长沙规模化养猪场粪污主要养分含量特征及土地承载力
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摘要
为推进畜禽粪污的资源化利用,对长沙市的粪污产生量进行了估算,分析了该地区规模化养猪场的鲜粪、沼液和污水样品中主要养分含量,并对耕地的氮磷负荷和畜禽承载量进行了估算。结果表明:长沙地区2017年猪粪污总产生量为4.92×10~6 t。粪便氮、磷(P_2O_5)、钾(K_2O)含量范围分别为0.495%～5.01%、0.135%～9.69%和0.25%～3.91%,平均含量磷(P_2O_5)>氮>钾(K_2O);粪便有机质含量丰富,平均为82.53%;沼液和污水的养分含量呈现变化范围广、变异度大的特征,沼液氮、磷(P_2O_5)、钾(K_2O)平均值分别为0.89、0.37、0.7 g/L,有机质含量平均为4.22 g/L;污水养分检出率为71.43%～90.48%;单位耕地面积的氮、磷负荷量分别为61.93、86.54 kg/hm2,耕地畜禽承载量约为830万猪当量。研究结果可为养殖结构的调整和畜禽粪污的肥料化利用提供支撑。
In order to promote the resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure, the output of piggery waste was estimated in Changsha area. Further, the major nutrient contents in fresh manure, biogas slurry and wastewater from large-scale piggery in this area were analyzed, as well as the nitrogen and phosphorus loading and animal carrying capacity of farmland were calculated. The results indicated that the total output of piggery wastes in Changsha area was 4.92×106 t in 2017. The content of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P_2O_5)and potassium(K_2O) in pig manure was 0.495%～5.01%, 0.135%～9.69% and 0.25%～3.91%, respectively, beside, the average content was P_2O_5> N> K_2O. A high content of organic matters in pig manure was averagely at 82.53%. The nutrient contents in biogas slurry and wastewater showed an extensive variation scope and high variability. The average content of N, P_2O_5, K_2O and organic matter in biogas slurry was 0.89, 0.37, 0.7 and 4.22 g/L, respectively. The detection rate of N, P_2O_5, K_2O and organic matter in wastewater was71.43%～90.48%. The N and P loading for unit arable land area was 61.93 and 86.54 kg/hm~2, respectively. The animal carrying capacity of farmland in this area was about 8.3 million pig equivalent. These results can provide basic information for optimization of livestock structure and fertilization usage of livestock and poultry wastes.
In order to promote the resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure, the output of piggery waste was estimated in Changsha area. Further, the major nutrient contents in fresh manure, biogas slurry and wastewater from large-scale piggery in this area were analyzed, as well as the nitrogen and phosphorus loading and animal carrying capacity of farmland were calculated. The results indicated that the total output of piggery wastes in Changsha area was 4.92×106 t in 2017. The content of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P_2O_5)and potassium(K_2O) in pig manure was 0.495%～5.01%, 0.135%～9.69% and 0.25%～3.91%, respectively, beside, the average content was P_2O_5> N> K_2O. A high content of organic matters in pig manure was averagely at 82.53%. The nutrient contents in biogas slurry and wastewater showed an extensive variation scope and high variability. The average content of N, P_2O_5, K_2O and organic matter in biogas slurry was 0.89, 0.37, 0.7 and 4.22 g/L, respectively. The detection rate of N, P_2O_5, K_2O and organic matter in wastewater was71.43%～90.48%. The N and P loading for unit arable land area was 61.93 and 86.54 kg/hm~2, respectively. The animal carrying capacity of farmland in this area was about 8.3 million pig equivalent. These results can provide basic information for optimization of livestock structure and fertilization usage of livestock and poultry wastes.
引文
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[24]Oenema O,van Liere L,Plette S,et al.Environmental effects of manure policy options in The Netherlands[J].Water Science and Technology,2004,49(3):101-108.
[2]徐明岗,李冬初,李菊梅,等.化肥有机肥配施对水稻养分吸收和产量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(10):3133-3139.
[3]Liu E K,Yan C R,Mei X R,et al.Long-term effect of chemical fertilizer,straw,and manure on soil chemical and biological properties in northwest China[J].Geoderma,2010,158(3/4):173-180.
[4]李永平,史向远,周静,等.不同畜禽粪肥对土壤培肥及玉米增产效应的影响[J].山西农业科学,2013,41(6):590-593.
[5]陈霞,罗友进,吴纯清,等.沼肥深施对果园土壤性质及柑橘产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(5):177-183,189.
[6]耿维,胡林,崔建宇,等.中国区域畜禽粪便能源潜力及总量控制研究[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(1):171-179.
[7]湖南省统计局.湖南统计年鉴(2017)[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.
[8]湖南省统计局.湖南统计年鉴(2018)[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2018.
[9]国家环境保护总局自然生态保护司.全国规模化畜禽养殖业污染情况调查及防治对策[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[10]王成贤,石德智,沈超峰,等.畜禽粪便污染负荷及风险评估--以杭州市为例[J].环境科学学报,2011,31(11):2562-2569.
[11]黎运红.畜禽粪便资源化利用潜力研究[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2015.
[12]长沙市统计局,国家统计局长沙调查队.长沙统计年鉴-2017[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.
[13]农业部信息中心.畜禽粪污土地承载力测算技术指南[J].甘肃畜牧兽医,2018,48(1):18-20.
[14]胡瑞芝,王书伟,林静慧,等.湖南省典型农田土壤养分现状及近30年变化趋势[J].土壤,2013,45(4):585-590.
[15]易湘琳,宋李思莹,李汪晟,等.不同有机肥占比率下的湖南省畜禽养殖承载力研究[J].现代农业,2015(11):86-89.
[16]廖青,韦广泼,江泽普,等.畜禽粪便资源化利用研究进展[J].南方农业学报,2013,44(2):338-343.
[17]李书田,刘荣乐,陕红,等.我国主要畜禽粪便养分含量及变化分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(1):179-184.
[18]Loyon L,Guiziou F,Beline F,et al.Gaseous Emissions(NH3,N2O,CH4and CO2)from the aerobic treatment of piggery slurry-Comparison with a conventional storage system[J].Biosystems Engineering,2007,97(4):472-480.
[19]薛文涛,林聪,孙钦平,等.不同发酵原料沼液的氨挥发特性研究[J].可再生能源,2016,34(5):780-785.
[20]赵君怡,刘鸣达,张克强,等.畜禽养殖废水灌溉对地下水影响的研究进展[J].节水灌溉,2010(12):13-15.
[21]Aissa-Grouz N,Garnier J,Billen G.Long trend reduction of phosphorus wastewater loading in the Seine:Determination of phosphorus speciation and sorption for modeling algal growth[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2018,25(24):23515-23528.
[22]马德云.江苏省畜禽粪便污染及其防治途径[D].南京:南京农业大学,2005.
[23]朱兆良.农田中氮肥的损失与对策[J].土壤与环境,2000,9(1)1-6.
[24]Oenema O,van Liere L,Plette S,et al.Environmental effects of manure policy options in The Netherlands[J].Water Science and Technology,2004,49(3):101-108.
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