橡胶树可可毛色二孢叶斑病菌生物学特性及药剂筛选试验
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摘要
由可可毛色二孢菌引起的橡胶树叶斑病是广东、海南、云南地区橡胶树的一种新病害,通过对该病原菌生物学特性研究和室内高效低毒化学药剂筛选,为该病害的防治提供理论依据。选取经鉴定的主要代表菌株,采用实验室常规法研究该病原菌的生物学特性,并用菌丝生长速率法测定10种杀菌剂对病原菌的毒力。结果显示其菌丝最适生长温度为30℃;最适生长pH范围为6~8;致死温度为53℃处理10min;最适菌落生长碳源为葡萄糖,最适氮源为牛肉浸膏;不同光照条件对菌丝生长有影响,在24h光照菌丝生长最快。10种杀菌剂对可可毛色二孢的毒力差异显著,其中多菌灵EC50最低,为0.0675μg/mL;其次为甲基硫菌灵,EC50为0.2019μg/mL。可见,橡胶树可可毛色二孢是一种适应性极强的高温适生菌;杀菌剂室内毒力测定结果表明,可以用多菌灵、丙环唑、甲基硫菌灵、苯醚甲环唑等药剂防治橡胶树可可毛色二孢叶斑病。
The leaf spot of rubber tree caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae was a new rubber trees disease in Guangdong,Hainan and Yunnan Province.In order to provide theoretical basis for effective prevention and control of this leaf spot on rubber tree,the biological characteristics of L.theobromae and the selection of high efficiency and low toxicity fungicides were studied in this study.The biological characteristics of this pathogen was analysed by conventional methods.The toxicity of ten fungicides to L.theobromae was tested by the method of mycelia growth inhibition.The results showed that the optimum growth temperature of L.theobromae was 30℃ the most suitable growth pH ranged from 6 to 8;the lethal temperature was at 53℃ for 10 min;the best carbon source for mycelial growth was glucose;the best nitrogen source was beef extract.Different light treatment had significant effects on growth of mycelia and 24 h lighting condition was most suitable to growth of mycela.The result indicated that the toxicity to this pathogen of these fungicides was significantly different.Among these ten the fungicides,we found that carbendazim showed the best efficiency with the value of EC50 0.0675 μg/mL and the following one was thiophanatemethyl with the value of EC50 0.2019 μg/mL. L.theobromae was a thermoacidophilic fungi,while it can be inhibited by carbendazim,propiconazole,thiophanate-methyl and difenoconazole to prevent leaf spot.
The leaf spot of rubber tree caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae was a new rubber trees disease in Guangdong,Hainan and Yunnan Province.In order to provide theoretical basis for effective prevention and control of this leaf spot on rubber tree,the biological characteristics of L.theobromae and the selection of high efficiency and low toxicity fungicides were studied in this study.The biological characteristics of this pathogen was analysed by conventional methods.The toxicity of ten fungicides to L.theobromae was tested by the method of mycelia growth inhibition.The results showed that the optimum growth temperature of L.theobromae was 30℃ the most suitable growth pH ranged from 6 to 8;the lethal temperature was at 53℃ for 10 min;the best carbon source for mycelial growth was glucose;the best nitrogen source was beef extract.Different light treatment had significant effects on growth of mycelia and 24 h lighting condition was most suitable to growth of mycela.The result indicated that the toxicity to this pathogen of these fungicides was significantly different.Among these ten the fungicides,we found that carbendazim showed the best efficiency with the value of EC50 0.0675 μg/mL and the following one was thiophanatemethyl with the value of EC50 0.2019 μg/mL. L.theobromae was a thermoacidophilic fungi,while it can be inhibited by carbendazim,propiconazole,thiophanate-methyl and difenoconazole to prevent leaf spot.
引文
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[12]车建美,刘波,阮传清,等.莲雾黑腐病病原菌的鉴定及其生物学特性研究[J].福建农业学报,2014,29(6):580-585.
[13]刘佳宁,马银鹏,王玉文,等.黑木耳“黑皮病”病原菌鉴定[J].黑龙江科学,2015,6(1):4-6.
[14]贺春萍,李锐,吴伟怀,等.10种杀菌剂对橡胶树白根病菌的毒力测定[J].热带农业科学,2016,36(2):69-72.
[15]刘一贤,石兆武,余守宽,等.橡胶链格孢叶斑病病原菌生物学特性研究[J].湖北农业科学,2015(17):4195-4198.
[16]张驰成,汪涵,贺春萍,等.桂牧1号杂交象草叶斑病病原鉴定及其生物学特性分析[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2016,35(5):1232-1239.
[17]胡蓉花,付宗仁,凡中良,等.吉安烤烟棒孢霉叶斑病发生规律及药剂防治试验[J].广东农业科学,2016,43(12):64-69.
[18]文新,张毓如,吴泽文,等.肉桂枝枯病病原研究[J].微生物学报,1995,35(3):181-185.
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[20]史国英,胡春锦,罗掉爱,等.毛葡萄穗轴褐腐病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性[J].植物病理学报,2010(3):242-249.
[21]车建美,刘波,阮传清,等.莲雾黑腐病病原菌的鉴定及其生物学特性研究[J].福建农业学报,2014,29(6):580-585.
[22]董章勇,罗梅,宾淑英,等.沙田柚果腐病病原菌的鉴定与生物学特性[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(22):125-128.
[23]邹东霞,廖旺姣,黄乃秀,等.8种杀菌剂对桉树枝枯病病原菌室内毒力测定[J].林业科技开发,2013,27(1):38-40.
[24]宋雅琴,娄兵海,陈爱军,等.25种杀菌剂对葡萄溃疡病菌抑制作用及其对葡萄适用性评价[J].中国南方果树,2015,44(4):83-87.
[25]唐利华,莫贱友,郭堂勋,等.10种杀菌剂对广西杧果流胶病菌的室内毒力测定[J].中国南方果树,2016,45(2):89-92.
[26]贺春萍,李锐,吴伟怀,等.12种杀菌剂对橡胶树褐根病菌的毒力测定[J].热带作物学报,2013,34(10):1987-1990.
[27]詹儒林,李伟,郑服丛.芒果炭疽病菌对多菌灵的抗药性[J].植物保护学报,2005,32(1):71-76.
[28]胡美姣,师超,安勇,等.杧果蒂腐病菌对多菌灵的抗药性测定及其杀菌剂筛选[J].果树学报,2009,26(5):671-677.
[29]Devi P A,Paramasivam M,Prakasam V.Degradation pattern and risk assessment of carbendazim and mancozeb in mango fruits[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2015,187(1):4142.
[30]Makotof T I.Action mechanism of diethofencarb to a benzimidazole-resistant mutant in Neurospora crassa[J].Journal of Pesticide Science,1992,17(4):237-242.
[31]陈育民,冯伟明,田瑞钧,等.9种杀菌剂对火龙果炭疽病的田间药效试验[J].广东农业科学,2017,44(11):111-115.
[2]柯佑鹏,过建春.中国天然橡胶安全问题的探讨[J].林业经济问题,2007,27(3):199-205.
[3]刘少军,周广胜,房世波.中国橡胶树种植气候适宜性区划[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(12):2335-2345.
[4]黄贵修.中国天然橡胶病虫草害识别与防治[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2012
[5]蔡志英,施玉萍,刘一贤,等.橡胶树毛色二孢叶斑病的病原菌[J].云南农业大学学报(自然科学),2018,33(2):224-232.
[6]高波,王容燕,马娟,等.甘薯爪哇黑腐病的病原鉴定[J].植物保护,2016,42(5):200-204.
[7]陈旭玉,甘炳春,冯锦东.高良姜叶枯病病原菌的分离和鉴定[J].安徽农业科学,2014,42(16):5031-5032.
[8]张争,杨云,魏建和,等.白木香枝枯病病原菌的鉴定[J].中国中药杂志,2013,38(11):1707-1711.
[9]廖旺姣,邹东霞,黄乃秀,等.广西桉树溃疡病病原菌鉴定[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(8):1884-1888.
[10]廖旺姣,朱英芝,邹东霞,等.桉树枝枯病菌生物学特性[J].广西林业科学,2016,45(4):369-372.
[11]史国英,胡春锦,罗掉爱,等.毛葡萄穗轴褐腐病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性[J].植物病理学报,2010(3):242-249.
[12]车建美,刘波,阮传清,等.莲雾黑腐病病原菌的鉴定及其生物学特性研究[J].福建农业学报,2014,29(6):580-585.
[13]刘佳宁,马银鹏,王玉文,等.黑木耳“黑皮病”病原菌鉴定[J].黑龙江科学,2015,6(1):4-6.
[14]贺春萍,李锐,吴伟怀,等.10种杀菌剂对橡胶树白根病菌的毒力测定[J].热带农业科学,2016,36(2):69-72.
[15]刘一贤,石兆武,余守宽,等.橡胶链格孢叶斑病病原菌生物学特性研究[J].湖北农业科学,2015(17):4195-4198.
[16]张驰成,汪涵,贺春萍,等.桂牧1号杂交象草叶斑病病原鉴定及其生物学特性分析[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2016,35(5):1232-1239.
[17]胡蓉花,付宗仁,凡中良,等.吉安烤烟棒孢霉叶斑病发生规律及药剂防治试验[J].广东农业科学,2016,43(12):64-69.
[18]文新,张毓如,吴泽文,等.肉桂枝枯病病原研究[J].微生物学报,1995,35(3):181-185.
[19]薛振南,黄式玲,李孝忠.肉桂枝枯病菌及其生物学特性研究[J].广西农业生物科学,2003,22(4):275-279.
[20]史国英,胡春锦,罗掉爱,等.毛葡萄穗轴褐腐病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性[J].植物病理学报,2010(3):242-249.
[21]车建美,刘波,阮传清,等.莲雾黑腐病病原菌的鉴定及其生物学特性研究[J].福建农业学报,2014,29(6):580-585.
[22]董章勇,罗梅,宾淑英,等.沙田柚果腐病病原菌的鉴定与生物学特性[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(22):125-128.
[23]邹东霞,廖旺姣,黄乃秀,等.8种杀菌剂对桉树枝枯病病原菌室内毒力测定[J].林业科技开发,2013,27(1):38-40.
[24]宋雅琴,娄兵海,陈爱军,等.25种杀菌剂对葡萄溃疡病菌抑制作用及其对葡萄适用性评价[J].中国南方果树,2015,44(4):83-87.
[25]唐利华,莫贱友,郭堂勋,等.10种杀菌剂对广西杧果流胶病菌的室内毒力测定[J].中国南方果树,2016,45(2):89-92.
[26]贺春萍,李锐,吴伟怀,等.12种杀菌剂对橡胶树褐根病菌的毒力测定[J].热带作物学报,2013,34(10):1987-1990.
[27]詹儒林,李伟,郑服丛.芒果炭疽病菌对多菌灵的抗药性[J].植物保护学报,2005,32(1):71-76.
[28]胡美姣,师超,安勇,等.杧果蒂腐病菌对多菌灵的抗药性测定及其杀菌剂筛选[J].果树学报,2009,26(5):671-677.
[29]Devi P A,Paramasivam M,Prakasam V.Degradation pattern and risk assessment of carbendazim and mancozeb in mango fruits[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2015,187(1):4142.
[30]Makotof T I.Action mechanism of diethofencarb to a benzimidazole-resistant mutant in Neurospora crassa[J].Journal of Pesticide Science,1992,17(4):237-242.
[31]陈育民,冯伟明,田瑞钧,等.9种杀菌剂对火龙果炭疽病的田间药效试验[J].广东农业科学,2017,44(11):111-115.