六自由度振动台台体结构优化设计研究
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摘要
在应用六自由度振动台进行高频振动测试试验时,若台体结构被激发产生共振,则会影响测试结果的准确性。为保证台体的共振频率在工作频带之外,同时使台体重量更轻,文章提出基于二级多点逼近算法的六自由度振动台台体结构优化方法。首先建立台体结构的有限元模型,并根据实际应用工况确定台体连接面法向位移约束的边界条件,以壳、梁单元的截面尺寸和外形半径大小为设计变量,建立以台体结构一阶固有频率和静强度为约束、质量最小为目标的模型。然后,利用二级多点逼近算法对模型进行尺寸优化,并以人机交互的方式实现外形半径的优化,得到满足约束条件的优化解。最后依据优化结果设计与制造出台体结构,并完成台体样机。该台体结构实现了轻量化设计要求并应用于振动试验,验证了该结构优化方法的有效性。
When a shaker of six degrees of freedom(6-DOF) is applied in a high frequency vibration test, the table of the shaker might easily be in the state of resonance, which will greatly influence the accuracy of the test results. To make the first-order natural frequency of the 6-DOF shaker's table higher than the working frequency and reduce its mass, an optimization approach for the table based on the two-level multi-point approximation method is proposed. Firstly, the finite element model of the table is established, including the boundary conditions according to the actual working situation. Then, the structure model's shell and beam properties and the radius of the shape are taken as the design variables, with the constraint of the first-order natural frequency and the static strength, a structure optimization model is established to minimize the mass. In the optimum solution, the two-level multi-point approximation method and the man-machine interactive method are, respectively, adopted in the size and shape optimizations. Based on the results after optimization, a prototype including the table structure is designed and manufactured. The structure can meet the lightweight design requirement and is used in the vibration test, thus this optimization approach is validated.
When a shaker of six degrees of freedom(6-DOF) is applied in a high frequency vibration test, the table of the shaker might easily be in the state of resonance, which will greatly influence the accuracy of the test results. To make the first-order natural frequency of the 6-DOF shaker's table higher than the working frequency and reduce its mass, an optimization approach for the table based on the two-level multi-point approximation method is proposed. Firstly, the finite element model of the table is established, including the boundary conditions according to the actual working situation. Then, the structure model's shell and beam properties and the radius of the shape are taken as the design variables, with the constraint of the first-order natural frequency and the static strength, a structure optimization model is established to minimize the mass. In the optimum solution, the two-level multi-point approximation method and the man-machine interactive method are, respectively, adopted in the size and shape optimizations. Based on the results after optimization, a prototype including the table structure is designed and manufactured. The structure can meet the lightweight design requirement and is used in the vibration test, thus this optimization approach is validated.
引文
[1]韩俊伟,张连朋.多自由度振动台的发展与控制技术[J].液压与气动,2014(1):1-6Han Junwei,Zhang Lianpeng.The development and control technology of multi-Do F shaker[J].Chinese Hydraulics&Pneumatics,2014(1):1-6
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[15]曾元松,黄遐.大型整体壁板成形技术[J].航空学报,2008,29(3):721-727Zeng Yuansong,Huang Xia.Forming technologies of large integral panel[J].Acta Aeronautica ET Astronautica Sinica,2008,29(3):721-727
[16]周志成,曲广吉,黄海.某卫星平台多结构工况下的优化设计[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2009,35(7):821-823Zhou Zhicheng,Qu Guangji,Huang Hai.Design optimization of a satellite platform considering multiple structural cases[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2009,35(7):821-823
[17]黄海,夏人伟.复杂结构优化设计的二级多点逼近方法[J].航空学报,1994,15(7):780-786Huang Hai,Xia Renwei.Two-level multi-point approximating method for optimal design of complicated structures[J].Acta Aeronautica ET Astronautica Sinica,1994,15(7):780-786
[18]袁家军,陈珅艳,黄海,等.基于Patran/Nastran的结构优化系统的工程应用[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2006,32(2):125-129Yuan Jiajun,Chen Shenyan,Huang Hai,et al.Engineering applications of structural optimization system based on Patran/Nastran[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2006,32(2):125-129
[2]Clark A J.Dynamic characteristics of large multiple degree of freedom shaking tables[C]//Proceedings of the Tenth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Madrid,Spain,1992:2823-2828
[3]陈晓利,盛美萍.多加筋圆柱壳体振动特性的导纳法研究[J].振动与冲击,2007,26(4):133-135Chen Xiaoli,Sheng Meiping.Vibrational characteristics of a multi-beam-stiffened cylinder shell by mobility analysis[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2007,26(4):133-135
[4]Forsberg K.Influence of boundary conditions on the modal characteristics of thin cylindrical shells[J].AIAA Journal,1964,2(12):2150-2157
[5]陈良.多轴振动试验台结构设计与分析[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2010:15-19
[6]许益明.基于六维加速度传感器的六维冗余振动台技术研究[D].上海:上海交通大学,2009:40-44
[7]乔涛.冗余驱动振动台内力分析与控制[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2008:30-33
[8]王东升,刘青林,张志旭,等.多轴振动台台面频率优化[J].航天器环境工程,2008,25(4):351-354Wang Dongsheng,Liu Qinglin,Zhang Zhixu,et al.Frequency optimization of multi axis shaker’s table[J].Spacecraft Environment Engineering,2008,25(4):351-354
[9]Popovitch A,Piret G,Decobert F.New QUAD multishaker at ESA-ESTEC[C]//Proceedings of the 24thAerospace Testing Seminar 2008.California,USA,2008:235-246
[10]苏嵩,陈红光,郁林聪.高频电液振动台用台面的性能分析及优化设计[J].液压与气动,2009(2):19-21Su Song,Chen Hongguang,Yu Lincong.Design optimization and characteristic analysis of high frequency electro-hydraulic vibration generator[J].Chinese Hydraulics&Pneumatics,2009(2):19-21
[11]夏天凉,王金娥,卢华强,等.电动振动台附加台面的结构分析及其优化设计[J].苏州大学学报:工科版,2011,31(3):49-54Xia Tianliang,Wang Jin’e,Lu Huaqiang,et al.Structural analysis and optimal design of electrodynamic vibrator appending table[J].Journal of Soochow University:Engineering Science Edition,2011,31(3):49-54
[12]周兴华.共振式重载液压振动台结构优化及模型控制研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2014:53-67
[13]Huang H,Xia R W.Two-level multipoint constraint approximation concept for structural optimization[J].Structural Optimization,1995,9(1):38-45
[14]夏禹,黄海.Hexapod平台参数设计优化[J].航空学报,2008,29(5):1168-1173Xia Yu,Huang Hai.Design optimization for Hexapod platform parameters[J].Acta Aeronautica ET Astronautica Sinica,2008,29(5):1168-1173
[15]曾元松,黄遐.大型整体壁板成形技术[J].航空学报,2008,29(3):721-727Zeng Yuansong,Huang Xia.Forming technologies of large integral panel[J].Acta Aeronautica ET Astronautica Sinica,2008,29(3):721-727
[16]周志成,曲广吉,黄海.某卫星平台多结构工况下的优化设计[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2009,35(7):821-823Zhou Zhicheng,Qu Guangji,Huang Hai.Design optimization of a satellite platform considering multiple structural cases[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2009,35(7):821-823
[17]黄海,夏人伟.复杂结构优化设计的二级多点逼近方法[J].航空学报,1994,15(7):780-786Huang Hai,Xia Renwei.Two-level multi-point approximating method for optimal design of complicated structures[J].Acta Aeronautica ET Astronautica Sinica,1994,15(7):780-786
[18]袁家军,陈珅艳,黄海,等.基于Patran/Nastran的结构优化系统的工程应用[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2006,32(2):125-129Yuan Jiajun,Chen Shenyan,Huang Hai,et al.Engineering applications of structural optimization system based on Patran/Nastran[J].Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,2006,32(2):125-129