双孢菇渣堆肥基质对夏季草莓生长及光合特性的影响
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摘要
为探讨双孢菇渣堆肥基质对夏季草莓生长及光合特性的影响,将双孢菇渣堆肥、草炭和珍珠岩按不同体积比配制成5种配方基质:T1处理(1∶1∶1)、T2处理(2∶1∶1)、T3处理(1∶2∶1)、T4处理(2∶0∶1)、T5处理(1∶0∶2),以V(草炭)∶V(珍珠岩)=2∶1为对照(CK),通过测定与分析草莓的生长状况和光合生理特性,筛选适合夏季草莓生长的基质配方。结果表明:T3处理草莓株高除在7月11日和7月31日2个生长时期低于T1外,其他生长时期株高从高到低依次均为T3>T1>T2>T4>CK>T5;T3和T1处理相比其他处理更有利于叶柄的伸长和叶面积的增加,且T3优于T1;在5个生长时期,相比其他处理,T5处理在增加草莓植株的株高、叶柄长、叶柄粗和叶面积方面效果较差。除T2的净光合速率比CK高外,不同配方基质初果期草莓的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO_2浓度均低于CK;气孔限制值均高于CK。T1处理净光合速率和气孔导度极显著低于CK(P<0.01),蒸腾速率显著低于CK(P<0.05),T4处理的蒸腾速率显著低于CK(P<0.05)、气孔限制值极显著高于CK(P<0.01),说明T1和T4处理相比CK,显著改变了植株光合作用的某些相关因素。综上,双孢菇渣堆肥基质能促进草莓的生长,其中以T3处理的栽培效果较好。
In order to explore the effects of composted substrates of Agaricus bisporus residue on growth and photosynthetic characteristic of strawberry in summer,five formulated substrates were prepared by utilizing composted Agaricus bisporus residue,peat and perlite according to different volume ratios: T1[V(Agaricus bisporus residue)∶V(peat)∶V(perlite)=1∶1∶1),T2(2∶1∶1),T3(1∶2∶1),T4(2∶0∶1),T5(1∶0∶2),their effects on the growth and photosynthetic characteristic of strawberry were studied with V(peat)∶V(perlite)=2∶1 as CK,and the substrate formula suitable for the growth of strawberry in summer was screened.The results showed that except that the plant height of strawberry treated with T3 was lower than that of T1 at the two growth stages on July 11 and 31,the order of plant height at other growth stages was T3>T1>T2>T4>CK>T5.Compared with other treatments,T3 and T1 treatments were more conducive to petiole elongation and leaf area increase,and T3 treatment was better than T1 treatment.Compared with other treatments,T5 treatments had less effect in increasing plant height,petiole length,petiole diameter and leaf area of strawberry plants in five growth stages.The net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance and intercellular CO_2 concentration of strawberry at the initial fruit stage in different formulation matrices were lower than CK excpet the net photosynthetic rate of T2 higher than CK,while stomatal limitation values were higher than CK.The net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of T1 treatment were significantly lower than CK(P<0.01),and transpiration rate was significantly lower than CK(P<0.05).The transpiration rate of T4 treatment was significantly lower than that of CK(P<0.05),stomatal limitation values were significantly higher than CK(P<0.01).It was deduced that compared with CK,T1 and T4 treatment significantly affected the related factors of plant photosynthesis.In conclusion,the composted matrix of Agaricus bisporus residue can promote the growth of strawberry,and T3 treatment has optimum formula.
In order to explore the effects of composted substrates of Agaricus bisporus residue on growth and photosynthetic characteristic of strawberry in summer,five formulated substrates were prepared by utilizing composted Agaricus bisporus residue,peat and perlite according to different volume ratios: T1[V(Agaricus bisporus residue)∶V(peat)∶V(perlite)=1∶1∶1),T2(2∶1∶1),T3(1∶2∶1),T4(2∶0∶1),T5(1∶0∶2),their effects on the growth and photosynthetic characteristic of strawberry were studied with V(peat)∶V(perlite)=2∶1 as CK,and the substrate formula suitable for the growth of strawberry in summer was screened.The results showed that except that the plant height of strawberry treated with T3 was lower than that of T1 at the two growth stages on July 11 and 31,the order of plant height at other growth stages was T3>T1>T2>T4>CK>T5.Compared with other treatments,T3 and T1 treatments were more conducive to petiole elongation and leaf area increase,and T3 treatment was better than T1 treatment.Compared with other treatments,T5 treatments had less effect in increasing plant height,petiole length,petiole diameter and leaf area of strawberry plants in five growth stages.The net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance and intercellular CO_2 concentration of strawberry at the initial fruit stage in different formulation matrices were lower than CK excpet the net photosynthetic rate of T2 higher than CK,while stomatal limitation values were higher than CK.The net photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of T1 treatment were significantly lower than CK(P<0.01),and transpiration rate was significantly lower than CK(P<0.05).The transpiration rate of T4 treatment was significantly lower than that of CK(P<0.05),stomatal limitation values were significantly higher than CK(P<0.01).It was deduced that compared with CK,T1 and T4 treatment significantly affected the related factors of plant photosynthesis.In conclusion,the composted matrix of Agaricus bisporus residue can promote the growth of strawberry,and T3 treatment has optimum formula.
引文
[1] 张雯丽.中国草莓产业发展现状与前景思考[J].农业展望,2012,8(2):30-33.
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[5] 田小霞,毛培春,孟林.不同基质配方对盆栽罗勒生长的影响[J].西北农业学报,2012,21(11):173-179.
[6] 李晓丽,宋晓飞,孙成振,等.中药渣、鸡粪替代草炭配制黄瓜育苗基质的比例筛选[J].河北科技师范学院学报,2016,30(3):21-25.
[7] 赵祖,松颖,郑志安,等.我国食用菌生产布局变迁及影响因素分析[J].北方园艺,2018(20):174-184.
[8] WEVER G,VANDER B,STRAATSMA G.Potential of adapted mushroom compost as a growing medium in horticulture[J].Acta Horticulturae,2005,697:171-177.
[9] 魏启舜,赵荷娟,周影,等.不同配比菇渣基质对草莓植株营养生长的影响[J].天津农业科学,2017,23(5):97-101.
[10] 李美英,高永,汪季,等.污泥堆肥对矿区复垦土壤栽培基质保水能力的影响[J].水土保持通报,2009,29(5):102-104.
[11] 赵荷娟,魏启舜,王琳,等.双孢蘑菇菌糠基质对架式栽培草莓生长和果实品质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(4):120-121.
[12] 齐慧霞.不同基质条件对草莓生长和结果的影响[J].北方园艺,2002(6):58-59.
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[14] 张辉明,姜永平,朱加平.不同生态型栽培基质配比对草莓生产的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2015(1):69-70.
[15] 樊金山,谢正林,贾君,等.杏鲍菇菌渣的复合基质对草莓品质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(16):114-116.
[16] 唐梁楠,杨秀缓.草莓优质高产新技术[M].北京:金盾出版社,1996:130-133.
[17] 李颖,韩莹琰,郝敬虹,等.香菇菇渣混配基质对草莓幼苗生长和光合作用的影响[J].北京农学院学报,2017,32(4):56-60.
[18] 赵永彬,江景勇,卢秀友.不同栽培基质对草莓生长及果实品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2012(13):30-31.
[19] 时连辉,张志国,刘登民,等.菇渣和泥炭基质理化特性比较及其调节[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(4):199-203.
[20] 马义胜.不同农业废弃物复配基质对草莓生长、产量和品质的影响[D].杭州:浙江农林大学,2018.
[21] 潘瑞炽.植物生理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004:56-57.
[22] ANDG D F,SHARKEY T D.Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis[J].Annual Reviews of Plant Physiology,2003,33:317-345.
[23] 许大全.光合作用气孔限制分析中的一些问题[J].植物生理学通讯,1997,33(4):241-244.
[24] FARQUHAR G D,SHARKEY T D.Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis[J].Annual Review of Plant Physiology,1982,33:317-345.
[2] MESZK A B,MALUSA E.Effects of soil disinfection on health status,growth and yield of strawberry stock plants[J].Crop Protection,2014,63:113-119.
[3] 王娟.草莓无土栽培适宜品种与栽培基质筛选评价[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2014.
[4] ATIYEH R M,EDWARDS C A,SUBLER S,et al.Pig manure vermicompost as a component of a horticultural bedding plant medium:Effects on physicochemical properties and plant growth[J].Bioresource Technology,2001,78(1):11-20.
[5] 田小霞,毛培春,孟林.不同基质配方对盆栽罗勒生长的影响[J].西北农业学报,2012,21(11):173-179.
[6] 李晓丽,宋晓飞,孙成振,等.中药渣、鸡粪替代草炭配制黄瓜育苗基质的比例筛选[J].河北科技师范学院学报,2016,30(3):21-25.
[7] 赵祖,松颖,郑志安,等.我国食用菌生产布局变迁及影响因素分析[J].北方园艺,2018(20):174-184.
[8] WEVER G,VANDER B,STRAATSMA G.Potential of adapted mushroom compost as a growing medium in horticulture[J].Acta Horticulturae,2005,697:171-177.
[9] 魏启舜,赵荷娟,周影,等.不同配比菇渣基质对草莓植株营养生长的影响[J].天津农业科学,2017,23(5):97-101.
[10] 李美英,高永,汪季,等.污泥堆肥对矿区复垦土壤栽培基质保水能力的影响[J].水土保持通报,2009,29(5):102-104.
[11] 赵荷娟,魏启舜,王琳,等.双孢蘑菇菌糠基质对架式栽培草莓生长和果实品质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2014,42(4):120-121.
[12] 齐慧霞.不同基质条件对草莓生长和结果的影响[J].北方园艺,2002(6):58-59.
[13] 张全军.草莓基质栽培研究[D].成都:四川农业大学,2002.
[14] 张辉明,姜永平,朱加平.不同生态型栽培基质配比对草莓生产的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2015(1):69-70.
[15] 樊金山,谢正林,贾君,等.杏鲍菇菌渣的复合基质对草莓品质的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(16):114-116.
[16] 唐梁楠,杨秀缓.草莓优质高产新技术[M].北京:金盾出版社,1996:130-133.
[17] 李颖,韩莹琰,郝敬虹,等.香菇菇渣混配基质对草莓幼苗生长和光合作用的影响[J].北京农学院学报,2017,32(4):56-60.
[18] 赵永彬,江景勇,卢秀友.不同栽培基质对草莓生长及果实品质的影响[J].北方园艺,2012(13):30-31.
[19] 时连辉,张志国,刘登民,等.菇渣和泥炭基质理化特性比较及其调节[J].农业工程学报,2008,24(4):199-203.
[20] 马义胜.不同农业废弃物复配基质对草莓生长、产量和品质的影响[D].杭州:浙江农林大学,2018.
[21] 潘瑞炽.植物生理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004:56-57.
[22] ANDG D F,SHARKEY T D.Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis[J].Annual Reviews of Plant Physiology,2003,33:317-345.
[23] 许大全.光合作用气孔限制分析中的一些问题[J].植物生理学通讯,1997,33(4):241-244.
[24] FARQUHAR G D,SHARKEY T D.Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis[J].Annual Review of Plant Physiology,1982,33:317-345.
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