柴达木盆地古隆起主要类型及油气勘探方向
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摘要
柴达木盆地古隆起分布广泛,具有巨大的勘探潜力。为指明柴达木盆地古隆起的勘探方向,通过地震资料解释及近年来已发现古隆起油气藏实例解剖,对盆地主要古隆起的构造样式、沉积特征、演化期次、运动学特征及成藏规律等进行总结。将盆地古隆起划分为稳定型、活动型、残余型与消亡型等4种主要类型。同时,盆地的古隆起分布具有一定的规律性,古隆起主要发育于盆地深大断裂两侧,盆地不同性质的边界条件决定了古隆起的发育类型。古隆起在油气运聚、储层类型、圈闭类型、输导条件及保存条件等方面具备优越的成藏条件。以此确定了柴达木盆地古隆起两个有利勘探方向,一是已发现油气田的挖潜;二是成藏条件较好的盆缘山前构造带。
The paleo-uplifts in the Qaidam Basin are widely distributed and have great exploration potential. In order to indicate the exploration direction of the Qaidam Basin,the structural styles,sedimentary characteristics,evolution stages,kinematic characteristics and reservoir-forming laws of the main paleo-uplifts are summarized in this article through the interpretation of seismic data and the example analysis of discovered hydrocarbon reservoirs in paleo-uplifts in recent years. The paleo-uplifts in the basin are divided into 4 main types: stable type,active type,residual type and extinction type. At the same time,the distribution of paleo-uplifts in the basin has a certain regular pattern: the paleo-uplifts mainly developed on both sides of the deep faults,and the boundary conditions of different properties of basin determined the type of the paleo-uplift. The paleo-uplifts have superior reservoir forming conditions in the migration and accumulation of hydrocarbon,reservoir types,trap types,transportation conditions and preservation conditions etc. Therefore,two favorable exploration directions of the paleo-uplifts in the Qaidam Basin are confirmed: one is tapping the potential of the discovered hydrocarbon fields; the otherone is the piedmont tectonic belt with relatively good reservoir conditions on the basin margin.
The paleo-uplifts in the Qaidam Basin are widely distributed and have great exploration potential. In order to indicate the exploration direction of the Qaidam Basin,the structural styles,sedimentary characteristics,evolution stages,kinematic characteristics and reservoir-forming laws of the main paleo-uplifts are summarized in this article through the interpretation of seismic data and the example analysis of discovered hydrocarbon reservoirs in paleo-uplifts in recent years. The paleo-uplifts in the basin are divided into 4 main types: stable type,active type,residual type and extinction type. At the same time,the distribution of paleo-uplifts in the basin has a certain regular pattern: the paleo-uplifts mainly developed on both sides of the deep faults,and the boundary conditions of different properties of basin determined the type of the paleo-uplift. The paleo-uplifts have superior reservoir forming conditions in the migration and accumulation of hydrocarbon,reservoir types,trap types,transportation conditions and preservation conditions etc. Therefore,two favorable exploration directions of the paleo-uplifts in the Qaidam Basin are confirmed: one is tapping the potential of the discovered hydrocarbon fields; the otherone is the piedmont tectonic belt with relatively good reservoir conditions on the basin margin.
引文
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[3]何登发,周新源,杨海军,等.塔里木盆地克拉通内古隆起的成因机制与构造类型[J].地学前缘,2008,15(2):207~221.HE Dengfa,ZHOU Xinyuan,YANG Haijun,et al.Formation mechanism and tectonic types of intracratonic paleo-uplifts in the Tarim basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(2):207~221.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[5]何登发,李德生.塔里木盆地构造演化与油气聚集[M].北京:地质出版社,1996,1~52.HE Dengfa,LI Desheng.Tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation in Tarim Basin[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1996,1~52.(in Chinese)
[6]能源,邬光辉,黄少英,等.再论塔里木盆地古隆起的形成期与主控因素[J].天然气工业,2016,36(4):27~34.NENG Yuan,WU Guanghui,HUANG Shaoying,et al.Formation stage and controlling factors of the paleo-uplifts in the Tarim Basin:a further discussion[J].Natural Gas Industry,2016,36(4):27~34.(in Chinese)
[7]魏国齐,杨威,杜金虎,等.四川盆地高石梯-磨溪古隆起构造特征及对特大型气田形成的控制作用[J].石油勘探与开发,2015,42(3):257~265.WEI Guoqi,YANG Wei,DU Jinhu,et al.Tectonic features of Gaoshiti-Moxi paleo-uplift and its controls on the formation of a giant gas field,Sichuan Basin,SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2015,42(3):257~265.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]付锁堂.柴达木盆地天然气勘探领域[J].中国石油勘探,2014,19(4):1~10.FU Suotang.Natural gas exploration in Qaidam Basin[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2014,19(4):1~10.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]隋凤贵,林会喜,赵乐强,等.准噶尔盆地周缘隆起带油气成藏模式[J].新疆石油地质,2015,36(1):1~7.SUI Fenggui,LIN Huixi,ZHAO Leqing,et al.Hydrocarbon accumulation patterns in peripheral uplift belts of Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2015,36(1):1~7.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]张林炎,范昆,黄臣军,等.冀中坳陷深层油气成藏潜力与勘探方向[J].地质力学学报,2011,17(2):144~157.ZHANG Linyan,FAN Kun,HUANG Chenjun,et al.Potential of the deep oil-gas reservoir-forming and exploitation direction in Jizhong depression[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2011,17(2):144~157.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]庞雄奇,罗晓容,姜振学,等.中国西部复杂叠合盆地油气成藏研究进展与问题[J].地球科学进展,2007,22(9):879~887.PANG Xiongqi,LUO Xiaorong,JIANG Zhenxue,et al.Advancements and problems on hydrocarbon accumulation research of complicated superimposed basins in Western China[J].Advances in Earth Science,2007,22(9):879~887.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]卫平生,郭彦如,张景廉,等.古隆起与大气田的关系---中国西部克拉通盆地与中亚卡拉库姆盆地天然气地质比较研究之一[J].天然气地球科学,1998,9(5):1~9.WEI Pingsheng,GUO Yanru,ZHANG Jinglian,et al.Relations between palaeo-uplifts and gian t gas fields:Acomparative study on natural gas geology of the craton basin in West China and the Karakum Basin in Central Asia[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,1998,9(5):1~9.(in Chinese)
[13]冉启贵,陈发景,张光亚.中国克拉通古隆起的形成、演化及与油气的关系[J].现代地质,1997,11(4):478~487.RAN Qigui,CHEN Fajing,ZHANG Guangya.Formation and tectonic evolution of Cratonic palaeouplifts and its relation to hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in China[J].Journal of Graduate School,China University of Geoscience,1997,11(4):478~487.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]何碧竹,焦存礼,许志琴,等.塔里木盆地显生宙古隆起的分布及迁移[J].地学前缘,2015,22(3):277~289.HE Bizhu,JIAO Cunli,XU Zhiqin,et al.Distribution and migration of the Phanerozoic palaeo-uplifts in the Tarim Basin,NW China[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2015,22(3):277~289.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]何登发,谢晓安.中国克拉通盆地中央古隆起与油气勘探[J].勘探家,1997,2(2):11~19.HE Dengfa,XIEXiaoan.Petroleum exploration in central paleo uplifts of cratonic basins in China[J].Petroleum Explorationist,1997,2(2):11~19.(in Chinese)[16]孙龙德,周新源,王国林.塔里木盆地石油地质研究新进展和油气勘探主攻方向[J].地质科学,2005,40(2):167~178.SUN Longde,ZHOU Xinyuan,WANG Guolin.Contributions of petroleum geology an d main directions of oil-gas exploration in the Tarim Basin[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2005,40(2):167~178.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]杨跃明,文龙,罗冰,等.四川盆地乐山-龙女寺古隆起震旦系天然气成藏特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2016,43(2):179~188.YANG Yueming,WEN Long,LUO Bing,et al.Hydrocarbon accumulation of Sinian natural gas reservoirs,Leshan-Longnvsi paleohigh,Sichuan Basin,SW China[J].Petroleum Exploration&Development,2016,43(2):179~188.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]汤显明,惠斌耀.鄂尔多斯盆地中央古隆起与天然气聚集[J].石油与天然气地质,1993,14(1):64~71.TANG Xianming,HUI Binyao.The central uplift of Ordos Basin and its gas accumulation[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1993,14(1):64~71.(in Chinese)
[19]况军.准噶尔盆地古隆起与油气勘探方向[J].新疆石油地质,2005,26(5):502~509.KUANG Jun.Palaeohighs and targets for petroleum exploration in Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2005,26(5):502~509.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]付锁堂,汪立群,徐子远,等.柴北缘深层气藏形成的地质条件及有利勘探区带[J].天然气地球科学,2009,20(6):841~846.FU Suotang,WANG Liqun,XU Ziyuan,et al.Geological conditions of deep gas pools and their favorable prospects[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2009,20(6):841~846.(in Chinese)
[21]付锁堂,马达德,汪立群,等.柴达木盆地昆北冲断带古隆起油藏特征及油气成藏条件[J].石油学报,2013,34(4):675~682.FU Suotang,MA Dade,WANG Liqun,et al.Characteristics and accumulation conditions of paleo-uplift reservoirs in Kunbei thrust belt,Qaidam Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(4):675~682.(in Chinese)
[22]曹正林,孙秀建,汪立群,等.柴达木盆地阿尔金山前东坪-牛东斜坡带天然气成藏条件[J].天然气地球科学,2013,24(6):1125~1131.CAO Zhenglin,SUN Xiujian,WANG Liqun,et al.The gas accumulation conditions of Dongping-Niudong slope area in front of Aerjin Mountain of Qaidam Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2013,24(6):1125~1131.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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