紫色水稻土颗粒有机质对重金属的富集特征
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摘要
在重庆合川区和铜梁区随机采集了20个紫色水稻土,将其分成颗粒有机质(0.053~2 mm,POM)、砂粒(0.053~2mm)和细土(<0.053 mm)这3个组分,通过比较不同组分的有机碳及重金属(Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd)含量和分布状况,研究了紫色水稻土中POM对重金属的富集特征及其与土壤理化性质如pH、CEC、黏粒和土壤有机碳(SOC)等的关系.结果表明,采样区紫色水稻土的POM含量范围为7.31~44.76 g·kg~(-1),平均值为19.20 g·kg~(-1),有机碳含量为96.61~263.17 g·kg~(-1),平均值为151.34 g·kg~(-1),显著高于原土及其他组分,对土壤有机碳的贡献率为8.63%~48.62%,代表了一大部分土壤有机碳库.POM中的Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd平均富集系数分别为3.35、1.14、2.88和2.14,显著高于其他组分,表现出一定的富集作用,对上述重金属的贡献率分别为6.02%、2.22%、5.24%和3.21%,POM对Cu、Pb的富集能力和贡献率均显著大于Zn和Cd.相关分析结果表明,POM含量与SOC、pH、CEC、黏粒(<0.002 mm)呈显著或极显著正相关,SOC是主要因素.POM-C含量与总量分别与黏粒含量、SOC呈显著相关.POM中重金属总量与SOC、pH、POM-C总量呈显著或极显著正相关,SOC是最关键因子;与其他重金属相比,Zn在POM中的总量与土壤性质的回归系数最高,关系最为密切.
Twenty purple paddy soil samples were collected from the Prefectures of Hechuan and Tongliang,Chongqing,and sieved into particulate organic matter(0. 053-2 mm,POM),sand fraction(0. 053-2 mm) and fine soil fraction(< 0. 053 mm). By comparing the concentration and distribution of soil organic carbon(SOC) and heavy metals among different components,the enrichment characteristics of POM for heavy metals(Cu,Zn,Pb and Zn) and its relationship with soil properties such as pH,CEC,clay content(< 0. 002 mm) and SOC were investigated. The result showed that the contents of POM fraction in purple paddy soils ranged from 7. 31 to 44. 76 g·kg~(-1),with an average level of 19. 20 g·kg~(-1),while the carbon contents ranged from 96. 61 to 263. 17g·kg~(-1),which were significantly higher than those of their original soils and other two fractions. The contribution rates of organic carbon by POM to the total organic carbon of soils ranged from 8. 63% to 48. 62%,which accounted for a large pool of organic carbon.The average enrichment factors of POM fraction to Cu,Zn,Pb and Cd were 3. 35,1. 14,2. 88 and 2. 14,respectively. Compared with sand fraction and fine soil fraction,POM fraction showed a significantly higher contribution rate to heavy metals,which were 6. 02%,2. 22%,5. 24% and 3. 21%. In addition,the enrichment ability and contribution rate of POM to Cu and Pb were obviously greater than those of Zn and Cd. There was a significant positive correlation between content of POM fraction and soil properties such as SOC,pH,CEC and clay content,in which SOC was the key factor. The POM-C content and total amount were significantly correlated with SOC and clay content. The pH value,SOC and POM-C amount had a significant or extremely significant correlation with the amount of heavy metals in POM,in which SOC was the most critical one. Comparing with other heavy metals,the amount of zinc in POM had the highest regression coefficient and the closest relationship with soil properties.
Twenty purple paddy soil samples were collected from the Prefectures of Hechuan and Tongliang,Chongqing,and sieved into particulate organic matter(0. 053-2 mm,POM),sand fraction(0. 053-2 mm) and fine soil fraction(< 0. 053 mm). By comparing the concentration and distribution of soil organic carbon(SOC) and heavy metals among different components,the enrichment characteristics of POM for heavy metals(Cu,Zn,Pb and Zn) and its relationship with soil properties such as pH,CEC,clay content(< 0. 002 mm) and SOC were investigated. The result showed that the contents of POM fraction in purple paddy soils ranged from 7. 31 to 44. 76 g·kg~(-1),with an average level of 19. 20 g·kg~(-1),while the carbon contents ranged from 96. 61 to 263. 17g·kg~(-1),which were significantly higher than those of their original soils and other two fractions. The contribution rates of organic carbon by POM to the total organic carbon of soils ranged from 8. 63% to 48. 62%,which accounted for a large pool of organic carbon.The average enrichment factors of POM fraction to Cu,Zn,Pb and Cd were 3. 35,1. 14,2. 88 and 2. 14,respectively. Compared with sand fraction and fine soil fraction,POM fraction showed a significantly higher contribution rate to heavy metals,which were 6. 02%,2. 22%,5. 24% and 3. 21%. In addition,the enrichment ability and contribution rate of POM to Cu and Pb were obviously greater than those of Zn and Cd. There was a significant positive correlation between content of POM fraction and soil properties such as SOC,pH,CEC and clay content,in which SOC was the key factor. The POM-C content and total amount were significantly correlated with SOC and clay content. The pH value,SOC and POM-C amount had a significant or extremely significant correlation with the amount of heavy metals in POM,in which SOC was the most critical one. Comparing with other heavy metals,the amount of zinc in POM had the highest regression coefficient and the closest relationship with soil properties.
引文
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[2]Park J H,Lamb D,Paneerselvam P,et al.Role of organic amendments on enhanced bioremediation of heavy metal(loid)contaminated soils[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2011,185(2-3):549-574.
[3]Covelo E F,Vega F A,Andrade M L.Competitive sorption and desorption of heavy metals by individual soil components[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2007,140(1-2):308-315.
[4]Kirkham M B.Cadmium in plants on polluted soils:effects of soil factors,hyperaccumulation,and amendments[J].Geoderma,2006,137(1-2):19-32.
[5]Heredia W,Peirano P,Borie G,et al.Soil organic matter-metal interactions in Chilean volcanic soils under different agronomic management[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2002,33(13-14):2083-2099.
[6]Impellitteri C A,Lu Y F,Saxe J K,et al.Correlation of the partitioning of dissolved organic matter fractions with the desorption of Cd,Cu,Ni,Pb and Zn from 18 Dutch soils[J].Environment International,2002,28(5):401-410.
[7]孙花,谭长银,黄道友,等.土壤有机质对土壤重金属积累、有效性及形态的影响[J].湖南师范大学自然科学学报,2011,34(4):82-87.Sun H,Tan C Y,Huang D Y,et al.Effects of soil organic matter on the accumulation availability and chemical speciation of heavy metal[J].Journal of Natural Science of Hunan Normal University,2011,34(4):82-87.
[8]窦森,李凯,关松.土壤团聚体中有机质研究进展[J].土壤学报,2011,48(2):412-418.Dou S,Li K,Guan S.A review on organic matter in soil aggregates[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2011,48(2):412-418.
[9]Marriott E E,Wander M.Qualitative and quantitative differences in particulate organic matter fractions in organic and conventional farming systems[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2006,38(7):1527-1536.
[10]Gosling P,Parsons N,Bending G D.What are the primary factors controlling the light fraction and particulate soil organic matter content of agricultural soils?[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2013,49(8):1001-1014.
[11]Besnard E,Chenu C,Balesdent J,et al.Fate of particulate organic matter in soil aggregates during cultivation[J].European Journal of Soil Science,1996,47(4):495-503.
[12]Balabane M,van Oort F.Metal enrichment of particulate organic matter in arable soils with low metal contamination[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2002,34(10):1513-1516.
[13]章明奎.砂质土壤不同粒径颗粒中有机碳、养分和重金属状况[J].土壤学报,2006,43(4):584-591.Zhang M K.Distribution of organic carbon,nutrients and heavy metals in different size fractions in sandy soils[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2006,43(4):584-591.
[14]Zhao X L,Jiang T,Du B.Effect of organic matter and calcium carbonate on behaviors of cadmium adsorption-desorption on/from purple paddy soils[J].Chemosphere,2014,99:41-48.
[15]Balesdent J,Pétraud J P,Feller C.Some effects of ultrasonic vibrations on size-distribution of soil organic matter[J].Science du Sol,1991,29:95-106.
[16]杨剑虹,王成林,代亨林.土壤农化分析与环境监测[M].北京:中国大地出版社,2008.
[17]谢锦升,杨玉盛,陈光水,等.土壤颗粒有机质研究进展[J].亚热带资源与环境学报,2009,4(4):43-52.Xie J S,Yang Y S,Chen G S,et al.Advances on soil particulate organic matter[J].Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment,2009,4(4):43-52.
[18]李鉴霖,江长胜,郝庆菊.土地利用方式对缙云山土壤团聚体稳定性及其有机碳的影响[J].环境科学,2014,35(12):4695-4704.Li J L,Jiang C S,Hao Q J.Impact of land use type on stability and organic carbon of soil aggregates in Jinyun mountain[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(12):4695-4704.
[19]黄昌勇.土壤学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[20]郑顺安,郑向群,刘书田,等.再生水灌溉下紫色水稻土颗粒态有机质中重金属的富集特征[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(2):246-250.Zheng S A,Zheng X Q,Liu S T,et al.Heavy metals enrichment in particulate organic matter from reclaimed water irrigated purple paddy soil[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(2):246-250.
[21]Labanowski J,Sebastia J,Foy E,et al.Fate of metal-associated POM in a soil under arable land use contaminated by metallurgical fallout in northern France[J].Environmental Pollution,2007,149(1):59-69.
[22]中国科学院成都分院土壤研究室.中国紫色土[M].北京:科学出版社,1991.
[23]Zhang M K,Ke Z X.Copper and Zinc Enrichment in different size fractions of organic matter from polluted soils[J].Pedosphere,2004,14(1):27-36.
[24]史琼彬,赵秀兰,常同举,等.耕作方式对紫色水稻土团聚体中有机质及重金属的分布特征影响[J].环境科学,2016,37(5):1923-1930.Shi Q B,Zhao X L,Chang T J,et al.Effects of tillage on distribution of heavy metals and organic matter within purple paddy soil aggregates[J].Environmental Science,2016,37(5):1923-1930.
[25]唐晓红,邵景安,黄雪夏,等.垄作免耕下紫色水稻土有机碳的分布特征[J].土壤学报,2007,44(2):235-243.Tang X H,Shao J A,Huang X X,et al.Distribution of soil organic carbon in purple paddy field under long-term non-tillage ridge culture[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2007,44(2):235-243.
[26]贾明云,朱华铃,李航.光散射技术在土壤胶体颗粒相互作用研究中的应用[J].土壤学报,2010,47(2):253-261.Jia M Y,Zhu H L,Li H.Application of light scattering technology in study on interactions between soil colloidal particles in suspension[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2010,47(2):253-261.
[27]Christensen B T.Physical fractionation of soil and structural and functional complexity in organic matter turnover[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2001,52(3):345-353.
[28]张瑞,张贵龙,姬艳艳,等.不同施肥措施对土壤活性有机碳的影响[J].环境科学,2013,34(1):277-282.Zhang R,Zhang G L,Ji Y Y,et al.Effects of different fertilizer application on soil active organic carbon[J].Environmental Science,2013,34(1):277-282.
[29]章明奎,郑顺安,王丽平.土壤中颗粒状有机质对重金属的吸附作用[J].土壤通报,2007,38(6):1100-1104.Zhang M K,Zheng S A,Wang L P.Adsorption of heavy metals by soil particulate organic matter[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2007,38(6):1100-1104.
[30]Guo X Y,Zhang S Z,Shan X Q,et al.Characterization of Pb,Cu,and Cd adsorption on particulate organic matter in soil[J].Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2006,25(9):2366-2373.
[31]Sebastia J,van Oort F,Lamy I.Buffer capacity and Cu affinity of soil particulate organic matter(POM)size fractions[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2008,59(2):304-314.
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