地质对象表面模型的矢量缓冲区分析算法及其在矿产资源定量评价中的应用
|
摘要
基于GIS的三维隐伏矿体成矿预测是矿产预测评价领域研究的热点问题,而构建三维数字矿床模型则是解决该问题的重要手段之一。目前,在构建三维数字矿床模型方面,仍有大量问题亟待解决,特别是基于三维空间分析构建找矿标志的三维模型方面尤为突出。三维缓冲区分析是三维空间分析的基本内容。目前在成矿预测研究中,通常使用地质对象的栅格模型表达其缓冲区,但其存在耗时、不精确、可视化效果相对较差的缺点。本文提出缓冲区分析方法,具有快速、精确、矢量化的特点,由地质对象的离散化入手,通过改进的带符号的欧氏距离变换方法和精确的光滑曲面重构算法,最终获得使用以矢量表达的地质对象的三维缓冲区(带)。基于多个矿区实际的三维地质模型,从三维可视化、优度与等距性分析等方面开展两种模型的对比实验,结果表明,矢量缓冲区分析在三维可视化、计算精度及其算法扩展性方面比栅格缓冲区模型更加适合三维隐伏矿体的定位与定量预测。
The way that constructs geometry of geological objects and carries out 3D prospectivity research is one of the important and available methods to find concealed mineralization. However, there are currently plenty of problems in 3D modeling for geological objects and quantitative assessment. The difficulty especially lies in constructing 3D geological objects based on calculations of spatial analysis, which are related to mineralization. 3D Buffer Analysis is one of the methods among them. In plenty of 3D prospectivity researches, geologists apply block model of geological objects to express results of buffer analysis. Disadvantages of the way are time-consuming, inexact, and poor visualization effects compared with triangle mess. Meanwhile, the grid mess will produce negative influence on the result of quantitative assessment. This paper proposed a method that is with rapid, exact and triangulated characteristics. Specially, the method serves as a surface model of geological objects. And it includes 4 steps, i.e., voxelization of geological objects, revising 3D Euclidean Distance Transform and calculating signed distance field, extracting surfaces from the field, and buffer surface construction based on DSI algorithm. Meanwhile, this paper applies buffer analysis to 3D prospectivity and carries out contrasting tests in aspects of 3D visualization effect, requirement and goodness of fit by using 3D models that are from different study areas and represent different kinds of geological situations. The result shows that buffer expressed by triangle mess is better due to its block model and advantages in quantitative assessment.
The way that constructs geometry of geological objects and carries out 3D prospectivity research is one of the important and available methods to find concealed mineralization. However, there are currently plenty of problems in 3D modeling for geological objects and quantitative assessment. The difficulty especially lies in constructing 3D geological objects based on calculations of spatial analysis, which are related to mineralization. 3D Buffer Analysis is one of the methods among them. In plenty of 3D prospectivity researches, geologists apply block model of geological objects to express results of buffer analysis. Disadvantages of the way are time-consuming, inexact, and poor visualization effects compared with triangle mess. Meanwhile, the grid mess will produce negative influence on the result of quantitative assessment. This paper proposed a method that is with rapid, exact and triangulated characteristics. Specially, the method serves as a surface model of geological objects. And it includes 4 steps, i.e., voxelization of geological objects, revising 3D Euclidean Distance Transform and calculating signed distance field, extracting surfaces from the field, and buffer surface construction based on DSI algorithm. Meanwhile, this paper applies buffer analysis to 3D prospectivity and carries out contrasting tests in aspects of 3D visualization effect, requirement and goodness of fit by using 3D models that are from different study areas and represent different kinds of geological situations. The result shows that buffer expressed by triangle mess is better due to its block model and advantages in quantitative assessment.
引文
陈建平,吕鹏,吴文,赵洁,胡青.2007.基于三维可视化技术的隐伏矿体预测[J].地学前缘,14(5):54-62.
陈建平,王春女,尚北川,史蕊.2012.基于数字矿床模型的福建永梅地区隐伏矿三维成矿预测[J].国土资源科技管理,29(6):14-20.
李芳玉,潘懋,朱雷.2005.三维缓冲体生成栅格算法研究[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,17(9):1928-1932.
李莹,肖克炎,李楠,邹伟,张婷婷.2013.西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床三维模型分析与深部预测[J].地球学报,34(4):509-512.
蔺宏伟,王国瑾.2003.三维带符号的欧氏距离变换及其应用[J].计算机学报,26(12):1645-1651.
卢新明,王红娟.2012.基于高效布尔运算的三维矢量缓冲区算法[J].中国矿业大学学报,41(3):481-487.
毛先成,唐艳华,邓浩.2012.地质体的三维形态分析方法与应用[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),43(2):588-595.
唐菊兴,王登红,汪雄武,钟康惠,应立娟,郑文宝,黎枫佶,郭娜,秦志鹏,姚晓峰,李磊,王友,唐晓倩.2010.西藏甲玛铜多金属矿矿床地质特征及其矿床模型[J].地球学报,31(4):495-506.
唐菊兴,张志,李志军,孙燕,姚晓峰,胡正华,王红星,宋俊龙,何林.2013.西藏尕尔穷-嘎拉勒铜金矿集区成矿规律、矿床模型与找矿方向[J].地球学报,34(4):385-394.
毋河海.1997.关于GIS缓冲区的建立问题[J].武汉测绘科技大学学报,22(4):358-364.
肖克炎,李楠,孙莉,邹伟,李莹.2012.基于三维信息技术大比例尺三维立体矿产预测方法及途径[J].地质学刊,36(3):229-236.
袁峰,李晓辉,张明明,周涛发,高道明,洪东良,刘晓明,汪启年,朱将波.2014.隐伏矿体三维综合信息成矿预测方法[J].地质学报,88(4):630-643.
翟裕生.1991.矿田构造学[M].北京:地质出版社:32-45.
张道军,成秋明,左仁广.2013.证据权模型中两种预测单元划分方式对比[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),43(3):1040-1052.
张宏,温永宁.2006.地理信息系统算法基础[M].北京:科学出版社:185-199.
赵鹏大,陈建平,张寿庭.2003.“三联式”成矿预测新进展[J].地学前缘,10(2):455-463.
赵鹏大.2002.“三联式”资源定量预测与评价--数字找矿理论与实践探讨[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,27(5):482-489.
赵鹏大.2007.成矿定量预测与深部找矿[J].地学前缘,14(5):1-10.
周涛发,范裕,袁峰,张乐骏,马良,钱兵,谢杰.2011.长江中下游成矿带火山岩盆地的成岩成矿作用[J].地质学报,85(5):712-730.
BONHAM-CARTER G F,AGTERBERG F P.1990.Weights of evidence modelling:a new approach to mapping mineral potential[J].Geological Survey of Canada,89(9):171-183.
BROWN W M,GEDEON T D,GROVES D I,BARNES R G.2000Artificial Neural Networks:A new Method for Mineral Prospectivity Mapping[J].Australian Journal of Earth Sciences,47(4):757-770.
CALCAGNO P,CHILES J P,COURRIOUX G,GUILLEN A.2008.Geological Modelling from field data and geological knowledge Part I.Modelling method coupling 3D potential-field interpolation and geologica rules[J].Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,171:147-157.
CARGILL S M,CLARK A L.1978.Report on the activity of IGCPProject 98[J].Mathematical Geology,10(5):411-417.
CARRANZA E J M,SADEGHI M.2010.Predictive mapping of prospectivity and quantitative estimation of undiscovered VMS deposits in Skellefte district(Sweden)[J].Ore Geology Reviews,38:219-241.
CARRANZA E J M.2009.Objective selection of suitable unit cell size in data-driven modeling of mineral prospectivity[J].Computers&Geosciences,35:2032-2046.
CHEN Jian-ping,LüPeng,WU Wen,ZHAO Jie,HU Qing.2007.A 3D method for predicting blind orebodies,based on a 3Dvisualization model and its application[J].Earth Science Fontiers,14(5):54-62(in Chinese with English abstract).
CHEN Jian-ping,WANG Chun-nv,SHANG Bei-chuan SHI Rui.2012.Three-Dimensional Metallogenic Prediction in Yongmei Region Based on Digital Ore Deposit Model[J].Scientific and Technological Management of Land and Resources,29(6):14-20(in Chinese with English abstract).
CHENG Qiu-ming,AGTERBERG F P.1999.Fuzzy Weights of Evidence Method and Its Application in Mineral Potential Mapping[J].Natural Resources Research,8(1):27-35.
FEITO F,TORRES J C,URENA A.1995.Orientation,simplicity and inclusion test for planar polygons[J].Computers&Graphic,19(4):595-600.
LAJAUNIE C,COURRIOUX G,MANUEL L.1997.Foliation Field and 3D Cartography in Geology:Principles of a Method Based on Potential Interpolation[J].Mathematical Geology,29(4):571-584.
LI Fang-yu,PAN Mao,ZHU Lei.2005.Research on the Algorithm for 3D Raster Buffer-Generation[J].Journal of Computer-Aided Design&Computer Graphics,17(9):1928-1932(in Chinese with English abstract).
LI Ying,XIAO Ke-yan,LI Nan,ZOU Wei,ZHANG Ting-ting.2013.Three-dimensional Model Analysis and Deep Prognosis of the Jiama Copper-polymetallic Deposit in Tibet[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,34(4):509-512(in Chinese with English abstract).
LIN Hong-wei,WANG Guo-jin.2003.Three Dimensional Signed Euclidean Distance Transform and Its Applications[J].Chinese Journal of Computers,26(12):1645-1651(in Chinese with English abstract).
LORENESEN W E,CLINE H E.1987.Marching Cubes:A High Resolution 3D Surface Construction Algorithm[J].Computer Graphics,21(4):163-169.
LU Xing-ming,WANG Hong-juan.2012.An algorithm for 3Dvector buffer based on efficient Boolean operation[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,41(3):481-487(in Chinese with English abstract).
MALLET J L.1997.Discrete Modeling for Natural Objects[J].Mathematical Geology,29(2):199-219.
MAO Xian-cheng,TAN Yan-hua,DENG Hao.2012.Three-dimensional morphological analysis method for geologic bodies and its application[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),43(2):588-595(in Chinese with English abstract).
OLIVA J M,PERRIN M,COQUILLART S.1996.3D Reconstruction of Complex Polyhedral Shapes from Contours using a Simplified Generalized Voronoi Diagram[J].Eurographics,15(3):397-408.
PORWAL A,CARRANZA E,HALE M.2006.A Hybrid Fuzzy Weights-of-Evidence Model for Mineral Potential Mapping[J].Natural Resources Research,15(1):1-14.
PORWAL A,CRARANZA E J M.2001.Extended Weights of Evidence Modelling for Predictive Mapping of Base Metao Deposit Potential in Aravalli Province,Western India[J].Exploration Mining Geology,10(4):273-287.
SINGER D A.1993.Basic concepts in three-part quantitative assessments of undiscovered mineral resources[J].Nonrenewable Resources,69-81.
SINGER D A.2006.Typing mineral deposits using their associated rocks,grades and tonnages using a probabilistic neural network[J].Mathematical Geology,38:465-474.
SINGER D,MENZIE W.2010.Quantitative Mineral Resource Assessments:An Integrated Approach[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press.
TANG Ju-xing,WANG Deng-hong,WANG Xiong-wu,ZHONGKang-hui,YING Li-juan,ZHENG Wen-bao,LI Feng-ji,GUONa,QIN Zhi-peng,YAO Xiao-feng,LI Lei,WANG You,TANG Xiao-qian.2010.Geological Features and Metallogenic Model of the Jiama Copper-Polymetallic Deposit in Tibet[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,31(4):495-506(in Chinese with English abstract).
TANG Ju-xing,ZHANG Zhi,LI Zhi-jun,SUN Yan,YAOXiao-feng,HU Zhang-hua,WANG Hong-xing,SONGJun-long,HE Lin.2013.The Metallogensis,Deposit Model and Prospecting Direction of Ga’erqing-Galale Copper-gold Ore Field,Tibet[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,31(4):495-506(in Chinese with English abstract).
TREECE G M.1999.Regularised marching tetrahedral:improved iso-surface extraction[J].Computers&Graphics,23:583-598.
WANG Gong-wen,ZHANG Shou-ting,YAN Chang-hai.2011.Mineral potential targeting and resource assessment based on 3D geological modeling in Luanchuan region,China[J].Computers&Geosciences,37:1976-1988.
WU Hai-he.1997.Problem of Buffer Zone Construction in GIS[J].Journal of Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping,22(4):358-364(in Chinese with English abstract).
XIAO Ke-yan,LI Nan,SUN Li,ZHOU Wei,LI Ying.2012.Large scale 3D mineral prediction methods and channels based on3D information technology[J].Journal of Geology,36(3):229-236(in Chinese with English abstract).
YE Q Z.1988.The signed Euclidean distance transform and its applications[J].Proceedings of 9th international Conference of Pattern Recognition,Rome,Italy:495-499.
YUAN Feng,LI Xiao-hui,ZHANG Ming-ming,ZHOU Tao-fa,GAO Dao-ming,HONG Dong-liang,LIU Xiao-min WANGQi-nian,ZHU Jiang-bo.2014.Three Dimension Prospectivity Modelling Based on Integrated Geoinformation for Prediction of Bruied Orebodies[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,88(4):630-643(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHAI Yu-sheng.1991.Orefield tectonics[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House(in Chinese).
ZHANG Dao-jun,CHENG Qiu-ming,ZUO Ren-guang.2013.AComparsion of Two Different Unit Division Methods in Weights of Evidence[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),43(3):1040-1052(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHANG Hong,WEN Yong-ning.2006.GIS algorithm base[M].Beijing:Science Press(in Chinese).
ZHAO Peng-da,CHEN Jian-ping,ZHANG Shou-ting.2003.The New Development of“Three Components”Quantitative Mineral Prediction[J].Earth Science Frontiers,10(2):455-463(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHAO Peng-da.2007.Quantitative mineral prediction and deep mineral exploration[J].Earth Science Frontiers,14(5):1-10(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHAO Peng-da.2002.“Three-Component”quantitative resource prediction and assessment:theory and practice of digital mineral prospecting[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,27(5):482-489(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHOU Tao-fa,FAN Yu,YUAN Feng,ZHANG Le-jun,MA Liang,QIAN Bing,XIE Jie.2011.Petrogensis and Metallogeny Study of the Volcanic Basins in the Middle and Lower Yangtze Metallogenic Belt[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,85(5):712-730(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZUO Ren-guang,CHENG Qiu-ming,FREDERIK P.2009.Application of a hybrid method combining multilevel fuzzy comprehensive evaluation with asymmetric fuzzy relation analysis to mapping prospectivity[J].Ore Geology Reviews,35(1):101-108.
陈建平,王春女,尚北川,史蕊.2012.基于数字矿床模型的福建永梅地区隐伏矿三维成矿预测[J].国土资源科技管理,29(6):14-20.
李芳玉,潘懋,朱雷.2005.三维缓冲体生成栅格算法研究[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,17(9):1928-1932.
李莹,肖克炎,李楠,邹伟,张婷婷.2013.西藏甲玛铜多金属矿床三维模型分析与深部预测[J].地球学报,34(4):509-512.
蔺宏伟,王国瑾.2003.三维带符号的欧氏距离变换及其应用[J].计算机学报,26(12):1645-1651.
卢新明,王红娟.2012.基于高效布尔运算的三维矢量缓冲区算法[J].中国矿业大学学报,41(3):481-487.
毛先成,唐艳华,邓浩.2012.地质体的三维形态分析方法与应用[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),43(2):588-595.
唐菊兴,王登红,汪雄武,钟康惠,应立娟,郑文宝,黎枫佶,郭娜,秦志鹏,姚晓峰,李磊,王友,唐晓倩.2010.西藏甲玛铜多金属矿矿床地质特征及其矿床模型[J].地球学报,31(4):495-506.
唐菊兴,张志,李志军,孙燕,姚晓峰,胡正华,王红星,宋俊龙,何林.2013.西藏尕尔穷-嘎拉勒铜金矿集区成矿规律、矿床模型与找矿方向[J].地球学报,34(4):385-394.
毋河海.1997.关于GIS缓冲区的建立问题[J].武汉测绘科技大学学报,22(4):358-364.
肖克炎,李楠,孙莉,邹伟,李莹.2012.基于三维信息技术大比例尺三维立体矿产预测方法及途径[J].地质学刊,36(3):229-236.
袁峰,李晓辉,张明明,周涛发,高道明,洪东良,刘晓明,汪启年,朱将波.2014.隐伏矿体三维综合信息成矿预测方法[J].地质学报,88(4):630-643.
翟裕生.1991.矿田构造学[M].北京:地质出版社:32-45.
张道军,成秋明,左仁广.2013.证据权模型中两种预测单元划分方式对比[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),43(3):1040-1052.
张宏,温永宁.2006.地理信息系统算法基础[M].北京:科学出版社:185-199.
赵鹏大,陈建平,张寿庭.2003.“三联式”成矿预测新进展[J].地学前缘,10(2):455-463.
赵鹏大.2002.“三联式”资源定量预测与评价--数字找矿理论与实践探讨[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,27(5):482-489.
赵鹏大.2007.成矿定量预测与深部找矿[J].地学前缘,14(5):1-10.
周涛发,范裕,袁峰,张乐骏,马良,钱兵,谢杰.2011.长江中下游成矿带火山岩盆地的成岩成矿作用[J].地质学报,85(5):712-730.
BONHAM-CARTER G F,AGTERBERG F P.1990.Weights of evidence modelling:a new approach to mapping mineral potential[J].Geological Survey of Canada,89(9):171-183.
BROWN W M,GEDEON T D,GROVES D I,BARNES R G.2000Artificial Neural Networks:A new Method for Mineral Prospectivity Mapping[J].Australian Journal of Earth Sciences,47(4):757-770.
CALCAGNO P,CHILES J P,COURRIOUX G,GUILLEN A.2008.Geological Modelling from field data and geological knowledge Part I.Modelling method coupling 3D potential-field interpolation and geologica rules[J].Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors,171:147-157.
CARGILL S M,CLARK A L.1978.Report on the activity of IGCPProject 98[J].Mathematical Geology,10(5):411-417.
CARRANZA E J M,SADEGHI M.2010.Predictive mapping of prospectivity and quantitative estimation of undiscovered VMS deposits in Skellefte district(Sweden)[J].Ore Geology Reviews,38:219-241.
CARRANZA E J M.2009.Objective selection of suitable unit cell size in data-driven modeling of mineral prospectivity[J].Computers&Geosciences,35:2032-2046.
CHEN Jian-ping,LüPeng,WU Wen,ZHAO Jie,HU Qing.2007.A 3D method for predicting blind orebodies,based on a 3Dvisualization model and its application[J].Earth Science Fontiers,14(5):54-62(in Chinese with English abstract).
CHEN Jian-ping,WANG Chun-nv,SHANG Bei-chuan SHI Rui.2012.Three-Dimensional Metallogenic Prediction in Yongmei Region Based on Digital Ore Deposit Model[J].Scientific and Technological Management of Land and Resources,29(6):14-20(in Chinese with English abstract).
CHENG Qiu-ming,AGTERBERG F P.1999.Fuzzy Weights of Evidence Method and Its Application in Mineral Potential Mapping[J].Natural Resources Research,8(1):27-35.
FEITO F,TORRES J C,URENA A.1995.Orientation,simplicity and inclusion test for planar polygons[J].Computers&Graphic,19(4):595-600.
LAJAUNIE C,COURRIOUX G,MANUEL L.1997.Foliation Field and 3D Cartography in Geology:Principles of a Method Based on Potential Interpolation[J].Mathematical Geology,29(4):571-584.
LI Fang-yu,PAN Mao,ZHU Lei.2005.Research on the Algorithm for 3D Raster Buffer-Generation[J].Journal of Computer-Aided Design&Computer Graphics,17(9):1928-1932(in Chinese with English abstract).
LI Ying,XIAO Ke-yan,LI Nan,ZOU Wei,ZHANG Ting-ting.2013.Three-dimensional Model Analysis and Deep Prognosis of the Jiama Copper-polymetallic Deposit in Tibet[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,34(4):509-512(in Chinese with English abstract).
LIN Hong-wei,WANG Guo-jin.2003.Three Dimensional Signed Euclidean Distance Transform and Its Applications[J].Chinese Journal of Computers,26(12):1645-1651(in Chinese with English abstract).
LORENESEN W E,CLINE H E.1987.Marching Cubes:A High Resolution 3D Surface Construction Algorithm[J].Computer Graphics,21(4):163-169.
LU Xing-ming,WANG Hong-juan.2012.An algorithm for 3Dvector buffer based on efficient Boolean operation[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,41(3):481-487(in Chinese with English abstract).
MALLET J L.1997.Discrete Modeling for Natural Objects[J].Mathematical Geology,29(2):199-219.
MAO Xian-cheng,TAN Yan-hua,DENG Hao.2012.Three-dimensional morphological analysis method for geologic bodies and its application[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology),43(2):588-595(in Chinese with English abstract).
OLIVA J M,PERRIN M,COQUILLART S.1996.3D Reconstruction of Complex Polyhedral Shapes from Contours using a Simplified Generalized Voronoi Diagram[J].Eurographics,15(3):397-408.
PORWAL A,CARRANZA E,HALE M.2006.A Hybrid Fuzzy Weights-of-Evidence Model for Mineral Potential Mapping[J].Natural Resources Research,15(1):1-14.
PORWAL A,CRARANZA E J M.2001.Extended Weights of Evidence Modelling for Predictive Mapping of Base Metao Deposit Potential in Aravalli Province,Western India[J].Exploration Mining Geology,10(4):273-287.
SINGER D A.1993.Basic concepts in three-part quantitative assessments of undiscovered mineral resources[J].Nonrenewable Resources,69-81.
SINGER D A.2006.Typing mineral deposits using their associated rocks,grades and tonnages using a probabilistic neural network[J].Mathematical Geology,38:465-474.
SINGER D,MENZIE W.2010.Quantitative Mineral Resource Assessments:An Integrated Approach[M].Oxford:Oxford University Press.
TANG Ju-xing,WANG Deng-hong,WANG Xiong-wu,ZHONGKang-hui,YING Li-juan,ZHENG Wen-bao,LI Feng-ji,GUONa,QIN Zhi-peng,YAO Xiao-feng,LI Lei,WANG You,TANG Xiao-qian.2010.Geological Features and Metallogenic Model of the Jiama Copper-Polymetallic Deposit in Tibet[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,31(4):495-506(in Chinese with English abstract).
TANG Ju-xing,ZHANG Zhi,LI Zhi-jun,SUN Yan,YAOXiao-feng,HU Zhang-hua,WANG Hong-xing,SONGJun-long,HE Lin.2013.The Metallogensis,Deposit Model and Prospecting Direction of Ga’erqing-Galale Copper-gold Ore Field,Tibet[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,31(4):495-506(in Chinese with English abstract).
TREECE G M.1999.Regularised marching tetrahedral:improved iso-surface extraction[J].Computers&Graphics,23:583-598.
WANG Gong-wen,ZHANG Shou-ting,YAN Chang-hai.2011.Mineral potential targeting and resource assessment based on 3D geological modeling in Luanchuan region,China[J].Computers&Geosciences,37:1976-1988.
WU Hai-he.1997.Problem of Buffer Zone Construction in GIS[J].Journal of Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping,22(4):358-364(in Chinese with English abstract).
XIAO Ke-yan,LI Nan,SUN Li,ZHOU Wei,LI Ying.2012.Large scale 3D mineral prediction methods and channels based on3D information technology[J].Journal of Geology,36(3):229-236(in Chinese with English abstract).
YE Q Z.1988.The signed Euclidean distance transform and its applications[J].Proceedings of 9th international Conference of Pattern Recognition,Rome,Italy:495-499.
YUAN Feng,LI Xiao-hui,ZHANG Ming-ming,ZHOU Tao-fa,GAO Dao-ming,HONG Dong-liang,LIU Xiao-min WANGQi-nian,ZHU Jiang-bo.2014.Three Dimension Prospectivity Modelling Based on Integrated Geoinformation for Prediction of Bruied Orebodies[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,88(4):630-643(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHAI Yu-sheng.1991.Orefield tectonics[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House(in Chinese).
ZHANG Dao-jun,CHENG Qiu-ming,ZUO Ren-guang.2013.AComparsion of Two Different Unit Division Methods in Weights of Evidence[J].Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),43(3):1040-1052(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHANG Hong,WEN Yong-ning.2006.GIS algorithm base[M].Beijing:Science Press(in Chinese).
ZHAO Peng-da,CHEN Jian-ping,ZHANG Shou-ting.2003.The New Development of“Three Components”Quantitative Mineral Prediction[J].Earth Science Frontiers,10(2):455-463(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHAO Peng-da.2007.Quantitative mineral prediction and deep mineral exploration[J].Earth Science Frontiers,14(5):1-10(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHAO Peng-da.2002.“Three-Component”quantitative resource prediction and assessment:theory and practice of digital mineral prospecting[J].Earth Science-Journal of China University of Geosciences,27(5):482-489(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZHOU Tao-fa,FAN Yu,YUAN Feng,ZHANG Le-jun,MA Liang,QIAN Bing,XIE Jie.2011.Petrogensis and Metallogeny Study of the Volcanic Basins in the Middle and Lower Yangtze Metallogenic Belt[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,85(5):712-730(in Chinese with English abstract).
ZUO Ren-guang,CHENG Qiu-ming,FREDERIK P.2009.Application of a hybrid method combining multilevel fuzzy comprehensive evaluation with asymmetric fuzzy relation analysis to mapping prospectivity[J].Ore Geology Reviews,35(1):101-108.