离岸式振荡水柱波能装置的理论及数值研究
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摘要
基于势流理论,利用匹配特征函数展开法,求解微幅波与离岸式振荡水柱(OWC)波能转换装置相互作用的边界值问题.借助FLUENT软件及其用户自定义函数(UDF),建立二维完全非线性波-OWC装置数值模型.从理论和数值上分析OWC装置吃水深度、气室宽度以及墙体厚度对波能转换效率的影响,解析解和数值结果吻合较好.依靠数值模型,模拟波高变化对OWC装置工作效率的影响.研究表明:OWC装置吃水深度的增加会导致高效频率带宽变窄,峰值向低频区移动;墙体厚度的增加会导致高频区波能转换效率下降,但对低频区影响较小;气室宽度的增大会导致高效频率带宽变宽,峰值向低频区移动;波高的增大会导致波能转换效率下降,在共振频率附近尤为明显.
The boundary value problem of the interaction between the small amplitude wave and the off-shore oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy devices was solved by means of the matched eigenfunction expansion method based on the potential flow theory. A two-dimensional fully nonlinear wave-OWC numerical model was established by employing the FLUENT software and its associated user-defined function (UDF). The effects of the immersion depth, the width of the chamber, and the thickness of walls on the energy conversion efficiency were examined both in theoretical and numerical manners, and the comparison of the results of these two manners showed a good agreement. The performances of the OWC devices influenced by the incident wave amplitudes were investigated with the help of the numerical model. Results showed that the bandwidth of highly-efficient frequencies narrowed with the increase of the immersion depth, and the peak shifted to the low frequency region. The increase of walls' thickness resulted in the decrease of energy conversion efficiency in the high frequency region, while having little effect on the low frequency region. The bandwidth of highly-efficient frequencies widened with the increase of the chamber width, and the peak shifted to the low frequency region. In addition, the increase of the incident wave amplitude caused the decrease of the energy conversion efficiency, especially near the resonant frequency.
The boundary value problem of the interaction between the small amplitude wave and the off-shore oscillating water column (OWC) wave energy devices was solved by means of the matched eigenfunction expansion method based on the potential flow theory. A two-dimensional fully nonlinear wave-OWC numerical model was established by employing the FLUENT software and its associated user-defined function (UDF). The effects of the immersion depth, the width of the chamber, and the thickness of walls on the energy conversion efficiency were examined both in theoretical and numerical manners, and the comparison of the results of these two manners showed a good agreement. The performances of the OWC devices influenced by the incident wave amplitudes were investigated with the help of the numerical model. Results showed that the bandwidth of highly-efficient frequencies narrowed with the increase of the immersion depth, and the peak shifted to the low frequency region. The increase of walls' thickness resulted in the decrease of energy conversion efficiency in the high frequency region, while having little effect on the low frequency region. The bandwidth of highly-efficient frequencies widened with the increase of the chamber width, and the peak shifted to the low frequency region. In addition, the increase of the incident wave amplitude caused the decrease of the energy conversion efficiency, especially near the resonant frequency.
引文
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[18]SARMENTO A J N A,DE O FALCA A F.Wave generation by an oscillating surface-pressure and its application in wave-energy extraction[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1985,150:467-485.
[19]乔方利.中国区域海洋学:物理海洋学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2012:389-397.
[20]LUO Y,WANG Z,PENG G,et al.Numerical simulation of a heave-only floating OWC(oscillating water column)device[J].Energy,2014,76:799-806.
[21]ELHANAFI A,FLEMING A,MACFARLANE G,et al.Numerical energy balance analysis for an onshore oscillating water column-wave energy converter[J].Energy,2016,116(1):539-557.
[2]EVANS D V.The oscillating water column waveenergy device[J].IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics,1978,22(4):423-433.
[3]FALNES J.Radiation impedance matrix and optimum power absorption for interacting oscillators in surface waves[J].Applied Ocean Research,1980,2(2):75-80.
[4]EVANS D V.Wave-power absorption by systems of oscillating surface pressure distributions[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1982,114(1):481-499.
[5]EVANS D V,PORTER R.Hydrodynamic characteristics of an oscillating water column device[J].Applied Ocean Research,1995,17(3):155-164.
[6]AMBLI N,BONKE K,MALMO O,et al.The Kvaerner multi resonant OWC[C]//Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Wave Energy Utilization.Norway:[s.n.],1982:275-295.
[7]梁贤光,孙培亚,游亚戈.汕尾100 kW波力电站气室模型性能试验[J].海洋工程,2003,21(1):113-116.LIANG Xian-guang,SUN Pei-ya,YOU Ya-ge.Performance experiment of Shanwei 100 kW wave power station’s air-room[J].The Ocean Engineering,2003,21(1):113-116.
[8]史宏达,杨国华,刘臻,等.新型沉箱防波堤兼作岸式OWC波能装置的设计及稳定性研究[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2010,40(9):142-146.SHI Hong-da,YANG Guo-hua,LIU Zhen,et al.Study on new caisson breakwater as OWC[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2010,40(9):142-146.
[9]史宏达,焦建辉,刘臻,等.不规则波作用下OWC沉箱气室捕能效果研究[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2012,42(增1):147-154.SHI Hong-da,JIAO Jian-hui,LIU Zhen,et al.Study on capture effect of air chamber of caisson breakwater as OWC under irregular waves[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2012,42(Suppl.1):147-154.
[10]YOU Y.Hydrodynamic analysis on wave power devices in near-shore zones[J].Journal of Hydrodynamic,Series B,1993,5(3):42-54.
[11]史宏达,李海锋,刘臻.基于VOF模型的OWC气室波浪场数值分析[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2009,39(3):526-530.SHI Hong-da,LI Hai-feng,LIU Zhen.Numerical analysis of wave field in OWC chamber using VOFmodel[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2009,39(3):526-530.
[12]宁德志,石进,滕斌,等.岸式振荡水柱波能转换装置的数值模拟[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报,2014(7):789-794.NING De-zhi,SHI Jin,TENG Bin,et al.Numerical simulation of a land-based oscillating water column wave energy conversion device[J].Journal of Harbin Engineering University,2014(7):789-794.
[13]NING D Z,SHI J,ZOU Q P,et al.Investigation of hydrodynamic performance of an OWC(oscillating water column)wave energy device using a fully nonlinear HOBEM(higher-order boundary element method)[J].Energy,2015,83:177-188.
[14]KAMATH A,BIHS H,ARNTSEN?A.Numerical modeling of power take-off damping in an oscillating water column device[J].International Journal of Marine Energy,2015,10:1-16.
[15]LUO Y,NADER JR,COOPER P,et al.Nonlinear 2Danalysis of the efficiency of fixed oscillating water column wave energy converters[J].Renewable Energy,2014,64(2):255-265.
[16]WANG R,NING D,ZHANG C,et al.Nonlinear and viscous effects on the hydrodynamic performance of a fixed OWC wave energy converter[J].Coastal Engineering,2018,131:42-50.
[17]DENG Z,HUANG Z,LAW A W K.Wave power extraction by an axisymmetric oscillating-watercolumn converter supported by a coaxial tubesector-shaped structure[J].Applied Ocean Research,2013,42(4):114-123.
[18]SARMENTO A J N A,DE O FALCA A F.Wave generation by an oscillating surface-pressure and its application in wave-energy extraction[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1985,150:467-485.
[19]乔方利.中国区域海洋学:物理海洋学[M].北京:海洋出版社,2012:389-397.
[20]LUO Y,WANG Z,PENG G,et al.Numerical simulation of a heave-only floating OWC(oscillating water column)device[J].Energy,2014,76:799-806.
[21]ELHANAFI A,FLEMING A,MACFARLANE G,et al.Numerical energy balance analysis for an onshore oscillating water column-wave energy converter[J].Energy,2016,116(1):539-557.