide TiOx on a reduced calcium titanate CaTi2O4 surface [J]. J Appl Crystallogr,2015,48: 1889-1895.
[92] GUO C, JIA S, MENG W, et al. Orientation domains in vacancy-ordered titanium monoxide [J]. Acta Crystallogr, Sect B,2013, 69: 589-594.
[93] ZHAO L, ZHENG H, JIA S. Atomistic insight into the ordered defect superstructures at novel grain boundaries in CuO nanosheets: from structures to electronic properties [J]. 2018, To be submitted.
[94] LIU H, ZHENG H, LI L, et al. Surface-coating-mediated electrochemical performance in CuO nanowires during the sodiation-desodiation cycling [J]. Adv Mater Interfaces,2018, 5(4): 1701255.
[95] LIU H, JIA S, SHENG H, et al. Synthesis and electron microscopy characterization of CoO nanomaterial [J]. J Chin Electr Microsc Soc,2015(4): 281-285. # Co-first author * Corresponding author
[2] LIANG S, LIU X L, YANG Y Z, et al. Symmetric and asymmetric Au-AgCdSe hybrid nanorods [J]. Nano Lett,2012,12(10): 5281-5286.
[3] JIN L, WANG J B, JIA S F, et al. Twinning mediated growth of ZnSe tri- and bi-crystal nanobelts with single crystalline wurtzite nanobelts as building blocks [J]. Crys Eng Comm,2010,12(1): 150-158.
[4] JIN L, WANG J B, JIA S F, et al. ZnSe heterocrystalline junctions based on zinc blende-wurtzite polytypism [J]. J Phys Chem C,2010,114(3): 1411-1415.
[5] ZHANG K, ZHENG H, WANG J B, et al. Transmission electron microscopy on iron monosulfide varieties from the Suizhou meteorite [J]. Phys Chem Miner,2008,35(8): 425-432.
[6] MA J Y, WANG J B, WANG R H. Investigation of defects in Al-Pd-Mn icosahedral quasicrystals by simulation of X-ray topography images [J]. J Phys D: Appl Phys,2008,41(8): 085413.
[7] JIN L, WANG J B, CHOY W C H. Growth of ZnSe nanospirals with bending mediated by Lomer-Cottrell sessile dislocations through varying pressure [J]. Cryst Growth Des,2008,8(10): 3829-3833.
[8] JIN L, WANG J B, CAO G Y, et al. {113} twinned ZnSe bicrystal nanobelts filled with twinnings [J]. J Phys Chem C,2008,112(13): 4903-4907.
[9] JIN L, WANG J B, CAO G Y, et al. Fabrication and characterization of amorphous silica nanostructures [J]. Phys Lett A,2008, 372(25): 4622-4626.
[10] LIU S Y, CHOY W C H, JIN L, et al. Triple-crystal zinc selenide nanobelts [J]. J Phys Chem C,2007,111(26): 9055-9059.
[11] JIN L, CHOY W C H, LEUNG Y P, et al. Synthesis and analysis of abnormal wurtzite ZnSe nanowheels [J]. J Appl Phys,2007,102(4): 044302.
[12] YU J G, LIU S W, CHENG B, et al. Polymer-directed large-scale synthesis of single-crystal vanadium oxide nanobelts [J]. Mater Chem Phys,2006,95(2/3): 206-210.
[13] WANG J B, GASTALDI J, WANG R H. Preliminary characterization of loop-shaped defect in the AlPdMn icosahedral quasicrystal by conventional X-ray topography [J]. Chin Phys Lett,2001, 18(1): 88-90.
[14] KE P, PENG S, ZHENG H, et al. Effect of substrate roughness on C-oriented AlN thin films [J]. J Chin Electr Microsc Soc,2016,35(4): 303-308.
[15] XU Z L, XIAO L L, WANG F, et al. Effects of precursor, synthesis time and synthesis temperature on the physical and electrochemical properties of Li(Ni1-x-yCoxNny)O2 cathode materials [J]. J Power Sources,2014,248: 180-189.
[16] XU Z L, XIAO L L, WANG F, et al. Corrigendum to “Effects of precursor, synthesis time and synthesis temperature on the physical and electrochemical properties of Li(Ni1-x-yCoxMny)O2 cathode materials” (J. Power Sources, 2014, 248: 180-189) [J]. J Power Sources, 2014, 253: 433-434.
[17] LI L, TU F, JIN L, et al. Polarity continuation and frustration in ZnSe nanospirals [J]. Sci Rep,2014,4: 7447.
[18] LI L, GAN Z, MCCARTNEY M R, et al. Determination of polarization-fields across polytype interfaces in InAs nanopillars [J]. Adv Mater,2014,26(7): 1052-1057.
[19] ZHENG H, WANG J, HUANG J Y, et al. Dynamic process of phase transition from wurtzite to zinc blende structure in InAs nanowires [J]. Nano Lett,2013,13(12): 6023-6027.
[20] XIONG D, LU L, WANG J, et al. Non-centro-symmetric electron diffraction pattern of icosahedral quasicrystal induced by combination of linear phason strain and curvature of Ewald sphere [J]. Micron,2013(52/53): 45-48.
[21] LI L, GAN Z, MCCARTNEY M R, et al. Atomic configurations at InAs partial dislocation cores associated with Z-shape faulted dipoles [J]. Sci Rep,2013,3: 3229.
[22] ZHENG H, LIU Y, MAO S X, et al. Beam-assisted large elongation of in situ formed Li2O nanowires [J]. Sci Rep,2012, 2: 542.
[23] LI L, JIN L, WANG J, et al. Polarization-induced charge distribution at homogeneous zincblende/wurtzite heterostructural junctions in ZnSe nanobelts [J]. Adv Mater,2012,24(10): 1328-1332.
[24] JIANG Q, ZHENG H, WANG J, et al. Structural and optical characterization of ZnO/MgxZn1-xO multiple quantum wells based random laser diodes [J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2012,4(12): 7042-7045.
[25] WANG R, YIN J H, GUI J N, et al. Elastic constants of Si crystal determined by thermal diffuse electron scattering [J]. Ultramicroscopy,2004,98(2/3/4): 159-163.
[26] ZHAO D S, WANG R H, WANG J B, et al. The role of the Φ phase in the solidification process of Al-Cu-Fe icosahedral quasicrystal [J]. Mater Lett,2003,57(29): 4493-4500.
[27] WANG J B, QIN Y L. Comment on "Low-temperature lattice excitation of icosahedral Al-Mn-Pd quasicrystals" [J]. Phys Rev B,2002,65(2): 026201.
[28] YE L, LIU Y, ZHAO D S, et al. Effects of Sn on the microstructure and mechanical properties of a hot-extruded Mg-Zn-Y-Sn alloy [J]. Mater Sci Eng A,2018,724: 121-130.
[29] KONG L, CAO F, HAN W, et al. The effects of annealing time on the synthesis of sodium tungsten bronze [J]. J Chin Electr Microsc Soc,2016,35(4): 328-335.
[30] LI L, HU X, JIANG F, et al. Atomic-scale analysis of cation ordering in reduced calcium titanate [J]. Sci Rep,2017,7: 14977.
[31] XIONG D, WANG J, LU L, et al. Phason strained quasicrystalline and crystalline precipitates in Zr-Al-Ni-Cu-Nb bulk metallic glass matrix composites [J]. J Non-Cryst Solids,2012,358(22): 3007-3011.
[32] TAO H, LIU Y, ZHAO D, et al. Electron microscopic investigation on the microstructure of an Mg-Al-Zn-Y alloy [J]. J Chin Electr Microsc Soc,2012,31(3): 211-216.
[33] 王仁卉,郭可信. 晶体学中的对称群 [M]. 北京:科学出版社,1990.
[34] PU S, ZHENG H, CHEN Z, et al. The microstructure and ferroelectric property of Nd-doped multiferroic ceramics Bi0.85Nd0.15FeO3 [J]. Ceram Int,2015,41(4): 5498-5504.
[35] XIONG Y, JIA S, WANG J, et al. Orientation domains in the intermediate product Na3TiOF5 during the synthesis of anatase TiO2 nanosheets with exposed reactive {001} facets [J]. J Appl Crystallogr,2013,46: 1741-1748.
[36] SHENG H, ZHENG H, JIA S, et al. Twin structures in CuO nanowires [J]. J Appl Crystallogr,2016,49: 462-467.
[37] LU L, XIONG D, WANG J, et al. Varied linear phason strain and its induced domain structure in quasicrystalline precipitates of Zr-Al-Ni-Cu-Nb bulk metallic glass matrix composites [J]. J Mater Res,2012, 27(23): 3041-3048.
[38] LU L, YAN X, WANG J, et al. Oriented NiO Nanosheets with Regular Hexagonal Nanopores [J]. J Phys Chem C,2012, 116(27): 14638-14643.
[39] NIE X, GUAN Y, ZHAO D, et al. Transmission electron microscopy analysis of the crystallography of precipitates in Mg-Sn alloys aged at high temperatures [J]. J Appl Crystallogr,2014,47: 1729-1735.
[40] LU L, WANG J, ZHENG H, et al. Spontaneous formation of filamentary Cd whiskers and degradation of CdMgYb icosahedral quasicrystal under ambient conditions [J]. J Mater Res,2012,27(14): 1895-1904.
[41] LIU Y, ZHAO D, NIE X, et al. In situ transmission electron microscopy observations of precipitation and a new orientation relationship between γ-Mg17Al12 and magnesium-based matrix in an Mg-Al-Zn-Sn alloy [J]. Philos Mag Lett,2012,92(12): 668-674.
[42] LIU Y, ZHAO D, NIE X, et al. The measurement of the density of the precipitated gamma particles during the aging process of the Mg-Al-Zn-Sn alloy [J]. J Chin Electr Microsc Soc,2012,31(2): 130-134.
[43] ZHOU J P, ZHAO D S, ZHENG O, et al. High-resolution electron microscopy observations of continuous precipitates with Pitsch-Schrader orientation relationship in an Mg-Al based alloy and interpretation with the O-lattice theory [J]. Micron,2009, 40(8): 906-910.
[44] ZHENG O, ZHOU J P, ZHAO D S, et al. The crystallography of continuous precipitates with a newly observed orientation relationship in an Mg-Al-based alloy [J]. Scr Mater,2009,60(9): 791-794.
[45] ZHENG O, MA J Y, WANG J B, et al. Three-dimensional size and orientation of the precipitates in AZ91 magnesium alloys measured by TEM techniques [J]. Chin Phys B,2009,18(10): 4370-4379.
[46] LI L, WANG J, WANG R, et al. Atomistic study on twinning of Cu2O quantum dots [J]. Appl Phys Lett,2006,89(11): 113109.
[47] WANG J, YANG W, WANG R. Atomic model of anti-phase boundaries in a face-centred icosahedral Zn-Mg-Dy quasicrystal [J]. J Phys: Condens Matter,2003,15(10): 1599-1611.
[48] LI M, CAO F, JIA S, et al. Synthesis of the manganese molybdate nanomaterials through electron beam irradiation [J]. J Chin Electr Microsc Soc,2017,36(4): 328-335.
[49] ZHAO P, CAO F, JIA S, et al. Phase transition of MoO3 nanobelts under external fields [J]. J Chin Electr Microsc Soc,2017, 36(5): 429-435.
[50] WEN G,ZHENG H, WANG K, et al. Orientation domains in a monoclinic Mg-Al-O phase [J]. J Appl Crystallogr,2018,51(3): 802-808.
[51] ZHUANG Y, YE L, ZHAO D, et al. Interfacial segregation and locally periodic clusters in an as-cast Mg-Co-Y alloy [J]. J Alloys Compd,2018,749: 972-977.
[52] 朱静,叶恒强,王仁卉,等. 高空间分辨分析电子显微学 [M]. 北京:科学出版社,1987.
[53] ZHU J, YE H Q, COWLEY J M. Effect of antiphase domain boundaries on microdiffraction computer simulation [J]. Ultramicroscopy,1985,18(1): 111-116.
[54] ZHU J, COWLEY J M. Microdiffraction from stacking faults and twin boundaries in fcc crystals [J]. J Appl Crystallogr,1983, 16(2): 171-175.
[55] ZHU J, COWLEY J M. Microdiffraction from antiphase domain boundaries in Cu3Au [J]. Acta Crystallogr,Sect A,1982,38(5): 718-724.
[56] ZHU J, COWLEY J M. Study of early-stage precipitation in Al-4%Cu by microdiffraction and stem [J]. Ultramicroscopy,1985, 18(1): 419-426.
[57] ZHU J, PENG L-M, COWLEY J M. Effects of the coherence of illumination on electron microdiffraction pattern intensities [J]. J. Electron Microsc Tech, 1987, 7(3): 177-183.
[58] ZHU J, DUAN X, LI D, et al. Applications of microdiffraction related to HREM [J]. Microsc Res Tech,1998,40(2): 122-135.
[59] ZHU J. Microdiffraction and analysis [J]. J Electron Microsc Tech,1987,7(4): 313-317.
[60] JIA S, SANG H, ZHANG W, et al. Ordered and twinned structure in hexagonal-based potassium tungsten bronze nanosheets [J]. J Appl Crystallogr,2013,46: 1817-1822.
[61] JIA S, ZHENG H, SANG H, et al. Self-assembly of KxWO3 nanowires into nanosheets by an oriented attachment mechanism [J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2013, 5(20): 10346-10351.
[62] LI L Y, JIANG F, TU F F, et al. Atomic-scale study of cation ordering in potassium tungsten bronze nanosheets [J]. Adv Sci,2017,4(9): 1600537.
[63] ZHANG W, JIA S, WANG J. The formation and TEM characterizations of the ordered KxWO3 twinned nanowires [J]. J Chin Electr Microsc Soc,2012, 31(4): 286-293.
[64] CAO F, JIA S F, ZHENG H, et al. Thermal-induced formation of domain structures in CuO nanomaterials [J]. Phys Rev Mater,2017, 1(5): 053401.
[65] CAO F, JIA S, LIU X, et al. Orientation domains in CuO nanowires [J]. J Chin Electr Microsc Soc,2017, 36(3): 214-221.
[66] WANG J B, LI L Y, LIU Z, et al. Nano-composite materials studied by CTEM and STEM[M]. In:Nanoscience and technology, Pts 1 and 2, BAI C,XIE S,ZHU X Eds, 2007(121/122/123):991-994.
[67] HAN W, LV Y, CAO F, et al. Synthesis and electron microscopy characterization of sodium tungsten bronzes [J]. J Chin Electr Microsc Soc, 2017, 36(4): 321-327.
[68] WU S, ZHENG H, JIA S, et al. Three-dimensional structures of magnesium nanopores [J]. Nanotechnology, 2016, 27(12): 125603.
[69] SHENG H, ZHENG H, CAO F, et al. Anelasticity of twinned CuO nanowires [J]. Nano Res, 2015, 8(11): 3687-3693.
[70] CAO F, ZHENG H, JIA S, et al. Atomistic observation of structural evolution during magnesium oxide growth [J]. J Phys Chem C, 2016, 120(47): 26873-26878.
[71] JIA S, HU S, ZHENG H, et al. Atomistic interface dynamics in Sn-catalyzed growth of wurtzite and zinc-blende ZnO nanowires [J]. Nano Lett, 2018, 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b00420.
[72] LIU H, CAO F, ZHENG H, et al. In situ observation of the sodiation process in CuO nanowires [J]. Chem Commun, 2015, 51(52): 10443-10446.
[73] ZHENG H, WU S, SHENG H, et al. Direct atomic-scale observation of layer-by-layer oxide growth during magnesium oxidation [J]. Appl Phys Lett,2014, 104(14): 141906.
[74] LIU C, WU S, ZHENG H, et al. Size-controllable fabrication of Cu nanoparticles on carbon nanotubes by simple heating [J]. Mater Res Bull, 2015, 61: 270-274.
[75] ZHENG H, WANG J, HUANG J Y, et al. Void-assisted plasticity in Ag nanowires with a single twin structure [J]. Nanoscale, 2014, 6(16): 9574-9578.
[76] WU S, SHENG H, LIU C, et al. Fabrication and healing of faceted nanopores in magnesium [J]. Microsc Microanal, 2014, 20(S3): 1640-1641.
[77] ZHENG H, LIU Y, CAO F, et al. Electron beam-assisted healing of nanopores in magnesium alloys [J]. Sci Rep, 2013, 3: 1920.
[78] WU S, CAO F, ZHENG H, et al. Fabrication of faceted nanopores in magnesium [J]. Appl Phys Lett, 2013, 103(24): 243101.
[79] ZHENG H, WANG J, HUANG J Y, et al. In situ visualization of birth and annihilation of grain boundaries in an Au Nanocrystal [J]. Phys Rev Lett, 2012, 109(22): 225501.
[80] ZHENG H, CAO A, WEINBERGER C R, et al. Discrete plasticity in sub-10-nm-sized gold crystals [J]. Nat Commun, 2010, 1(9): 144.
[81] ZHANG K, WANG J, LU X, et al. Structural evolution of hydrothermal-synthesized Ni(SO4)0.3(OH)1.4 nanobelts during ex situ heat treatment and in situ electron irradiation [J]. J Phys Chem C, 2009, 113(1): 142-147.
[82] LU X, ZHANG K, LI L, et al. TEM investigation of structural evolution of Ni(SO4)0.3(OH)1.4 nanobelts during ex-situ heat treatment and in-situ electron irradiation [J]. J Chin Electr Microsc Soc, 2008, 27(4): 275-281.
[83] ZHOU J P, ZHAO D S, WANG R H, et al. In situ observation of ageing process and new morphologies of continuous precipitates in AZ91 magnesium alloy [J]. Mater Lett, 2007, 61(25): 4707-4710.
[84] WANG J B, MA J Y, LU L, et al. Plastic deformation of fine-grained Al-Cu-Fe-(B) icosahedral poly-quasicrystals at elevated temperature [J]. Chin Phys Lett, 2007, 24(8): 2331-2334.
[85] WANG J, LI L, XIONG D, et al. High spatially resolved morphological, structural and spectroscopical studies on copper oxide nanocrystals [J]. Nanotechnology, 2007, 18(7): 075705.
[86] LIU H, ZHENG H, LI L, et al. Atomic-scale observation of a two-stage oxidation process in Cu2O [J]. Nano Res,2017, 10(7): 2344-2350.
[87] ZHENG H, WANG J, XU Z, et al. Intra-layer ordering and inter-layer disordering of the Li2MnO3 phase in Li1.07Mn1.93O4-δ cathode materials: electron diffraction investigation and DIFFaX simulation of X-ray diffraction patterns [J]. J Appl Crystallogr, 2014, 47: 879-886.
[88] DAI Z X, WANG R, XU Z, et al. New findings in phase transitions of spinel Li1.07Mn1.93O4-δ studied by transmission electron microscopy [J]. Micron,2005, 36(1): 47-54.
[89] XU Z L, WANG J B, QUAN X J, et al. Formation and distribution of tetragonal phases in the Li1+αMn2-αO4-δ at room temperature: direct evidence from a transmission electron microscopy study [J]. J Power Sources,2014, 248: 1201-1210.
[90] XU Z L, WANG J B, ZHANG K, et al. Nanoscale Lamellar Monoclinic Li2MnO3 Phase with Stacking Disordering in lithium-rich and oxygen-deficient Li1.07Mn1.93O4-δ cathode materials [J]. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces,2014, 6(2): 1219-1227.
[91] GUO C, SHENG H, MA Y, et al. Growth mechanism of titanium monoxide TiOx on a reduced calcium titanate CaTi2O4 surface [J]. J Appl Crystallogr,2015,48: 1889-1895.
[92] GUO C, JIA S, MENG W, et al. Orientation domains in vacancy-ordered titanium monoxide [J]. Acta Crystallogr, Sect B,2013, 69: 589-594.
[93] ZHAO L, ZHENG H, JIA S. Atomistic insight into the ordered defect superstructures at novel grain boundaries in CuO nanosheets: from structures to electronic properties [J]. 2018, To be submitted.
[94] LIU H, ZHENG H, LI L, et al. Surface-coating-mediated electrochemical performance in CuO nanowires during the sodiation-desodiation cycling [J]. Adv Mater Interfaces,2018, 5(4): 1701255.
[95] LIU H, JIA S, SHENG H, et al. Synthesis and electron microscopy characterization of CoO nanomaterial [J]. J Chin Electr Microsc Soc,2015(4): 281-285. # Co-first author * Corresponding author